Objective To discuss the teaching of neurobiology to improve the teaching quality. Methods 35 students in Grade 2010, 39 in Grade 2011 and 41 in Grade 2012 in our university were enrolled. Grade 2010 received traditional teaching only, Grade 2011 received problem-based learning (PBL) in addition, and Grade 2012 received traditional teaching, PBL and case discussion. The scores of final exami-nation were compared. Results The scores of final examination were higher in students in Grade 2012 than in Grades 2010 and 2011. Con-clusion The combination of traditional teaching, PBL and case discussion may further improve the teaching quality of students.

The binding of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2)to the antioxidant response elements(ARE)can start the expression of batches of antioxidant proteins,anti-inflammatory factors and detoxification enzymes. Nrf2/ARE signalling plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammation and in preventing xenobiotics induced lesions. Besides involvenment in physiological processes,such as regulating nutrient metabolism,Nrf2/ARE signalling also functions in the pathogenesis of various dieases. This review outlines the strcuture,functions,and regulation of Nrf2/ARE signal pathways.

Background and purpose:Extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma(EPSPC) originats from peritoneum with rare incidence, sometimes may affect the surface of ovary and have multi-focal lesions, whose standard therapy have not been established. In this study, we preliminarily reviewed the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of EPSPC in 11 cases. Methods:The clinical characteristics of 11 cases with EPSPC were first retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent cytoreduction surgery followed by chemotherapy. Finally, short-term and long-term effi cacy, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival were evaluated by RECIST, respectively. Results:Abdominal pain, distention and ascites were the most common presenting symptoms, but tumors could be palpable in only 18.2% of the patients. The positive rate of ascites, abdomen B ultrasound,MRI scan and ascending CA125 level in the plasma and ascites was 100%,45.5%,100%,72.7%,81.2%,respectively. The successful rate of cytoreduction surgery was 45.5% for the EPSPC. After chemotherapy, the cases of complete remission, partial remission, stable disease and progression disease were 1(11.1%,1/9),3(33.3%,3/9),2(22.2%,2/9) and 3(33.3%,4/9), respectively. TTP was 5-14 months for all the patients and the median TTP was 8.6 months. The 1,2,3-year overall survival was 72.7%,18.2%,0%, respectively and the median overall survival was 14.6 months. Conclusions: Ascite, abdomen MRI scan and CA125 level are the most meaningful factor to diagnose EPSPC. EPSPC is a carcinoma of poor prognostic with non-specific clinical characteristics, low successful rate of cytoreduction surgery and is chemotherapy-resistent.

Objective To explore the risk factors of recurrent cerebral infarction and the preventive meas-ures. Methods The risk factors were compared between recurrent group (246 cases with recurrent cerebral infarc-tion) and unrecurrent group( 100 cases with unreeurront cerebral infarction) by means of multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The recurrent cerebral infarction is correlated closely with hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases and excessive drinking, and the OR values arc 2.206, 2.232, 2.252, 2.842, 2.366 respectively (P<0.05), prophy-lactic treatment had the protective effects against the recurrent cerebral infarction,and the OR value was 0.249. Con-dusions The main risk factors of recurrent cerebral infarction were hypertension,heart diseases,excessive drinking. Prophylactic treatment hed great significance in preventing the recurrence of cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the expression of DNA damage and repair gene Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) protein in nasal NK/T cell lymphoma, and elucidate its clinical implication. Methods Expression of APE1 proteins was detected immunohistochemically in 10 normal lymph nodes and human nasal NK/T cells from lymphoma of 64 patients and their integral optical density was determined by means of image analytic system. The proliferation index and apoptosis index were determined by means of immunohistochemical staining and terminal dUTP nickend labeling (TUNEL) technique. Results 1. Nuclear, nucleus/cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic types of APE1 positive staining could be noted in nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. Expression of APE1 gene in nucleus was significantly strengthened compared to that in nucleus/cytoplasm and cytoplasm. In relapse or refractory group, no relapse or refractory group, and normal control group, the positive degree of cytoplasmic staining diminished significantly in the above order (P

OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of the pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) following severe craniocerebral trauma. METHODS The 220 cases with severe craniocerebral trauma were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The incident rate of VAP was 24% in these patients. A total of 169 pathogens were isolated,including 146 ( 86%) strains of bacteria and 23 (14%) fungal isolates. The main Gram-negative bacteria (114 strains) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,etc. The Gram-positives (32 strains) were Staphylococcus aureus and twenty-four (75%) of them were meticillin-resistant. CONCLUSIONS The incident rate of VAP is high following severe craniocerebral trauma. Most of the isolated pathogens are drug resistant. These cases have mixed infection occurred commonly. To prevent and treat VAP,we should pay attention to disinfection and aseptic manipulation,and make the rational use of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To observe the response of activated microglia/macrophages within and around the lesion site after rats' spinal cord injury treated with chitosan.Methods 35 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham group (n=5), completely transection group (n=15) and chitosan treated group (n=15). The responses of activated microglia/macrophages on the 1st day, 3rd day, 7th day, and in the 2nd week and 4th week after surgery were examined by immunohistochemistry.Results Microglia/macrophages were fully activated and the number of these cells increased and got the highest level on the 3rd day post injury, then quickly decreased. In the chitosan treated animals, the microglia/macrophages were fully activated and the number increased to peak on the 7th day, then quickly decreased, there were still a few microglia/macrophages around the wound in the 2nd to 4th week after the treatment.Conclusion Microglia/macrophages could be recruited within and around the lesion area longer when treated by chitosan.

ObjectiveTo observe the hindlimb motor end-plate morphology and activity of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) in different types of muscle fiber end-plate areas after spinal cord injury and spinal cord reconstruction tubes inducing spinal cord regeneration. Methods43 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into spinal cord transected group at T8 (Cx group), spinal cord transected with transplantation of reconstruction tubes group (CxTp group) and control group (Co group). 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation, gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were dissected respectively, and stained with gold chloride to observe the motor end-plate and stained with Karnovsky-Roots to detect AChE. ResultsIn Cx group, the end-plates degenerated since 3 months after operation, while the AChE activity declined. In CxTp group, end-plate structure and morphology were relatively stable and there were no signs of degeneration. ConclusionAfter spinal cord injury, motor end-plates undergo degeneration. The spinal cord reconstruction tubes graft can prevent end-plate degeneration and benefit for AChE reactivation and motor end-plate morphological and structural plasticity towards the direction of neurological rehabilitation.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of bFGF-chitosan carriers on inducing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into nerve cells.MethodsMSCs were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot after they were induced by bFGF-chitosan carriers to differentiate into neurons. The MTT chromometry assay was carried out to determine cell viability.ResultsThe proportion of express neural stem cells marker Nestin, and neuronal markers class Ⅲ β-tubulin and MAP-2 was 83.54% after MSCs induced by bFGF-chitosan carriers.ConclusionbFGF-chitosan carriers can induce MSCs to differentiate into nerve cells with a high percentage.

The chiral separation of three triazole pesticides, i.e. diniconazole, triadimefon and triadimenol was studied on a Chiralcel OJ-H and a Chiralcel OD-H HPLC chiral columns. The optical rotation quality of diniconazole and triadimefon enantiomers was measured and the absolute configurations of individual enan-)tiomers) were further concluded. On this basis, the absolute configurations of the four triadimenol stereoisomers were deduced via the reductive experiment of triadimefon to triadimenol. Furthermore, the chiral stability of the three triazole pesticides in organic solvents and buffer solutions was investigated. The results showed the obvious enantiomerization was observed as for triadimefon in methanol, ethanol and water, whereas dinicona-)zole) and triadimefon were chiral stable in organic solvents and water. The enantiomerization of triadimefon would be accelerated at higher temperature and in alkaline media.