Interleukin family plays an important role in cleating the infection of Toxoplasma gondii in the body of host such as destroying the infected cells,constructing immunity system and regulating immunity balance,and so on.Here we reviewed the role of several important interleukin family members so as to provide scientific basis for the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to screen differentially expressed serum proteins in Uyghur patients with hyperuricemia and control subjects.Western blot was used to validate differential proteins.Gel-image analysis revealed that there were 11 differential protein spots.A total of 4 differential protein spots were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS.Complement 3,complement 4,haptoglobin,and apolipoprotein Al levels were up-regulated in patients as compared with controls.The result of complement 3 expression was validated by Western blot,which is accordant with that of proteomics.

Objective To summarize the preliminary experience and early -stage follow -up results of simple transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)to guide right jugular internal vein for closure of atrial septal defect (ASD), and to investigate its feasibility.Methods A total of 24 ASD patients(12 male,12 female)treated by transcatheter ASD closure under solely guidance of TEE were summarized in Children Heart Center,People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2015 to February 2016.Mean age,body weight and average diameter of the 24 cases of ASD were 5 -18 (12.4 ±5.6)years old,16 -60 (34.1 ±9.6)kg,5 -20 (11.0 ±2.5)mm,respectively.All patients were treated by right jugular internal vein transcatheter closure under solely guidance of TEE.The efficiency of imme-diate post -operation under TEE was estimated,and follow -ups were done at 24 hours,1 month,3,6 and 12 months after the procedures by transthoracic echocardiography,X -ray examination and electrocardiogram.Results A total of 23 patients were treated successfully under solely guidance of TEE.The diameter of devices was (14.5 ±3.6)mm.The procedural time was(20.5 ±7.2)min.One patient who had 2 ASD was treated by traditional thoracic surgery,because the small ASD had 5 mm residual shunt after the procedures.There were 3 cases with trivial residual shunt after the pro-cedures immediately.All patients could move at once after operation.The average follow -up time was(5.6 ±1.2) months.No patients suffered from residual shunt,occluder malposition,peripheral vascular injury,pericardial effusion or cardiac perforation during the follow -up.Conclusions For some selected patients,simple TEE guiding right jugular in-ternal vein for closure of ASD is applicable.The method not only prevents injury from radiation,but also shortens the in -bed time and avoid the lower limbs braking,with good early -stage follow -up results are desirable.

Objective To explore the risk factors and optional treatment strategies for postoperative hypoxemia in patients undergoing acute Stanford A aortic dissection surgery.Methods From December 2012 to April 2014,108 patients received acute Stanford A aortic dissection surgery in Henan Provincial People' s Hospital.Of them,74 men vs.34 women,age (43.2 ± 10.1) years old,and weight (71.3 ± 18.4) kg.The operation was performed within 14 days since disease onset.All patients received surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA) and the nasal temperature goal was below 20 ℃ .Postoperative hypoxemia was defined as the arterial partial oxygen over inspired oxygen fraction(PaO2/FiO2) more than 200 after admission to ICU.Pulmonary protective ventilation management took place immediately after hypoxemia was diagnosed.Comparison analysis was performed between hypoxemia group and non-hypoxemia group in age,gender,body mass index (BMI),smoking history,duration of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB),duration of DHCA,blood transfusion,length of mechanical ventilation,length of ICU stay and mortality.Results The incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was 40.7％ (44/108).There were no statistical differences in age,gender,hypertension,diabetes mellitus or COPD history.In the hypoxemia group,11 cases developed pulmonary infection,3 cases underwent tracheotomy and 10 cases died.In the non-hypoxemia group,4 patients died.Postoperative hypoxemia was significantly associated with more mortality,length of ventilation time,length of ICU stay and in hospital(P ＞ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed the associated factors were BMI,smoking history,preoperative hypoxemia,LVEF ＜ 0.45,operation time,aorta clamping time,DHCA time and blood transfusion.Multivariate analysis showed the independent predictive factors were preoperative hypoxemia,DHCA ＞40 min,blood transfusion ＞ 10 U and BMI ＞25 kg/ m2.Conclusion Obesity,massive blood transfusion,long DHCA time and preoperative hypoxemia are independent risk factors of postoperative hypoxemia in patients undergoing acute Stanford A aortic dissection surgery.Perioperative pulmonary protection should be paid more attention and reinforced.

Objective: To explore the blood-saving effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) back-transfusion in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery. Methods: A total of 59 consecutive patients who received Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery in our hospital from 2013-01 to 2015-10 were studied. The patients were at the age of (50±6) years with mean body weighting at (80±12) kg and were randomly divided into 2 groups: Traditional (T) group,n=31 and Autologous PRP back-transfusion (P) group,n=28. Blood levels of Hb, platelet counts, PT, APTT were measured at pre-induction of anesthesia (T1), before CPB (T2), prior ifnishing of CPB (T3) and at 1 h (T4), 24 h (T5), 48 h (T6) after the operation. The in-operative, 48 h post-operative volumes of allogeneic blood transfusion and the volume of chest tube drainage at 48h after operation were recorded; the complication occurrence at peri-operative period was recorded. Results: In P group, whole blood processing volume was (1269±197) ml, PRP volume was (753±78) ml, PRP separation time was (35±9) min and the separated platelets were about (22±3)% of total platelet counts. Compared with T group, P group had decreased Hb at T2 (131.0±15.0) g/L vs (101.0±10.0) g/L, decreased platelet counts at T3 (115.0±51.0)×109 /L vs (83.0±23.0)×109/L, while increased platelet counts at T4 (103.0±25.0)×109/L vs (151.0±27.0)×109/L, T5 (105.0±25.0)×109 /L vs (147.0±39.0)×109/L and T6 (101.0±26.0) ×109/L vs (149.0±35.0)×109/L, allP<0.05; P group presented reduced PT at T4 (17.6±2.1) s vs (14.1±1.1) s and T5 (17.6±2.7) s vs (13.5±0.8) s, allP<0.05. The in-operative transfusions of platelet, plasma, cold precipitation and post-operative transfusions of red blood cells, platelets, plasma, cold precipitation and the volume of chest tube drainage at 48h after operation were less in P group,P<0.05. Compared with T group, P group had the lower rates of acute post-operative lung injury (32.1% vs 19.4%), shorter mechanical ventilation time (69.1±5.9) h vs (43.1±1.5) h and ICU staying time (8.1±2.8) d vs (5.3±1.1) d, allP<0.05. Conclusion: Autologous PRP back-transfusion could reduce the post-operative bleeding and allogeneic blood transfusion for Stanford A aortic dissection surgery, it has obvious blood-saving effect.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on coagulation and inflammation markers in sepsis patients.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Sixty sepsis patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Zhengzhou University People's Hospital from March 2012 to May 2014 were divided into control group and observation group, with 30 cases in each group. The observations were begun as soon as the diagnosis of sepsis was established, and the observation time was 7 days. All sepsis patients were treated according to the 2008 international sepsis treatment guidelines. Every patient in the observation group was subcutaneously injected with LMWH 0.6 mL on the first day of ICU admission, twice a day for 7 days. The blood from peripheral vein was collected at 1, 3, 5, 7 days of treatment, and CD62p, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), D-dimmer was determined by immunoturbidimetry, acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score was recorded, and incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was also evaluated.Results There were no significant differences in values of all parameters, including CD62p, D-dimmer, IL-6, TNF-α, and APACHEⅡ score at 1 day of treatment. The values of all parameters in observation group were gradually decreased. CD62p at 3 days of treatment and D-dimmer, IL-6, TNF-α, and APACHEⅡ score at 5 days of treatment were significantly lower than those at 1 day of treatment. The values in the control group were decreased at first and then increased, as D-dimmer, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher on the 5th day than those at 1 day of treatment. Compared with control group, CD62p, D-dimmer, IL-6, TNF-α and APACHEⅡ score on the 7th day of treatment were significantly lowered in observation group [CD62 (μg/L): 22.64±2.88 vs. 31.52±2.81, D-dimmer (g/L): 1.32±0.46 vs. 4.79±0.82, IL-6 (ng/L): 5.84±1.87 vs. 49.64±3.12, TNF-α (ng/L): 21.04±3.15 vs. 130.58±6.26, APACHEⅡ score: 9.71±2.02 vs. 14.17±2.38, allP< 0.05]. Correlation analysis showed that in observation group, CD62p, D-dimmer, IL-6, and TNF-α were positively correlated with APACHEⅡ score (r value was 0.907, 0.868, 0.880, 0.693, respectively, all P=0.000). The incidence of MODS in observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [26.7% (8/30) vs. 46.7% (14/30),χ2=3.943,P= 0.028].Conclusions LMWH, which was given early in sepsis, can significantly down-regulate the expression of CD62p, D-dimmer, IL-6 and TNF-α, and reduce the incidence of MODS. Some indicators regarding coagulation and inflammation can be used as supplementary indicators to severity scores, and it may be able to improve the accuracy of scoring systems for sepsis.

OBJECTIVETo identify the genetic cause for a Chinese Han family affected with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.

METHODSWhole blood and urine samples were collected from a patient and 7 unaffected relatives of the family. The coding sequences and intron/exon boundaries of HPGD and SLCO2A1 genes of the patient were amplified with polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The genotypes of relatives were subsequently verified. Urinary prostaglandin level was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSA homozygous 2-bp deletion in HPGD gene (c.310_311delCT, or p.L104AfsX3) was detected in the patient, and 5 heterozygous carriers were identified in the relatives. The urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level was significantly elevated (P<0.01), while PGE-M was significantly reduced (P<0.01) in the patient.

CONCLUSIONPrimary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in this family is caused by a homozygous mutation (c.310_311delCT) in the HPGD gene.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Dinoprostone ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases ; genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Organic Anion Transporters ; genetics ; Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; ethnology ; genetics ; Pedigree

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) in preventing ischemia reperfusion-induced cardiac injury through gaseous signaling molecule pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used CcO inhibitor, potassium cyanide (KCN) to mimic the pre-treatment of gaseous signaling molecules in a global ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury model in rats. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by measuring mitochondrial H2O2 and mitochondrial complex activity. RESULTS: KCN pre-treatment led to decreased infarction area after IR injury and improved cardiac function. KCN pre-treated group challenged with IR injury was associated with reduced ROS production through inhibition of activity and not downregulation of CcO expression. In addition, KCN pre-treatment was associated with enhanced expression and activity of mitochondrial antioxidase, suggesting the role of CcO in regulating IR injury through oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: KCN pre-treatment reduced the severity of IR injury. The potential mechanism could be increased endogenous anti-oxidase activity and consequently, the enhanced clearance of ROS.
Animals ; Cytochromes c* ; Cytochromes* ; Down-Regulation ; Electron Transport Complex IV* ; Infarction ; Ischemia* ; Mitochondria ; Myocardial Infarction ; Oxidative Stress ; Potassium Cyanide ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Reperfusion Injury*

Objective To investigate the clinical features and risk factors of multidrug－resistant bacteria (multi drug resistant organisms, MDROs) infection in Department of Neurosurgery, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of MDRO infection. Methods Data from 437 cases of infection in hospitalized patients on January 2012－2016 year in December Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into MDROs group and non MDROs group based on the results of MDROs detection. Multi factor Logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze risk factors. Results The infection rate of MDROs was 35.51%, and the detection rate of MDROs was 33.23% . ESBLs, CR－AB and MRSA were the most common bacterial species, and the infection of respiratory tract, urinary tract and wound infection were the main infection sites. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hospitalization time ＞20 d, level of consciousness (coma), occupancy of ICU ≥7 d, ventilation (invasive), number of antibiotics used≥3, combined use of antibiotics≥3, mechanical ventilation Time≥7 d were possible risk factors for MDROs infection in neurosurgical patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion The situation of MDROs infection in neurosurgery is severe. To reduce MDROs infection, it is important to shorten unnecessary hospitalization time, promptly assess and transfer out of ICU as soon as possible, improve microbial examination, avoid frequent change of antibiotics or unnecessary use of use of broad－spectrum antibiotics, reduce unnecessary mechanical ventilation time, change to non－invasive ventilation as far as possible when the condition permits, focus on patients with poor consciousness, and prevent aspiration by mistake.

Objective To investigate the effect of combined administration of autophagy inhibitor 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib on triple?negative breast cancer MDA?MB?468, MDA?MB?231 cells and estrogen receptor?positive MCF?7 cells. Methods All the cells were treated with 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and/or gefitinib. The effect of autophagy inhibitor and gefitinib on the cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to determine the alteration of autophagy?related protein ( such as LC3) and apoptosis?related proteins ( such as caspase?3 and caspase?9) . Results MTT assay showed that the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (4.1±0.2) μmol/L and (3.8±0.3) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(7.0±0.2) μmol/L] in MDA?MB?468 cells (P<0.05). Similarly, the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (9.7±0.1) μmol/L and (7.7±0.2) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(14.7±0.1) μmol/L]in MDA?MB231 cells (P<0.05). The flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?468 cells in GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.43± 3.18)%, (23.37±2.71)% and (18.71±2.81)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?231 cells of the GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.15±1.82)%, (16.94±2.19)% and (33.83±5.92) %, significantly higher than that of the gefitinib alone group (All P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of the MCF?7 cells were not changed significantly among the three groups (P>0.05). Western blot data showed that the expression levels of LC3 and p?Akt were decreased in the combined groups than that of the gefitinib alone group, while the p?PTEN, caspase?3 and caspase?9 were increased. Conclusions Autophagy inhibitor may enhance the sensitivity to gefitinib in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells by activation of the PTEN/P13K/Akt pathway. Apoptosis in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells might be enhanced by the combination treatment through caspase cascade.