BACKGROUND: Several growth factors, including growth hormone (GH) and Insulin like growth factor-I, have been reported to have a neuroprotective effect in experimental models of hypoxic ischemia. This study is aimed at assessing the clinical significance of growth hormone for neuroprotection in status epilepticus induced neuronal cell deaths. METHODS: Pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) was studied in rats (male, Sprague-Dawley). Rats were divided into pre- or post-treatment groups that had either a low (5 U/kg/day) or high (10 U/kg/day) dose of recombinant human GH (Eutropin, LGCI, Korea), and then subdivided into 24 hour, 72 hour and 1 week groups. This was done in the pretreatment groups for 5 days before SE and in the post-treatment groups for 5 days after 2 hrs of SE injection, after SE, the GH was daily injected via intraperitoneal route. Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine (360 mg/kg) with scoplamine (1 mg/kg) 30 minutes before pilocarpine injection using a stereotaxic instrument and EEG monitoring. Rats were killed at 24 and 72 hours after the SE in the pretreatment groups and at 1 week after the SE in the post-treatment groups for pathology studies. Neuronal injuries in the rat brain were studied by Hematoxylin & Eosin stain and the TUNEL method. RESULTS: Neuronal necrosis was found in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in all experimenatal groups after SE, and was more severe in the CA3 region. Apoptosis was found only in the pre-GH treated group and there were TUNEL-positive and morphologically necrotic cells in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions at 72 hours after SE. Neuronal necrosis and apoptosis were significantly decreased in the high dose GH treated groups (p<0.05) compare to controlsd, but not in the low dose GH hormone treated groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Growth hormone has a neuroprotective effect in neuronal cell death (necrosis and apoptosis) that is caused by pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in a dose dependent manner and prevents the activation of apoptosis by SE in neurons which eventually become necrotic.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain* ; Cell Death ; Electroencephalography ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Growth Hormone* ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Insulin ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ischemia ; Models, Theoretical ; Necrosis ; Neurons* ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Pathology ; Pilocarpine* ; Rats ; Status Epilepticus*

Objective To investigate the risk factors and establish the Cox's regression model and the personal prognosis index for the recurrence of ischemic stroke in 3-year follow-up.methods 1058 patients were retrospectively reviewed consecutively diagnosed with ischemic stroke admitted to the Neurology Department of the Hebei united University Affiliated Hospital from January 1,2013 to December 31,2013.Cases were followed up since the onset of ischemic stroke.The follow-up was finished in January 1,2016.Kaplan-Meier methods were used for recurrence rate description.Monovariant and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze risk factors associated with recurrence.Thus,a recurrence model was set up.Result sDuring the period of follow-up,184 cases relapsed.The 1-year recurrence rate was 29.9 person-year,2-year recurrence rate was 46.6 person-year,3-year recurrence rate was 52.7 person-year.Monovariant and multivariant Cox's proportional hazard regression model showed that the independent risk factors associated with recurrence were age(X1)(RR=1.303;95%CI:1.019~1.666)history of heart disease(X2)(RR=1.788;95%CI:1.127~2.836),hypertension(X3)(RR=1.897;95%CI:1.097~3.280),diabetes(X4)(RR=1.674;95%CI:1.015~2.760),total cholesterol(X5)(RR=2.136;95%CI:1.396~3.266).The personal prognosis index(PI)of recurrence model was as the following: PI=0.265X1+0.581X2+0.640X3+0.515X4+0.759X5.Conclusion sAge,history of heart disease,hypertension,disease progression,and total cholesterol are the independent risk factors associated with recurrence of ischemic stroke.The recurrence model and the personal prognosis index equation are successful constructed.

Objective:To observe the changes of metabolic parameters and islet function,and to explore the relationships between liver fat content (LFC) and islet function in inpatients of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different duration.Methods:Totally 214 diabetic patients and 65 non-diabetes patients from January 2016 to March 2017 were collected.LFC was determined by proton magnetic resonance spectrum analysis (1H-MRS),the first-phase insulin secretion was estimated by arginine test,and insulin secretion index (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assesses by homeostasis model assessment.The changes of the parameters and their relationships were analyzed in each group.Results:Along with the course of disease,the first-phase insulin secretion,HOMA-β and LFC decreased gradually,some parameters such as serum creatinine (SCr),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and microalbuminuria increased gradually,while there was no significant change in HOMA-IR.Correlation analysis demonstrated that the beta cell function (including the firstphase insulin secretion and HOMA-β) was positively associated with LFC,body mass index (BMI),body weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,serum uric acid (UA),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),triglyceride (TG),waist-hip ratio (WHR,only HOMA-β),alanine aminotransferase (ALT,only the first-phase insulin secretion) and glutamyl transferase (GGT,only the first-phase insulin secretion),all P＜0.05,and was negatively associated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),the course (only the first-phase insulin secretion),HDL-c (only the first-phase insulin secretion),all P＜0.01.There were no correlations between beta cell function and the other factors including gender,age,urea nitrogen (BUN),SCr,total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c).Stepwise regression analysis showed that there was independently positive correlation between the first-phase insulin secretion and BMI.There were independently positive correlations between HOMA-β and HOMA-IR and BMI in diabetic patients.Conclusions:Along with the course of disease,the degree of insulin resistance is not significantly changed,while the beta cell function and LFC decreased gradually.

Objective To study the influence of isoniazid on lymphocyte factor expression and macrophage function of rats.Methods Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,which was treated for one month,three months and withdrawal for one month after treated for three months,and each group was randomly divided into isoniazid group and control group.The isoniazid groups were ig with isoniazid at dose of 120 mg/kg every other day and control groups were fed on normal saline.At the corresponding time points,the level of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was detected with ELISA method,detected serum lysozyme content by agar plate method,and Comori method was used for the detection of acid phosphatase levels in peritoneal fluid.Results At all the time points,levels of IL-12,IFN-γ and lysozyme in isoniazid group were not significantly different compared with control group.There were statistically significant differences in acid phosphatase between isoniazid group and control group after treated for one month (P ＜ 0.05),but the significant differences disappeared at the next two time points.Conclusion Isoniazid of 120 mg/kg may have no obvious influence on the immune function of rat.We don't detect the immune injury.

Objective To survey avian influenza A viruses (AlVs) in the environment and explore the reasons for the surge in human H7N9 cases.Methods A total of 1,045 samples were collected from routine surveillance on poultry-related environments and 307 samples from human H7N9 cases-exposed environments in Henan from 2016 to 2017.The nucleic acids of influenza A (Flu A),H5,H7,and H9 subtypes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results A total of 27 H7N9 cases were confirmed in Henan from 2016 to 2017,24 had a history of live poultry exposure,and 15 had H7N9 virus detected in the related live poultry markets (LPMs).About 96％ (264/275) Flu A positive-environmental samples were from LPMs.H9 was the main AIV subtype (10.05％) from routine surveillance sites with only 1 H7-positive sample,whereas 21.17％ samples were H7-positive in H7N9 cases-exposed environments.Samples from H7N9 cases-exposed LPMs (47.56％)had much higher AIVs positive rates than those from routine surveillance sites (12.34％).The H7+H9 combination of mixed infection was 78.18％ (43/55) of H7-positive samples and 41.34％ (43/104) of H9-positive samples.Conclusion The contamination status of AIVs in poultry-related environments is closely associated with the incidence of human infection caused by AlVs.Therefore,systematic surveillance of AlVs in LPMs in China is essential for the detection of novel reassortant viruses and their potential for interspecies transmission.

Objective: To observe changes in the molecular expression of the NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing Protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway in depressed rats after treatment with Xiaoyaosan, and identify the regu-latory mechanism of this compound. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with 12 rats in each group, including the control group, model group, Fluoxetine group, Xiaoyaosan group, and MCC950 group. A depression model was generated by chronic immobilization stress (induced by 3 h of restraint immo-bilization every day), and the drugs were administered at the same time in each group for 21 days. The effects of Xiaoyaosan on behavioral changes of depressed rats were observed through macroscopic characterization, body mass, open field experiments, and a sucrose preference test. The mRNA and protein expression of the NLRP3 signaling pathway was examined by fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assays. Results: The Xiaoyaosan group, Fluoxetine group, and MCC950 group rats showed improved depressive behavior and an increased weight of sucrose water consumption. The protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β were also decreased in the Fluoxetine, Xiaoyaosan, and MCC950 groups. Conclusion: NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β protein and mRNA expression levels were increased in the cortex of depressed rats, while Xiaoyaosan protected cortical tissue in these rats by decreasing NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1βprotein and mRNA expression.

Objective To study the relationship between the changes of sagittal spinopelvic parameters and facet joint-derived low back pain in patients with hip osteoarthritis after hip arthroplasty.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with facet joint-derived low back pain induced by hip osteoarthritis who underwent unilateral hip arthroplasty(observation group)from June 2019 to November 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and 50 healthy subjects who underwent lumbar X-ray examination in the physical examination center of our hospital at the same time were randomly selected as the control group.The sagittal spinopelvic parameters were measured based on the X-ray,including pelvic incidence(PI),pelvic tilt(PT),sacral slope(SS),lumbar lordosis(LL),sacrum pubic incidence(SPI)and sacrum pubic posterior angle(SPPA).The correlation between the changes of sagittal spinopelvic parameters and facet joint-derived low back pain was analyzed by multiple linear regression,and its diagnostic efficacy to facet joint-derived low back pain was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The PI,LL,SPI or SPA before and 1 year after surgery of the observation group had no significant difference combined with those of the control group(P>0.05).The PT before surgery of the observation group was smaller than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the SS before surgery was larger than that of the control group(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that PT and SS before surgery were correlated with facet joint-derived low back pain(P<0.05).The sensitivity of PT and SS before surgery in diagnosing facet joint-derived low back pain were 50.00%and 73.30%,with the specificity of 88.00%and 78.00%,respectively.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of PT and SS before surgery in diagnosing facet joint-derived low back pain were 0.708(95%CI:0.595 to 0.822)and 0.775(95%CI:0.673 to 0.877),respectively.Conclusion Patients with hip osteoarthritis pain have significantly larger SS and significantly smaller PT.Hip arthroplasty can alleviate the symptoms of low back pain without affecting the sagittal spinopelvic balance;the PT and SS before surgery are correlated with the facet joint-derived low back pain,and they are of high value in the diagnosing facet joint-derived low back pain.

Asragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ)is one of the active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus,and AS-Ⅳ can play a protective role in cardiovascular diseases by inhibiting inflammatory response,inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis,improving myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury,regulating lipid metabolism,promoting cardiac vascular regeneration,inhibiting myocardial fibrosis,and improving myocardial hypertrophy.In this paper,we reviewed the relevant literature on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases of AS-Ⅳ,and summarized and analyzed its role and mechanism,in order to provide a reference for the in depth research on cardiovascular diseases and the development and application of drugs.

Objective To investigate the in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime/avibactam(CZA)alone or in combination with aztreonam(ATM)against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),and provide evidence for clinical anti-infective therapy.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of CZA and ATM against 52 clinically isolated non-repetitive CRE strains in a hospital from 2018 to 2022 were deter-mined with microbroth dilution method,and the combined antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with the chessboard dilution method.Time-killing curve and Galleria mellonella infection model were used to test the bac-tericidal effect of CZA alone or in combination with ATM.Results Among the 23 KPC-producing CRE strains,91.3％(n=21)had MIC ≤ 4 μg/mL for CZA,and 8.7％(n=2)had MIC ≥128 μg/mL for CZA.MIC of CZA to 29 CRE strains(strains producing NDM,IMP,KPC+IMP,and KPC+NDM)were all ≥128 μg/mL.Of the 31 CZA-resistant strains,93.5％(n=29)strains had fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC)＜0.5 for combination of CZA and ATM,while 6.5％(n=2)had FIC of 0-1.The time-killing curve showed that CZA had bactericidal effect on KPC-producing strains,and CZA combined with ATM had bactericidal effect on CZA-resistant strains.Compared with the monotherapy group,CZA combined with ATM treatment significantly improved the survival rate of CRE-infected Galleria mellonella(median survival time 120 hour,P=0.001).Conclusion CZA has good antimi-crobial activity against KPC-producing bacteria.The combination of CZA and ATM had synergistic bacteriostatic effect on CZA-resistant strains.

Aim To explore the improvement effect of Bazi Bushen capsule on thymic degeneration in SAMP6 mice and the possible mechanism.Methods Twenty 12 week old male SAMP6 mice were randomly divided into the model group(SAMP6)and the Bazi Busheng capsule treatment group(SAMP6+BZBS).Ten SAMR1 mice were assigned to a homologous control group(SAMR1).The SAMP6+BZBS group was oral-ly administered Bazi Bushen capsule suspension(2.8 g·kg-1)daily,while the other two groups were orally administered an equal amount of distilled water.After nine weeks of administration,the morphology of the thymus in each group was observed and the thymus in-dex was calculated;HE staining was used to observe the structural changes of thymus tissue;SA-β-gal stai-ning was used to detect thymic aging;flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of thymic CD3+T cells in each group;Western blot was used to detect the levels of p16,Bax,Bcl-2,and cleaved caspase-3 proteins in thymus;immunofluorescence was applied to detect the proportion of cortical thymic epithelial cells in each group;ELISA was employed to detect IL-7 lev-els in thymus.Results Compared with the SAMP6 group,the thymic index of the SAMP6+BZBS group significantly increased(P＜0.05);the disordered thy-mic structure was significantly improved;the positive proportion of SA-β-gal staining significantly decreased(P＜0.01);the proportion of CD3+T cells apparently increased(P＜0.05);the level of p16 protein signifi-cantly decreased(P＜0.05);the level of Bcl-2 pro-tein significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the lev-el of cleaved caspase-3 protein markedly decreased(P＜0.05);the proportion of cortical thymic epithelial cells evidently increased;the level of IL-7 significantly increased(P＜0.01).Conclusions Bazi Bushen capsule can delay thymic degeneration,inhibit cell ap-optosis in thymus and promote thymic cell development in SAMP6 mice,which may be related to increasing the proportion of cortical thymic epithelial cells and promoting IL-7 secretion.