Objective: To study the prevention and treatment of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) on atherosclerosis (AS). Method: The hypolipidemic effect of PSB on atherosclerosis (AS) in rabbits induced by high cholesterol diet was studied with Spirulina platensis as positive control. The content of liver TC,AS plaque area percentage (PA) and the emphraxis of coronary artery were determined. Results:PSB could significantly reduce the content of TC in liver, the liver index (LW/BW), and PA 63.99%, 21.96%, 70.10%, respectively, and remarkably abate the lipid aggregation in liver and the pathological changes of coronary artery. In comparison,PSB was better than Spirulina platensis. Conclusion:PSB can prevent the formation of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits.

Objective: To study the effect of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) on serum lipids and antioxidant capacity. Methods: The rabbits were fed high lipid diet to induce hyperlipidemia. The effect of PSB on hyperlipidemia was studied with Spirulina platensis as the positive control. The content of serum TC, TG , HDL-C, SOD activity, and the content of GSH, LPO were determined. Results: PSB could significantly reduce the content of TC,TG , LDL-C in serum, increase H/L and decrease AI ratio. Meanwhile, PSB could improve antioxidant capacity, as greatly increase blood SOD activity, GSH in blood and liver, and reduce serum LPO. In comparison, PSB was better than Spirulina platensis. Conclusion: PSB can significantly regulate lipid metabolism and improve antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic rabbits.

Objective Rats bladder ncNOS IR following intravesical instillation of capsaicin after chronic spinal cord injury(SCI) was studied to investigate the mechanism of ncNOS IR in pathological bladder. Methods 44 adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group,sham injury group and spinal cord injury group(4～5 weeks after T 8～9 spinalization).A dose of 1 mmol/L capsaicin was instilled in part of SCI rats.the distribution of ncNOS IR in bladder base,bladder body and bladder dome of all rats were examined. Results In rats,the ncNOS IR did not differ between the normal group (11.1?0.9) and the SCI group (12.8?1.3).Intravesical instillation of capsaicin significantly up regulated ncNOS IR in rat bladder of SCI group (26.1?2.7, P

Background and purpose:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) belongs to a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Its incidence rate in Asian country is higher than that in Western country. This disease is highly invasive, the pathogenesis of it is still unclear. Resent research shows that epstein-barr virus (EBV) is closely related to the occurrence of it. There is still no standard treatment guidelines of ENKTL, and the prognosis is very bad. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the pathogenesis of ENKTL. This study aimed to investigate the expressions of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum of ENKTL patients and their clinical signiifcances. Methods: Luminex liquid chip technology was used to detect the expression levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αin the serum of 67 ENKTL patients and 26 normal persons. Results:The expression levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αin the serum of 67 ENKTL patients were (564.1±387.6), (293.3±191.6) and (181.3±91.8)pg/mL, while in the normal persons were (1 097.0±365.7), (417.5±289.6) and (291.3±89.4)pg/mL, respectively. Compared with normal persons, the expression levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αin ENKTL patients were signiifcantly lower (P<0.05). Further study showed that the expression level of TNF-αin 5 complete remission ENKTL patients [(162.7±10.3)pg/mL] was significantly higher than that in initial treatment patients [(125.2±7.3)pg/mL, P<0.05]. Conclusion:The expressions of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αare reduced in the serum of ENKTL patients, and the serum expression level of TNF-αis closely related to the effect of chemotherapy.

Objective To study the characteristics and difference of speech rate in monologue and reading in normal adults .Methods Through the acquisition of spontaneous speech and reading from 30 normal adults ,the syl‐lables per minute (SPM ) and the words per minute (WPM )were separately calculated .The monologue materials in‐clude ten topics :self introduction hobby ,hometown and so on;the reading material was the stars in the sky written by Ba Jin .We also analyzed whether there was a significant difference in genders and types of expression for speech rates .Results With the expression of monologue :SPM (male)=226 .13 ± 25 .97 ,SPM (female)=198 .73 ± 40 .With the expression of reading :SPM (male)= 208 .93 .13 ± 29 .35 ,SPM (female)= 220 .53 .± 26 .52 ,WPM (male)=104 .67 ± 13 .43 ,WPM (female)=111 .80 ± 12 .73 .Pearson correlation coefficient of SPM and WPM had reached 0 .926(r=0 .926) in the spontaneous speech and 0 .969 (r=0 .969) in reading .There were no significant differences in both genders (P=0 .42) and types of expression(P=0 .72) .The interaction effect of genders and types of ex‐pression was significant (P=0 .006) .For females ,the rate of reading was significantly higher than monologue (P=0 .025);for monologue ,there was a significant difference between males and females(P=0 .035) .The male was higher than the female in the speed of monologue .Conclusion The statistics revealed a high correlation between SPM and WPM .Genders and types of expression did not play an important role on the speech rate .The interactioneffect of gender and type of expression was significantly high (P=0 .006) .

Objective By analyzing the graph features of fundamental frequency at different rates of/i/with continuously variable pitch and loundness made by normal adults,we could explore that the rate and gender have some impact on the graph to lay the foundation of regulating the clinical maximum counting ability.Methods Nor-mal adults of 51 (25 males,26 females were included).After each deep breathing,the subjects respectively took sustained speech/i/ with continuously variable pitch and lounolness twice at different rates of fast,medium and slow speed.Some parameters were measured byDoctor Speechat different rates of the tone/i/:Total time(T), Mean time standard deviation (MTSD),Mean wave crest (MWC),Mean wave trough (MWT),Mean frequency range (MFR),Mean frequency range standard deviation (MFRSD),comparing the speed having some effect on those above parameters with gender.ResuIts ①With the increasing rate of speech,the tone/i/of T (P<0.001), MFR (P<0.01)and MTSD (P<0.001)were significantly decreased,MWT significantly increased (P<0.001), While the MWC and MFRSD did not change significantly (P>0.05 ).②The tone /i/ of T (P>0.05 )were not effected by gender,female's MWT (P<0.001),MWC (P<0.001),MFR (P<0.001),MFRSD (P<0.01)were obviously higher than male's,while female's MTSD were significantly larger than male's (P<0.01).ConcIusion We should consider the impact of rate of speech and gender in clinical tests and values of MCA.The maximum counting capacity can be respectively tested at three different rates of speech for each subject,but only are the tone/i/of fun-damental frequency graphs with MWT,MWC,MFR,and MFRSD in normal range with corresponding speed and gender,can we get the value or can the value be valid.

Objective To explore the pathological and imaging characteristics of focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH) of liver.Methods 17 cases of FNH proven pathologically underwent triphase spiral CT scan,of them,10 cases underwent fast MR imaging.The pathological andimaging features were comparatively analysed.Results All lesions were a solitary globular or lobulated mass,the majority of cases wasapproximately 2~5 cm in diameter.On plain CT and MRI,FNH was classically seen as a solitary,homogeneous and slightly hypoattenuating or isoattenuating area in comparison with normal liver,slightly hyper-or isointense on T_2WI,intense homogeneous enhancement during the arterial phase of enhanced imaging,and hyperattenuating in 12 cases,hypoattenuating or isoattenuating in 6 cases in comparison with normal liver during venous and delayed phase.The central scar was showed in 11 cases during delayed phase and 8 cases showed delayed enhancement,4 cases had pseudocapsular like enhancement in delayed images.In histology,17 cases of FNH were well limited but nonencapsulated,the hyperplastic parenchyma of the liver was subdivided into small nodules surrounded by the fibrous septa,there was a central scar composedof fibrous connective tissue and malformed vessels of various caliber.Conclusion The typical FNH can be easily diagnosed,while theatypical cases should be differentiated from hepatocelluar adenoma,hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangiomas.

Objective To study the validity of a new material, to verify the influence of gender and age differences on normal school children, and give advice to establishing the norms of mean nasalance for normal school children.Methods The mean nasalance of 190 school children in Shanghai was obtained by reading the new, old material and the vowel /a/,/o/,/e/,/i/,/u/, and /ü/, the mean nasalance was analyzed for the standard deviations.The gender and age score differences were compared.Results The new material was more stable than the old.In the test of /i/ and/ü/and the nasal material, the girls'' MNS was higher than the boys''.In testing the vowels /a/,/o/,/e/,/i/,/u/, and /ü/and the new material, there were differences in different ages.Conclusion The validity of new material is more stable than the old.The MNS of the normal children in Shanghai show that it is higher for the girls than the boys, and also higher for the older children than for the younger.

Objective To evaluate the renal oxygenation in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) using BOLD MRI.Methods Twenty patients with untreated first-onset PNS and 18 healthy control subjects underwent BOLD MRI.The R2* of renal cortex and medulla were measured.Blood and urine samples were obtained on the day of MRI,and the patients underwent renal biopsy after MRI.The renal tubulointerstitial damage scores (TIDS) were determined using Katafuchi criteria.All patients received corticosteroids within 7 days after MRI and were followed up for 12 months.The difference of R2* levels between the PNS patients and controls were compared,and the correlations between R2* values and TIDS,laboratory parameters (eGFR,etc.) were tested.Results R2* values of renal medulla in PNS patients significantly decreased compared that of the controls (t =-9.270,P＜0.001).R2* values of renal medulla in PNS patients were negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.462,P=0.040) and positively correlated with TIDS (r=0.809,P＜0.001).There was a slight tendency for higher R2* values of renal medulla in individuals with poor prognosis.Conclusion BOLD MRI is a noninvasive method for the detection of renal oxygenation changes,which can evaluate the renal function and tubulointerstitial impairment,as well as prediction of the prognosis for PNS patients.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound in typing of epididymal tuberculosis on the clinical treatment . Methods The sonographic characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed in 125 patients with epididymal tuberculosis . Results In 125 patients with epididymal tuberculosis ,5 types were divided:( 1 ) Diffusive type ( 37 cases ) presented images of the epididymal diffuse enlargement , abnormal shape ,not smooth surface and inhomogeneous reduced in echogenicity ,13 cases were treated conservatively and 24 cases underwent surgical treatment after failure of conservative treatment . (2) Mass type (24 cases) showed images of hypoechoic mass lesion of caput epididymidis or cauda epididymidis ,4 cases were treated with surgical operation and 20 cases were treat with conservative therapy . (3) Abscess type ( 33 cases) manifested images of irregular liquid anechoic of caput epididymidis and cauda epididymidis , poor ultrasound penetration ,and unclear border . (4) Ulcer‐fistula type (9 cases) revealed images of liquid hypoechoic caput epididymidis or cauda epididymidis extend to the surface of the scrotum . ( 5) Testicular involvement type (22 cases) detected inhomogeneous hypoechoic mass lesion within the testicle and unclear border . The patients of abscess type ,ulcer‐fistula type and testicular involvement type were all treated surgically . Conclusions Ultrasonic diagnosis of epididymal tuberculosis provided a reliable basis for clinical treatment scheme and it was worth recommending .