Objective To compare the changes in the management of severe preeclampsia during a ten-year period, and the maternal and perinatal outcome. Methods Totally, 305 cases of severe preeclampsia were collected in our hospital from January 1999 to December 2003. The management, mode of delivery, frequency of complications and maternal and fetal outcomes were compared with the 349 cases from January 1994 to December 1998. Results The incidence of severe preeclampsia, that being diagnosed at 0. 05], but the perinatal mortality rate of those cases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of aural/oral rehabilitation in the prelingual deaf children with cochlear implants, analyze the relationship between the age at the time of surgery and the rehabilitation effect, and explore the law of aural/oral rehabilitation in the prelingual deaf children after cochlear implantation. METHOD: Prelingual deaf children with cochlear implants were divided by age into 1.3-2.9 group (17 cases), 3.0-4.9 group(14 cases)and 5.0-7.9 group (26 cases). All the children were evaluated by CAP and SIR questionnaires 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after the surgery. RESULT: The scores of CAP and SIR in different age groups were all increased with time after cochlear implantation. The score of CAP in 1.3-2.9 group rose the fastest, which was lowest at the end of the 3rd month and was highest at the end of the 12th month. There were no differences between the CAP scores of 1.3-2.9 group and 5.0-7.9 group in the later test. The score of SIR rose the fastest in 1.3-2.9 group, which was lowest at the end of the 3rd month and highest at the end of the 12th month and rose the slowest in 5.0-7.9 group, which was lower than the other groups at the end of the 12th month. CONCLUSION Within one year after cochlear implantation, the younger the age, the better the effect of aural/oral rehabilitation.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Infant ; Postoperative Period ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE:To study the absorption features of Silymarin enteric coated-polyllactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in rat in situ intestine perfusion model and colonic adenoma Caco-2 cell model. METHODS:HPLC method was used to determine the content of silymarin. The absorption rate constant(Ka)and apparent absorption coefficient(Kapp)of Silymarin sus-pension,Silymarin PLGA nanoparticles and Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanoparticles were investigated in duodenum,jejunum, ileum and colon of rat in situ intestine perfusion model;the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of those drugs containing low-concentration,medium-concentration and high-concentration(20,40,60 μg/mL)of silymarin in Caco-2 cell model were also investigated. RESULTS:Compared with Silymarin suspension,Ka and Kapp of Silymarin PLGA nanoparticles and Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanoparticles were all increased in duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon(P<0.05);compared with the correspond-ing concentration Silymarin suspension,two-way Papp of Silymarin PLGA nanoparticles and Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanopar-ticles containing low-concentration,medium-concentration and high-concentration of silymarin were all increased in Caco-2 cell model (P<0.05);there was no statistical significance between Silymarin PLGA nanoparticles and Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanoparticles (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanoparticles can effectively increase the intestinal ab-sorption,cellular uptake and transmembrane transport rate of silymarin.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on acute allergic airway inflammation induced by IL-33 in mice.Methods Twenty-four female C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups: IL-33 model group, IFN-γ treatment group, IL-33+IFN-γ treatment group and PBS control group.A mouse model of acute allergic airway inflammation was induced by IL-33.Samples of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected.Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and eosinophils were analyzed by flow cytometry.Levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in the supernatants of lung homogenate and BALF were measured by ELISA.Expression of IL-5, IL-13 and ST2 at mRNA level was detected by real-time PCR.Pathological changes in lung tissues were observed following hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining.Results Compared with the PBS control group, no infiltration with inflammatory cells, goblet cell hyperplasia or mucus secretion was observed in the IFN-γ group;the numbers of ILC2s and eosinophils were not affected by IFN-γ;the levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in the supernatants of BALF and lung homogenate, and the expression of IL-5, IL-13 and ST2 at mRNA level in lung tissues were not significantly changed by IFN-γ (P>0.05).Compared with the PBS control group, massive infiltration with inflammatory cells, excessive mucus secretion, increased numbers of ILC2s and eosinophils, up-regulated levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in the supernatants of BALF and lung homogenate, and enhanced expression of IL-5, IL-13 and ST2 at mRNA level in lung tissues were detected in the IL-33 model group (P<0.05).Compared with the IL-33 model group, the combined treatment with IL-33 and IFN-γ significantly alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration, inhibited mucus secretion, reduced the numbers of ILC2s and eosinophils, down-regulated the levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in the supernatants of BALF and lung homogenate, and suppressed the expression of IL-5, IL-13 and ST2 at mRNA in lung tissues (P<0.05).Conclusion IFN-γ can inhibit the proliferation of eosinophils and ILC2s induced by IL-33, and reduce the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13, which indicates that IFN-γ has an inhibitory effect on acute allergic airway inflammation induced by IL-33 in mice.

Objective To detect the recombinant intermediates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) between genotype B and C in vitro. Methods Vector Plenti6/V5-D-topo-X was genetically modified by genotype B and C to transfect HepG2 cells. Then the HepG2 cells were amplified and sequence of the nucleic acid after the transinfection was tested and compared with RDP3Beta40 software package and bootscanning procedure in SimPlot program package. Results Three recombinant intermediates of HBV between genotype B and C were identified in vitro. Genotype C in the precore region plus the core gene spanning nucleotide positions from 1740-1838 to 2443-2485 contributed to the recombination with genotype B. Isolate R1 recombinant intermediate had 2 break points at nt2170-2172 and nt2188-2189. Nucleic acid changed from CAC to TGT and from GA to AC, respectively. Isolate R2 recombinant intermediate had a break point at nt1740-1 838, and 3 bases changed in different nucleic acid sites: from A to T at nt1740, from C to T at nt1753, and from G to A at nt1838, respectively. Isolate R3 recombinant intermediate had a break point at nt2443-2483, and 4 bases changed in different nucleic acid sites: from C to T at nt2443, from A to G at nt2452, from T to C at nt2480, and from C to T at nt2483, respectively. Conclusion The recombinant intermediates of HBV between genotype B and C have been detected in vitro and the changes have been identified in the precore region plus the core gene in genotype B and C.

Objective To evaluate the feasible cervical cancer screening strategies in rural China. Methods The study was based on the health industry scientific research project of National Health Commission in 2015, cervical cancer screening technology and demonstration research suitable for rural areas in China, we collected health economics and epidemiological parameters and established the unscreening model and screening model with Treeage Pro 2011 software. Combining with the data acquired from site investigation, including population screening, treatment-related clinical materials and cost data, we simulated the occurrence and the development of cervical cancer of rural women in China under different screening and intervention programs and predicted the screening effects [cumulative incidence, cumulative risk of disease, life years and quality adjusted life years (QALY), gains] and costs after 20 years, and using health economic evaluation analysis (cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, cost-benefit analysis). Screening programs included five screening strategies [visual inspection with acetic acid/lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI), careHPV, ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), careHPV+TCT, careHPV+VIA/VILI] and three screening intervals (1-year, 3-year, 5-year), a total of fifteen screening programs. Results Compared with no screening, fifteen screening programs reduced the cumulative incidence by 22.65%-51.76%. Compared with TCT or VIA/VILI, for the same screening interval, the reduced cumulative incidence, the amounts of life-year saved and QALY and benefits gained of careHPV were the highest. The cost-effectiveness ratios of these screening programs ranged (0.44-3.24)×104 Yuan per life-year saved, cost-utility ratios ranged (0.15-1.01)×104 Yuan per QALY, benefit-cost ratios ranged 7.73-59.10. The results of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios showed that VIA/VILI every five years, VIA/VILI every three years, careHPV every five years, careHPV every three years and careHPV every year were dominant programs. Conclusions VIA/VILI screening is cost-effective, careHPV is slightly more expensive but more effective. In rural China, careHPV screening every five years could be recommended. This study provides a basis for the determination of cervical cancer screening methods feasible for rural areas in China.

BACKGROUND:Superior lower limb mobility is regarded as one of the prerequisites for winning competitions.Wearable resistance training can effectively overcome the deficiency in the transfer efficiency of traditional strength training in enhancing lower limb mobility.Considering that the impact of wearable resistance training based on different body parts on lower limb mobility may have significant differentiated characteristics,it is particularly important to review and summarize the specific application strategies and acute and chronic intervention effects. OBJECTIVE:To comb and analyze acute and chronic intervention effects of wearable resistance training based on different body parts on lower limb mobility,in order to provide insightful and methodological references for optimizing application strategies for lower limb movement ability. METHODS:A literature search was conducted in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Web of Science,Medline,SPORTDiscus,and PubMed databases for publications up to October 2023.Chinese and English search terms were"arm,forearm,limb,leg,lower extremity,vest,trunk,resist,weight,load,sprint,agility,change of direction".A total of 60 articles were ultimately included for review after screening the retrieval results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Trunk loading of 6-20%of body mass is suitable for optimizing acceleration in sprinting,while trunk loading of≤6%body mass is suitable for optimizing high-speed running.A trunk load of 5%body mass is applicable for optimizing change-of-direction movement;forearm,calf,or thigh loading often uses 1%or 2%body mass.(2)Trunk loading optimizes the functional performance of the lower limb stretch-shortening cycle by increasing vertical load.This enhances the efficiency of ground reaction force utilization and strengthens the coordinated stability control of the whole body musculature.Forearm loading effectively enhances the driving force of the upper limb swing,improves the propulsive force of the lower limb sprint,and optimizes the efficiency of inter-limb coordination.Calf loading can impose restrictions on the function of the hip joint,thereby leading to localized load stimulation and compensatory functional enhancement in the knee or ankle joint.Thigh loading partially restricts the peak extension angle and speed of the knee joint,creates specific load stimulation at the hip joint,and significantly improves its rotational kinetic energy output.(3)During larger-angle change-of-direction movements,the impact of calf loading is more significant than thigh loading.Thigh loading stimulation helps to enhance power output,while calf loading stimulation aids in improving stability control and directional change.(4)Currently,wearable resistance training has been proven to be an effective way to improve sprint and change-of-direction performance.The methodological strategies to improve sprint performance are relatively mature,but the optimal application scheme to improve change-of-direction performance needs to be further refined and optimized.Further research is recommended to supplement this area.

Objective : To compare the tooth drift differences between different types of patients after orthodontic extraction for 1.5 months (45 days) without return to the clinic on time for some reasons. Methods: This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. A total of 84 patients had bilateral premolars extracted but were not bonded the bracket for some reasons. The upper and lower jaw dental models were cast, scanned, and reconstructed in 3D. Patients were divided into 12 groups based on extraction positions (first premolar or second premolar), jaw types (maxilla or mandible) and vertical facial types (average angle, high angle, or low angle). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes in the following five indicators in different types of patients who were interrupted for 1.5 months after extraction: anterior tooth crowding, width between canines, width between first molars, tooth extraction space, and overbite of anterior teeth. Results : The tooth extraction position, jaw type and vertical facial type had an effect on the reduction in tooth extraction space and anterior tooth crowding before and after the sudden emergent state (1.5 months after tooth extraction) (P<0.001), and the tooth extraction position and vertical facial type had an effect on the increase in anterior tooth overbite (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth was greater in patients with first premolars extracted than in those with second premolars extracted (P<0.001), and the drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in the maxilla was larger than that of the mandible (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in patients with high angles was more obvious than that of patients with average angles and low angles (P<0.001). Conclusion For orthodontic patients who have maxillary tooth extraction, first premolar extraction, and even high angles in the vertical facial type, the bilateral adjacent teeth are easier to drift, orthodontic treatment should be carried out soon after extraction, and attention should be given to anchorage control.

The facultative anaerobic and strict anaerobic microorganisms enriched and acclimated during the anaerobic digestion process are crucial for the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion system. Most of the problems encountered during running anaerobic digestion processes could be effectively improved via stimulation of microbial metabolic activity. Benefited from the rapid development of microbiome techniques, deeper insights into the microbial diversity in anaerobic digestion systems, e.g. the microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-environment interactions, have been gained. A complex and intricate metabolic network exists in the anaerobic digestion system of solid organic wastes. However, little is known about these interactions and the underlying mechanisms. This review briefly summarized the representative interactions between microbial communities during anaerobic digestion process discovered to date. In addition, typical issues encountered during the anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes and how microbes can tackle and alleviate these issues were discussed. Finally, future priorities on microbiome research were proposed based on present contribution of microbiome analysis in anaerobic digestion system.
Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Methane ; Microbial Interactions ; Microbiota ; Solid Waste

Objective: To evaluate the feasible cervical cancer screening strategies in rural China. Methods: The study was based on the health industry scientific research project of National Health Commission in 2015, cervical cancer screening technology and demonstration research suitable for rural areas in China, we collected health economics and epidemiological parameters and established the unscreening model and screening model with Treeage Pro 2011 software. Combining with the data acquired from site investigation, including population screening, treatment-related clinical materials and cost data, we simulated the occurrence and the development of cervical cancer of rural women in China under different screening and intervention programs and predicted the screening effects [cumulative incidence, cumulative risk of disease, life years and quality adjusted life years (QALY) , gains] and costs after 20 years, and using health economic evaluation analysis (cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, cost-benefit analysis). Screening programs included five screening strategies [visual inspection with acetic acid/lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI), careHPV, ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), careHPV+TCT, careHPV+VIA/VILI] and three screening intervals (1-year, 3-year, 5-year), a total of fifteen screening programs. Results: Compared with no screening, fifteen screening programs reduced the cumulative incidence by 22.65%-51.76%. Compared with TCT or VIA/VILI, for the same screening interval, the reduced cumulative incidence, the amounts of life-year saved and QALY and benefits gained of careHPV were the highest. The cost-effectiveness ratios of these screening programs ranged (0.44-3.24)×10⁴ Yuan per life-year saved, cost-utility ratios ranged (0.15- 1.01)×10⁴ Yuan per QALY, benefit-cost ratios ranged 7.73-59.10. The results of incremental costeffectiveness ratios showed that VIA/VILI every five years, VIA/VILI every three years, careHPV every five years, careHPV every three years and careHPV every year were dominant programs. Conclusions VIA/VILI screening is cost-effective, careHPV is slightly more expensive but more effective. In rural China, careHPV screening every five years could be recommended. This study provides a basis for the determination of cervical cancer screening methods feasible for rural areas in China.