Objective: To study the influence of ligating different sites of carotid arteries on face and nose blood flow in rabbits. Methods:Different levels of carotid arteries were ligated using laser Doppler flowmetry to observe the change of blood flow in face and nose regions before and after operation. Results: Blood flow of rabbit nose was more than that of the face region. Among the four operations of ligating different blood vessels to reduce blood flow of face and nose region, the most effective method was to ligate ipsilateral carotid artery and its branches on the same side. Conclusion: Ligation of some relating blood vessels, resulting in the establishment of collateral circulation, and the blood flow is quicker in the early stage. [

Objective To investigate the role of soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) in Fujian province.Methods A total of 80 patients with MG and 80 sex-and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study .MG patients were divided into non-glucocorticoid treatment group and glucocorticoid treatment group , and the latter was further divided into immunosuppressive therapy group and thymusectomy group .Concentrations of sCTLA-4 in ser-ums from above mentioned groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The concentrations of sCTLA-4 in both non-glucocorticoid treatment group and glucocorticoid treatment group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (6.03 ng/ml±3.58 ng/ml, 3.44 ng/ml± 2.36 ng/ml vs.0.49 ng/ml±0.95 ng/ml) (χ2=100.67, P<0.001), but sCTLA-4 concentrations in glu-cocorticoid treatment group were lower than those in non-glucocorticoid treatment group (Z=-3.37,P=0.001).With the treatment of glucocorticoid, the sCTLA-4 concentrations were reduced (6.03 ng/ml± 3.58 ng/ml vs.4.56 ng/ml±2.08 ng/ml;t=3.10, P=0.005), and the concentrations of sCTLA-4 were also decreased after thymusectomy therapy (3.86 ng/ml±2.53 ng/ml vs.2.59 ng/ml±2.37 ng/ml; Z=-2.21, P=0.04).However, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of sCTLA-4 before and after immunosuppressive drugs treatment (Z=-1.26,P=0.21).Conclusion The concentration of sCTLA-4 was increased in patients with MG , but with the treatment of glucocorticoid or thymusectomy it could be reduced .

AIM: There has been accumulating evidence demonstrating that activators for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) have antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, and vasodilatory actions. We investigated the effect of PPAR? activator, fenofibrate, on trombin-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in cultured vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were treated with the PPAR? activator, fenofibrate. The ET-1 concentrations were evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the ET-1 mRNA expression. RESULTS: Thrombin(10U/L) induced ET-1 release in BAECs [(22.4?4.7) nmol/g protein vs control (13.2?1.6) nmol/g protein, P

Eight cases of hypothyroid myopthy admitted in Zhanshan Hospital Xiamen University from 1995 to 2011 were retrospectivrely analyzed.The main clinical features were proximal muscle weakness,susceptibility to fatigue,and elevation of muscle enzymes.Electromyography revealed no specific findings.All patients obtained clinical recovery after thyoid hormone replacement.Hypothyroid myopathy should be considered in cases of muscle weakness and elevation of muscle enzymes.

Objective:To promote the hearing, improve the appearance, shorten the therapeutic course in congenital malformation of external and middle ear,the program of primary restoration has been designed. Method:Under general or local anaesthesia a Z-shaped incision is made in skin. After turn up the flap A(defective ear)and flap B(retroauricular skin), a periosteal flap C with pedicle in front is made and elevated from mastoid.Then made frameworklize on mastoid and perform tympanoplasty. Once the myringograft is put properly the flap C is turn into the mastoidal cavity to serve as the lining of anterior wall. Flap A is sutured with the edge of retroauricular incision to serve as the lower part of new auricle. Then use the flap B to wrap a siliceous frame to make the upper part of new auricle.Finally,the naked walls of mastoidal cavity are lined with free skin graft and the cavity is packed with vaseline gauze for two weeks. Result:Two cases of congenital malformation of external and middle ear were treated with the procedure mentioned above and were followed up for one and 3 years respectively. Both effects of shape and hearing were good.Conclusion:The primary restoration for congenital malformation of external and middle ear designed by the authors is an excellent method worthy to be recommended.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of plasma gelsolin in the prognosis of patients with ST-sgement elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) and undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) .Methods The study included 206 patients with STEMI and undergone primary PCI, 148 patients with stable angina pectoris and received elective PCI and 80 healthy volunteer as the health population (NP) control.Blood samples were taken at admission on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 to determine the plasma gelsolin level .Patients′baseline clinical characteristics , blood biochemistry tests results , details of operation and their cardiovascular risk factors were recorded .Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within one year were recorded.Results (1) Compared to the stable angina group and the NP group, the level of plasma gelsolin of STEMI patients were obviously decreased at various time points ( all P<0.05 ) .There were no statistical differences between the stable angina group and the NP group .( 2 ) Patients with STEMI were catagorized into MACE group (n=78) and non-MACE group (n=128) according their follow up record in 1 year.The level of plasma gelsolin in patients with MACE were lower than the non-MACE group ( P <0.05 ) with the minimum value detected on day 7.Among patients complicated with MACE (n=78), they were further devided into the deceased group (n=18) and the survival group (n=60).Plasma gelsolin levels were lower in the deceased group with satistical differences found on day 5, 7 and 9.(3) Single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of plasma gelsolin on day 7 was independent risk factor of MACE within one year ( P =0.014 ) .( 4 ) Setting the cutoff value of plasma gelsolin on day 7 as 21.7 mg/L,the sensitivity and speciticity for the MACE in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI within one year were 82.1%and 81.4%respectively , with the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve ( ROC ) was 0.854 ( 95% confidence interval 0.732 -0.961 , P <0.01 ) . Conclusions Plasma gelsolin levels are correlated with the severity of STEMI lesions and plasma gelsolin can be used as predicting factor of prognosis .

Objective： To study the application of DSA in the diagnosis and treatment of ENT diseases. Methods： The diagnostic and therapeutic roles of DSA in ENT patients admitted from November 1995 to December 1999 were retrospectively studied. Results： Therapeutic vascular embolization using DSA was performed in 9/10 patients with severe epistaxis. The treatment was successful in 8/9 patients with a successful rate of 88.89%; embolization of tumor supplying vessels using DSA as a preoperative measure for reducing operative blood loss in 3 patients with nasopharyngeal fibrohemangioma obtained a total success; diagnosis was clarified in 2 patients using DSA. No patients were with severe complications. Conclusion： DSA is not only a safe and effective measure for diagnosis and therapy, but also effective in differential diagnosis of space occupying lesions. Preoperative selective embolization of tumor supplying arteries can reduce operative blood loss.

Objective:To explore the expression and distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in laryngeal nerve degeneration and regeneration. Methods:Transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerves in 8 dogs and suture following transection in 12 cases were performed. Both proximal and distal ends of transected or sutured region were sectioned at various survival times for CNTF immunohistochemistry and CNTF mRNA in situ hybridization. The area and intensity of reactive product were measured by computer image processing system. Results:After nerve transection, reactive product of CNTF mRNA and its protein reduced rapidly in distal stumps, after neurorrhaphy, they were observed in thin Schwann cell processes ensheathing axons and not found in the proliferating Schwann cells which didn′t ensheathe axons. CNTF immunoreactivity was also detected in the regenerated nerve axons. CNTF expression increased with survival time, but even at the longest survival time, it was still significantly less than that in intact nerve. The same change was observed in a short segment proximal to the transected or sutured region. Conclusion:CNTF expression is in the down regulation and is collected with Schwann cell axon in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration. The changed distribution of CNFT might provide a supportive environment for axonal regeneration.

Objectives To explore therapeutic effect,indication and timing of nerve decompression for traumatic recurrent laryngeal nerve injury inducing vocal cord paralysis. Methods A total of 42 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury inducing vocal cord paralysis within six months, were divided into nerve decompression group (15 cases), end to end anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve group (six cases) and nonsurgical treatment (21 cases). Nerve decompression was performed in the patients who were operatively found to have compressing sutures or compression due to cicatricial hypertrophy. Results In 13 patients with a course less than four months, nerve decompression restored normal functional adductory and abductory motion of the vocal cord in 11 patients and motionless in two. Although functional motion of vocal cord was not seen in two patients with a course less than four months and two longer than four months, the mass and tension of the reinnervated vocal cord became much the same as the contralateral normal vocal cord, thus resuming symmetric vibration of the vocal cords and physiological phonation. End-to-end anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve failed to restore motion of the glottis. Nevertheless, the procedures enabled adductory muscles to be reinnervated and then restored normal voice. Although nonsurgical treatment improved severe hoarseness, the vocal cord didn't restore normal functional motion of the vocal cord and normal voice. Conclusions Early and mid-stage recurrent laryngeal nerve decompression may restore normal motion of the vocal cord. End-to-end anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve enables adductory muscles to be reinnervated and thus restores normal voice.

Objective To investigate laryngeal reinnervation for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury caused by thyroid surgery. Methods Included in this series were 42 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, undergoing nerve decompression in 8 cases, end-to-end anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve in 6, anastomosis of main branch of ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve in 21, end-to-end anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve in 6 cases, phrenic nerve graft combined with nerve muscular pedicle (NMP) technique or nerve decompression in 7. All cases were subjected to preoperative and postoperative videolaryngoscopy, voice recording, acoustic analysis and electromyography. Results In 5 patients with unilateral injury and with a course less than four months, nerve decompression restored functional adductory and abductory motion of the vocal cord. Although functional motion of vocal cord was still absent in two patients receiving nerve decompression with a course longer than 4 months and in one less than 4 months, and in all cases with unilateral vocal cord paralysis receiving ansa cervicalis anastomosis and end to end anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve, these procedures did result in symmetric vibration of the vocal cords and physiological phonation. Good inspiratory abductent motion of the glottis was observed on the reinnervated sides by the phrenic nerves in 6 cases with bilateral vocal cord paralysis and the vocal cord excursion was from 3 to 5 mm. On the opposite reinnervated sides, 2 cases with nerve decompression restored functional adductory and abductory motion of the vocal cord; while 4 cases with NMP technique restored only slight abductent motion or no motion. These patients have achieved sufficient airway so that exercise to tolerance for daily activities is adequate without a tracheotomy. In no case was the voice weakened, no was there any problem with aspiration. Conclusions Nerve decompression seems to be the best procedure in laryngeal reinnervation; Main branch of ansa cervicalis technique achieves satisfactory reinnervation of adductor muscles; Phrenic nerve graft yields more satisfactory vocal cord abductory motion than NMP technique. Selection of the laryngeal reinnervation protocols should depend on the course, severity, type of nerve injury.