Objective To explore the possible mechanism of nitric oxide(NO) involved in iron-mediated cytotoxicity on renal tubular cells, meanwhile to estimate the effect of reactive oxygen sepcies scavenger on iron-mediated cytotoxicity and its relation to nitric oxide. Methods in this study, the relationship between NO production and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release were observed in primary subconfluent proximal tubular cells coincubated with different doses of NTA-Fe and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) alone or in combination. NO production was monitored by NO2 -- concentration in supernatant based on Griess reaction. Meanwhile, semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to detect the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA level induced by NTA-Fe and LPS together. In addition, experimental groups were exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers to determine the impact of the interaction between NO and ROS on iron-mediated cytotoxicity. Results After 12-hour coincubation, NTA-Fe could increase both LDH release and NO2 production in a dose-dependent manner (P 0. 05 ) although tubular injury was aggravated (P

Objective To observe the characteristics of electromyography of sphincter of Oddi (SO) in patients with cholelithiasis after common bile duct exploration,and investigate new methods for detecting the motility of SO.Methods The basal pressure of SO(SOBP)and electromyography of SO were detected in 33 patients with cholelithiasis who were reexamined at the Southwest Hospital from January to October,2010.All patients were divided into low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group.The amplitude,frequency and duration of SO spike burst(SOSB)of the three groups were compared.Results The numbers of patients in the low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group were 14,13 and 6,respectively.The mean SOBP of the low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group were(3.1±1.2),(18.5±7.6),(39.8±4.8)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).The amplitude,frequency and duration of SOSB were(41±27)μV,(5.8±1.6) times/minutes and(2.7±0.6)s in the low SOBP group,and(150±71)μV,(6.9±1.4)times/minutes and (3.4±0.7)s in the normal SOBP group,and(301±109)μV,(7.8±1.2)times/minutes and(4.2±0.7)s in the high SOBP group,respectively,with significant difference among the three groups(F=50.751,4.293,13.159,P<0.05).Conclusion The results of electromyography of SO could reflect the function of SO,and it is possible to be a prospective method in the clinical research of SO.

Objective To study the protective effects of tripterine on experimental lupus nephritis glomerulosclerosis.Methods Different doses of tripterine were injected peritoneally to BW F1 mice at different stages.The levels of 24 hour urine protein excretion and serum anti dsDNA antibodies,and the expressions of renal collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅳ,MMP 2,TIMP 2,and transforming growth factor (TGF) ? 1 mRNA were analyzed.Results ①Tripterine suppressed the development of proteinuria,decreased the level of serum anti dsDNA antibodies,reduced the local expressions of TGF ? 1,collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅳ,TIMP 2 and improved the expression of MMP 2 in murine kidney.②The use of tripterine before occurence of proteinuria got more obvious protective effects than it did after the occurence of proteinuria.③No significance was found between both 3 mg/kg (a week) tripterine treated and 6 mg/kg (a week) groups.Conclusion Tripterine has a definite protective effect on glomerulosclerosis of the lupus murine model.The decrease of renal collagen type Ⅰ and type Ⅳ is probably due to its suppressive effects on the expression of local TGF ? 1,TIMP 2 and its improvement effect on the local expression of MMP 2.

The protective effects of Da Chai Hu Granules (DCHKL) on islet cells which were incubated with 4 mmol x L(-1) alloxan (AXN) were studied. The viability of islet cells were measured with MTT. Insulin released into medium and in islets was detected by radioimmunoassay. Cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic gene Bax in islet cells were measured with RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Serum containing DCHKL can promote the activity of islet cells significantly (P < 0.01). Basal insulin secretion and high glucose-stimulated insulin secretion increased significantly (P < 0.01). Serum containing DCHKL can inhibit apoptosis of islet cells, the ratio of apoptosis was decreased. Serum containing DCHKL increased expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and decreased expression of Bax mRNA. DCHKL can significantly promote proliferation of islet cells and increase the amount of basal secretion of pancreatic islet cells and high glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The expression of Bcl-2 increased significantly. The expression of Bax decreased significantly. DCHKL have a protective effect on the islet cells.

Objective To discuss the treatment method and opportunity for patients with gallbladder stones and extrahepatic bile duct stones who failed endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP). Methods 12 patients, with gallbladder stones and extrahepatic bile duct stones, failed endoscopic stone extraction (ESE), underwent emergency one-stage laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Results All of the patients were successfully completed LC +LCBDE and stones were completely removed. Hyperamylasemia occurred in 3 cases and there was no bile leakage, intestinal leakage, cholangitis, pancreatitis, biliary bleeding and other complications. Conclusions Emergency LCBDE has been shown to be a safe and effective salvage procedure for failed ESE.

Objective To investigate the ameliorating effect of salidroside(SAL)on cisplatin(CIS)-induced damages of cochlear hair cells(CHC)and spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs)and its relationship with cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)/cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)pathway.Methods The cochlear basilar membranes of newborn C 57BL/6 mice were isolated and separated into control(C)group,CIS group,SAL group,SAL+SQ22536(cAMP inhibitor)group and SAL+H-89(PKA inhibitor)group,20 per group.Immunofluorescence staining was applied to observe the damages of CHC and SGNs.The kits were applied to detect the contents of ROS and cAMP in the basement membrane of the cochlea.Western blot was applied to detect the protein levels of PKA,p-CREB,CREB,Bcl-2,BDNF,and NF-M.Results CHC in CIS group were disorderly arranged and enlarged in size,SGNs had fragmented nuclei and lost neurites.SAL alleviated the damages of CHC and SGNs.Compared with the C group,the numbers of CHC and SGNs in the CIS group were less(P＜0.05),the contents of ROS and cAMP,and the levels of PKA,BDNF,NF-M,Bcl-2 proteins and p-CREB/CREB were higher(P＜0.05).Compared with the CIS group,the numbers of CHC and SGNs in the SAL group were higher(P＜0.05),the content of ROS was lower(P＜0.05),the content of cAMP,and the levels of PKA,BD-NF,NF-M,Bcl-2 proteins and p-CREB/CREB were higher(P＜0.05).Both SQ22536 and H-89 reversed the pro-tective effects of SAL on CHC and SGNs.Conclusion SAL may promote the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and neuroprotective factors by activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway to alleviate the damages of CHC and SGNs caused by CIS.

Objective To investigate the use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)one-stage approach in the treatment of gallstones complicated with calculus of common bile duct in a hybrid operating room.Methods 21 patients with gallstones complicated with calculus of common bile duct were selected to undergoing ERCP bile duct stone removal under total intravenous anesthesia or combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia,followed by LC.Results 18 successfully completed the one-stage surgery of ERCP combined with LC,3 were changed to laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE),there was no laparotomy,8 cases were complicated by hyperamylemia after surgery,and there were no serious complications such as pancreatitis,gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation.Conclusion It is safe and feasible to use ERCP combined with LC one-stage approach to treat gallstones complicated with calculus of common bile duct in the hybrid operating room,which simplifies the surgical process.