Objective To develop grooming behavioral ethogram of fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster and to study its behavioral sequence.Methods Grooming behavior of fruitfly was observed by focal sampling and scan sampling,and the data analysis was carried out by software Ethom.Results A total of 15 types of grooming behavior were displayed by fruitfly,with no significant differences between genders.The front legs have significantly more transitions to front legs,and significantly less to wings and rear legs,similarly,the rear legs have significantly high transitions to rear legs and wings,but a significantly reduced transition to front legs.(Conclusion)The grooming behaviors of fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster are sterreotype behaviors with specific behavior sequences.

Objective To develop a method to analyze functional grouping cDNA microarray gene expression in microvessels and neurons from rat brain using laser capture microdissection(LCM). Methods Microvessels and neurons were captured using the PixCell ⅡLCM instrument. The total RNA was extracted from the LCM samples according to the manufacturer's protocol of RNAqueous-Micro kit. The total RNA were processed for one round of T7-based RNA amplification; cDNA probe were synthesized using gene-specific primer and labeled for cDNA microarray analysis. Results Amplified RNA from microvessels and neurons allowed us to measure 96 gene expression in functional grouping cDNA microarray. Conclusion LCM allowed us to harvest pure microvessels and neurons from their native tissue environment, combined with methods of T7 RNA amplification and gene-specific primer amplification so that we can analyze functional grouping cDNA profiling in LCM samples.

Objective To master the results of examination and evaluation of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Shanxi Province,and to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and treatment of the disease.Methods In 2012-2015,the prevention and control situation and condition survey were carried out in all coalburning-borne endemic fluorosis villages of 20 counties in Shanxi Province.A county-level self-inspection and a provincial-level spot-check were conducted to investigate the changes of improved stove and correct usage of the improved stove,and the correct drying of corn and pepper for human consumption.Children aged 8 to 12 were examined for dental fluorosis.The endemic areas were selected according to the Control Standards of Endemic Fluorosis in Endemic Areas (GB 17017-2010) and Eliminating Standards of Coal-burning Type Endemic Fluorosis,and dental fluorosis children was diagnosed based on the Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis method (WS/T 208-2011).Results Totally 3 371 villages and 716 683 households were investigated,the rates of the improved stove and the correct usage of the improved stove were 98.72％ (707 502/716 683) and 98.74％ (698 608/707 502);the correct drying rate of corn and pepper for human consumption was 99.85％ (715 605/716 683);the dental fluorosis rate of 8 to 12 years old children and the dental fluorosis index were 6.41％ (6 762/105 453) and 0.14.A total of 20 counties in the province,9 counties had reached the control standards,11 counties had reached the elimination standards.Provincial and municipal level checked a total of 57 towns,157 villages,and the results of the overall compliance rate was 87.26％ (137/157).Conclusions The prevention and control effect is obvious on coalburning-borne endemic fluorosis in Shanxi Province.Disease surveillance,health education,the management and maintenance work on defluoridation stoves are keys in control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis.

Objective To confirm whether taxotere combined with mild hyperthermia will have synergistic effects,and to explore their joint mechanism of action.Methods Firstly the effective concentration of taxotere was determined by using MTT method to observe the effect of docetaxel on proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Then three samples of in vitro cultured human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells were prepared,termed the the taxotere group,the taxotere plus mild hyperthermia group and the control group,and treated with effective concentration of taxotere exclusively or in combination with mild hyperthermia,or left without any special treatment.The taxotere plus mild hyperthermia group was subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the temperatures used (39.0 ℃,39.5 ℃,40.0 ℃,40.5 ℃,41.0 ℃) MTT assays were used to measure the proliferation and invasive capacity of the cells and their effective concentrations.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rates and any cell cycle changes in the control group.Western blotting was used to detect any changes in the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs),Bcl-2/Bax,heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and P-gp.Results The taxotere with mild hyperthermia group demonstrated a significantly higher rate of apoptosis than that in the taxotere and control groups.There were also more cells in the G2/M phase observed.Combining taxotere with mild hyperthermia was found after 24 h to have significantly increased p-ERK,p-JNK,p38,HSP-70 and P-gp protein levels and to have significantly decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in contrast with the other two groups.Conclusions Combining taxotere with mild hyperthermia showed synergistic effects in vitro.It seemed to be limiting the accumulation of MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase and activating the signal pathways of MAPKs while inhibiting the activation of Bcl-2/Bax signal pathways.Combining taxotere and mild hyperthermia can accelerate the expression of HSP70 and P-gp in MCF-7 cells.Hyperthermia might induce chemotherapy resistance.

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fracture showed shattered state of different degrees in the clinic. The medial cortex is often a lack of continuity. Indentation and lesser trochanter displacement often cause destruction of biomechanics of femoral calcar to different degrees. Under this condition, it is very important to perform detailed classification of fractures and to strictly master indication of dynamic hip screw. OBJECTIVE:To further analyze the reasons for failure of internal fixation with dynamic hip screw for intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS:Data of 82 patients with intertrochanteric fracture repaired by internal fixation with dynamic hip screw, who were treated at the Department of Orthopedics, Kangtai Branch of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from March 2004 to December 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. The reason for failure of internal fixation and prevention method were explored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for 4-48 months. Time of fracture healing was 12-38 weeks. Fixation failure was found in 12 cases, with an incidence of 15%. Of 12 failure cases, 7 cases affected hip screw cutting out femoral head neck (including 1 case combined with avascular necrosis of the femoral head), 1 case suffered from compression screw slipping out of the tube, 3 cases experienced screw pul ing out and breaking, plate loosening, and 1 case affected steel plate breakage. There were 1 case of Evans II type (8%), 3 cases of type III (25%), 5 cases of type IV (42%), and 3 cases of type V (25%). Lesser trochanter was not completely reset in 5 cases (42%). There were tip-apex distance>25 mm in 7 cases (58%) and early weight loading (3 weeks after fixation) in 1 case (8%). These data confirmed that the selection of indications, the degree of stability after reduction, accuracy of implant position and postoperative unreasonable exercise wil cause fixation failure of dynamic hip screw. Preoperative careful and comprehensive analysis, intraoperative precise operation and postoperative reasonable functional exercise are the keys to ensure success of fixation.

Objective To evaluate the effects of prevention and control measures on coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Shanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods In 2016, 7 diseased counties (cities) were selected in the whole province, three diseased townships were selected in each county(city), and five diseased villages were selected in each diseased township as the investigation sites. The investigation was carried out on the changes of improved stove and correct usage of the improved stove, and the correct drying behavior related to the corn and pepper for human consumption. Children aged 8 to 12 were examined dental fluorosis. In each village, 20 urine samples of 8 to 12 years old children were collected for fluorine determination. Urine fluoride was determined via the fluoride ion selective electrode method, and children dental fluorosis was diagnosed by "Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis" method (WS/T 208-2011). Results Altogether 105 villages were investigated, including 31 696 households. The rates of the improved stove and the correct usage of the improved stove were 98.46%(31 209/31 696)and 98.80%(30 834/31 209);the correct drying rate related to the corn and pepper for human consumption was 99.97%(31 685/31 696);the dental fluorosis rate of 8 to 12 years old children,and the dental fluorosis index were 5.56%(264/4 751) and 0.13. The urine fluoride content was between 0.15 - 4.33 mg/L and the geometric mean value of fluoride content was 0.72 mg/L. Conclusions The prevention and control effect is obvious on coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Shanxi Province. Disease surveillance,health education,the management and maintenance work of defluoridation stoves are keys in prevention of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of water improvement projects on drinking-water-borne endemic arsenism in Shanxi Province,to work out and refine sustainable prevention and control strategies.Methods The operating situation of water-improvement projects was investigated and monitored,and the arsenic content in drinking water was determined in drinking-water-borne arseniasis areas,which including 14 monitored sites in 5 countries from 2012 to 2017.The condition of arsenic poisoning in the resident population of the monitored sites was investigated and the arsenic content in the urine of patients was determined.Results Totally 14 monitored sites were already finished water improvement,the rate of water-improvement was 100％.Totally 11 water-improvement projects were monitored,including 7 small-scale water-improvement projects and 4 large-scale water-improvement projects,which all qualified and operated normally from 2012 to 2015.In 2016,one water-improvement project was found with excessive level (＞ 0.01 mg/L) of arsenic in drinking water in Shanyin County,and the other 10 water-improvement projects' arsenic contents were qualified.In 2017,two unqualified large-scale water-improvement projects had water arsenic content over (＞ 0.01 mg/L) in Shanyin County and Ying County,respectively.And the other 9 water-improvement projects were qualified.The detection rates of arsenic poisoning from 2012 to 2017 were 1.36％ (104/7 641),1.57％ (123/7 832),1.61％ (123/7 621),1.53％ (120/7 857),1.28％ (102/7 963) and 1.56％ (124/7 958),respectively,and the differences were not statistically significant (x2 =4.979 9,P ＞0.05).Most patients with arsenic poisoning were mild to moderate patients,accounted for 82.61％ (575/696) and no new case was detected.Conclusions Arsenic poisoning in drinking-water-borne arseniasis areas in Shanxi Province has been controlled.Natural operation of water-improvement projects has kept water arsenic levels normal.Water arsenic content has exceeded the standard in some of the water-improvement projects.The key point of next stage is strengthen the management of water improvement projects in prevention and treatment of drinking-water type endemic arsenism.

Objective:To explore the reasonable timing of radiotherapy for epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis in the era of third-generation targeted drugs. Methods:Clinical data of EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis who received first-line treatment with third-generation targeted drugs and stereotactic radiotherapy at Shanghai Armed Police Corps Hospital from September 2019 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the timing of radiotherapy before / after targeted drug resistance, all patients were divided into the early and salvage radiotherapy groups. The proportion of brain metastasis, physical fitness, complete response rate, objective response rate, delaying the progression of brain metastasis and overall survival (OS) were compared between two groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, log-rank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis, and factors with P <0.1 were included in Cox multivariate analysis. Results:A total of 85 patients were included, including 51 (60%) cases receiving early radiotherapy. Patients who participated in early radiotherapy had a higher proportion of symptomatic brain metastasis (82% vs. 56%, P=0.013) and poorer physical fitness (Kanofsky performance score <70: 61% vs. 26%, P=0.002) compared to patients who underwent salvage radiotherapy. Early radiotherapy significantly improved the complete response rate of intracranial lesions (35% vs. 12%, P=0.015) and objective response rate (88% vs. 71%, P=0.041), delayed the progression of brain metastasis (median intracranial progression free survival: 23.0 months vs. 16.0 months, P=0.005; median intracranial secondary progression free survival: 31.0 months vs. 22.0 months, P=0.021), and improved OS (median OS: 44.0 months vs. 35.0 months, P=0.046). In multivariate analysis, diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment score <2.5, mutation of EGFR exon 21, and salvage brain radiotherapy were adverse prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion:In the era of third-generation targeted drugs therapy, early involvement of stereotactic radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis can bring greater clinical benefits.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of recurrence after resection of thigh soft tissue malignant tumors and the evaluation of the postoperative lower limb function.Methods:A total of 211 patients who underwent thigh soft tissue malignant tumor resection in the Department of Orthopaedics of the second affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University from May 2011 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 117 males and 94 females, aged 53 (43, 65) years. There were 59 cases of atypical/well-differentiated liposarcoma, 30 cases of other types of liposarcoma, 33 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 19 cases of fibrosarcoma, 12 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, 12 cases of leiomyosarcoma, 9 cases of synovial sarcoma, and 37 cases of others. The tumor involvement of muscle, bone, blood vessel, nerve tissue and intermuscular compartment, postoperative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score and recurrence were recorded. The relationship between anatomical structure and postoperative recurrence was analyzed by Cox logistic regression to determine risk factors; the cumulative recurrence rate of different compartment groups (medial compartment, anterior compartment, and posterior compartment) were compared; The Box plot was used to compare the postoperative function of patients with resection of different anatomical structures (e.g., vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, femur, etc.).Results:A total of 34 out of 211 patients relapsed, with a recurrence rate of 16.1%. The recurrence time ranged from 2.6 months to 91.6 months after operation, with a median recurrence time of 37.0 (18.2, 52.8) months. Three independent risk factors were found to be associated with recurrence, namely: pathological grade [ HR=3.86, 95% CI(1.75, 8.51)], involvement of vastus intermedius [ HR=3.05, 95% CI(1.53, 6.06)], and involvement of vastus medialis [ HR=3.17, 95% CI(1.56, 6.41)]. The recurrence rate of patients with anterior chamber tumor resection was 35.3%, which was higher than that of patients without tumor resection (16.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.020). There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between patients with medial chamber tumor resection and patients without tumor resection ( P>0.05). The recurrence rate of patients with posterior compartment tumor resection was 12.3%, which was lower than that of unresectable patients (37.6%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.002).The postoperative MSTS score of 167 patients averaged 26±3.2 points (9-30 points). After intraoperative resection of part of the femur, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris, the patient's function was relatively poor [corresponding median MSTS score: 25 (23, 28), 26 (24 28), 26 (24,28), 26(24, 27)]. Conclusion:The risk factors for local recurrence after resection of thigh soft tissue malignant tumors include: pathological grade of the tumor, and whether the vastus intermedius or vastus medialis is involved. Anterior compartment tumors have a higher recurrence rate after surgery. If the tumor involves the above-mentioned anatomical structures, more attention should be paid to the risk of local recurrence after surgery.

Osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly will seriously reduce their quality of life and life expectancy. For osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, spinal reconstruction is necessary, which should comprehensively consider factors such as the physical condition, fracture type, clinical characteristics and osteoporosis degree. While there lacks relevant clinical norms or guidelines on selection of spinal reconstruction strategies. In order to standardize the concept of spinal reconstruction for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, based on the principles of scientificity, practicality and progressiveness, the authors formulated the Clinical guideline for spinal reconstruction of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in elderly patients ( version 2022), in which suggestions based on evidence of evidence-based medicine were put forward upon 10 important issues related to the fracture classification, non-operative treatment strategies and surgical treatment strategies in spinal reconstruction after osteoporosis thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, hoping to provide a reference for clinical treatment.