360 min,the risk of no-reflow phenomenon was decreased in patients with SOTB≤360 min(OR=0.2,95% CI:0.0-1.0,P=0.045).(2) Obesity was identified as an independent risk factor for peak concentration of CK-MB(?=117.3,95% CI:12.1-222.6,P=0.029).(3) Age(above 60 years old),obesity,and preprocedural Killip classification were identified as independent risk factors for postprocedural LVEF.Old age(?=-6,95% CI:-9.7--2.2,P=0.002) and obesity(?=-3.8,95% CI:-7.6--0.1,P=0.044)were associated with low LVEF but preprocedural cardiac function of Killip Class Ⅰ was associated with high LVEF(?=4.9,95% CI:0.4～9.4,P=0.033).(4) Preprocedural Killip classification and multivessel disease were independent predictors for major adverse cardiac event in the follow-up period.The risk of major adverse cardiac event during follow-up decreased in patients with preprocedural Killip class I compared with patients with Killip class Ⅱ~Ⅳ(OR=0.1,95% CI:0.0-0.7,P=0.022),but the risk increased in patients with multivessel disease compared with those who had single vessel disease(OR=10.5,95% CI:1.1-99.4,P=0.041).Conclusion The clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with AMI treated with primary PCI were associated with a variety of risk factors including age,obesity,multivessel disease,and preprocedural cardiac function.In addition,SOTB was related to postprocedural TIMI flow in patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI.

To make biomedical engineer comprehend deeply the cleaning and disinfection method of hemodialysis equipment,this paper discusses two factors determining cleaning and disinfection method,analyzes the impurities infecting dialysis' quality and treatment effect in hemodialysis system,and systematically introduces the daily cleaning and disinfection of hemodialysis equipment as well as its notice by citing Gambro AK95 series hemodialysis equipment.

Objective To provide precise data of encephalic pressure of the patients with higher encephalic pressure.Methods Through a hole bored in the proper position on the top of skull,a 1mm vessel,full of physiological saline,was inserted into the ventricle,whose outside was connected with the sensor through a 3-way stop cock.The sensor transformed the pressure into electrical signals and transmitted them to micro-computer C8051F020 for data processing.The value of pressure was then displayed on the LCD.Results Real-time and precise detection could be acquired by this intracranial pressure gage.Conclusion The digital intracranial pressure gage is easy-to-operate,simple and portable.

Objective To explore the clinical and coronary angiography features of female patients suffering from premature coronary heart disease by analyzing retrospectively the clinical data of those women who undertook coronary angiography before 55 years old in a period of 5 years. Methods Female patients under 55 years were enrolled. Data such as risk factors (including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, stroke, and metabolic syndrome), clinical findings (including blood pressure, serum lipid test on admission), and coronary angiographic images were collected to find the relationship between risk factors and coronary heart disease. Results The study had enrolled 166 cases with 71 cases (42.8%) of them diagnosed as coronary heart disease. In this group, the most important risk factors were diabetes, metabolic syndrome, history of hypertension, high level of serum TG and decreased HDL. At the same time, we found that the body mass index, LDLC level, TG level and blood glucose in CHD patients were significantly higher than those in non-CHD ones. Single vessel disease was the most popular pattern of these CHD patients. Conclusion History of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and hypertension were the most vital risk factors of CHD in this relative young female population.

In the isolated adult rat's ventricular myocytes and artificial bio-membrane-liposomes, the lipid peroxidation caused by generating system of free radicals (FeCl2 & ascorbic acid ) was significantly inhibited by Co Q10, and the inhibition effect of Co Q10 was both dose-and time-dependent. The results showed that Co Q10 had an antioxi-dation effect and served as a scavenger of free radicals at the level of membrane .

Objective: To assess the predictive value of coronary lfow reserve (CFR) for diagnosing coronary stenosis by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) in patients with hypertension.
Methods: A total of 132 patients scheduled for elective coronary angiography (CAG) due to chest pain were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Hypertension group,n=95 and Non-hypertension group,n=37. The CRF of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was measured by ATP stress TTDE at 2 days before CAG in all patients and the results were compared between 2 groups. ROC curve was conducted to assess CFR value in diagnosing LAD stenosis which was deifned by LAD luminal diameter stenosis ≥ 70% in relevant patients.
Results: The condition of LAD stenosis was similar between 2 groups (42.1% vs. 35.1%),P>0.05. The CFR value in Hypertension group was lower than that in Non-hypertension group (2.39 ± 0.86) vs. (2.87 ± 1.12),P<0.05. The ROC curve for diagnosing LAD stenosis in all patients were at 0.884 (95% CI 0.83-0.94,P<0.0001), in Hypertension group at 0.874 (95% CI 0.81-0.94,P<0.0001) and in Non-hypertension group at 0.915 (95% CI 0.82-0.98,P<0.0001). With the cut-off point of CFR ≤ 2.2, it had the diagnostic sensitivity, speciifcity and accuracy in all patients were at 80.3%, 83.5% and 80.3%; in Hypertension group were at 77.5%, 80.0% and 78.9%, in Non-hypertension group were at 69.2, 91.7% and 83.8% respectively.
Conclusion: The patients of hypertension combining chest pain had decreased CFR which implied the dysfunction of their microcirculation. CFR had the better diagnostic value for predicting the signiifcant LAD stenosis in such patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate trans-fatty acids (TFA)contents in bakery food and assess TFA intake via bakery food and its energy contribution in Beijing and Guangzhou city.METHODS Bak-ery food sa mples were collected in 201 1 ,standard GC-method were used to determine TFA content,da-ta of TFA content were analyzed by t-test to evaluate for statistically significant differences.Si mple distri-bution model(determinative risk assess ment)of TFA intake was used to calculate individual TFA intake per day(g·d -1 ,% of total energy)in different populations(grouped by ages).RESULTS Average TFA content was ranging fro m 0.01 to 0.83 g /100 g sa mple in various kinds of bakery food.TFA con-tents were equal to or lower than 0.3 g /100 g in 77.1 % of biscuits,71 .8% of bread,67.0% of pas-tries.Wafer biscuit,sandwich biscuit,puff,cake,and croissants had higher TFA contents than others, and the level was 0.65 -0.83 g /100 g sa mple.TFA content in sandwich biscuit and pie decreased sig-nificantly after 2007.Average TFA intake via bakery food was 0.049 g·d -1 in Beijing and Guangzhou city,energy contribution was 0.027% which was far below the WHO reco mmended level (1 %). Population that are 3 to 6 years old had highest TFA intake and the TFA energy contribution was 0.041 %.CONCLUSION Most of bakery products in China contained low levels of TFA;consequently, health risk caused by TFA intake in Beijing and Guangzhou was unlikely to be a concerned.However, so me type of bakery foods had higher TFA contents which could be of greater concerned for risk management.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and echocardiographic features of constrictive pericarditis. Methods: Thirty-six patients diagnosed as having constrictive pericarditis from Oct. 1989 to Jun. 2007 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinical manifestations and echocardiographic features were analyzed. Results: The main clinical manifestations were fatigue, effort dyspnea(100%), and sign of pressure elevation of vena cava(97%). Echocardiographic features included thickening of pericardium(67%), abnormal motion of septal and posterior wall of left ventricle in diastole(83%,75% respectively), left and right atrial enlargement(92%,39% respectively), early filling changes of mitral flow with respiration(93%), inferior vena cava dilation and without respiration variation(100%), mitral annulus paradoxical enhanced motion in early diastole. Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of pressure elevation of vena cava were indicators for diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Echocardiography could be a valuable method for confirming the diagnosis.

Objective To develop a new optometer controlled by micro-computer.Methods With AT89C51 single-chip as hardware and programmed by C language,the instrument applied,the optometer adopted LCD and international standard optotype.The optotype had 14 lines of object-finders,and only one line of random characters was displayed on the screen every time.The optometry distance was 3m.All procedures were controlled by singlechip.Results The case of memorizing eye-chart was avoided and the optometry was every simple.Conclusion The instrument eliminates mirror used for optometry short distance,and the optometry results can be stored and printed.It also has the merits of small volume,precise manufacture,simple operation,low cost and AC/DC power supply.

Objective To discuss the principle and clinical application of microcomputer optometer.Methods The optometer is composed of singlechip,handle and LCD.The eyesight is examined by selecting exposure of random sample eye-chart mark 'E' within direction keys on the handle.Results The optometer has the merits of simple manipulation,exact result,small cubage,AC/DC power supply and so on.Besides,it prevents the testee from remembering eye-chart.Conclusion The optometer can be extensively used in hospital,school,every work unit or even family.