BACKGROUND: Qinggong changchun dan (QGCCD) capsule has efficacy in profiting kidney-yang and bettering muscle or bone, it could treat debility, deficiency of energy, forgettery and tiredness and the ache of waist or knee in clinic.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of QGCCD capsule on stress capability of mice with kidney-yang deficiency.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College (Key Laboratory of Research and Exploiture of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hebei Province).MATERIALS: Totally 60 stirp Kunming mice, weighting 19-21 g, of either gender, of grade Ⅱ, were selected in this study.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chengde Medical College from February 2002 to December 2002. Totally 160 Kunming mice of either gender were randomly divided into three groups:Swimming endurance group (n=60), tolerance of hypoxia at normal pressure group (n=50) and single macrophage function group (n=50); and mice in each group were divided into 5 subgroups, including 0.25, 0.5,1.0 g/kg QGCCD groups, model control group and normal control group.Mice were fasted for 12 hours and injected with 25 mg/kg hydrocortisone for 7 successive days to establish yang-deficiency model. Various dosages of QGCCD were given with the same volume of 20 mL/kg for 7 successive days. Mice in model control group were treated with the same volume of saline. Forty minutes later, testes of swimming tolerance, tolerance time of anoxia and engulfment capability of macrophage were performed on mice [To take 20 μL blood in the eyepit vein plexus after the mice were injected 2 minutes and 10 minutes later respectively, and to count the charcoal particle expurgation index (K) of macrophage] to observe effect of various dosages of QGCCD on swimming tolerance, tolerance time of anoxia and engulfment capability of macrophage.RESULTS: Data of totally 160 mice was entered the final analysis without normal control group were longer than those of mice in model control group [(10.94±3.79), (13.68±5.62), (14.58±5.49), (16.12±2.35), (6.45±4.87) minutes;ia of mice in 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g/kg QGCCD groups and normal control group were longer than those of mice in model control group [(19.45 ±4.63),(21.18±4.25), (22.58±5.21), (23.12±4.78), (12.35±4.89) minutes; t=1.566,macrophage and K index of mice in 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g/kg QGCCD groups and normal control group were higher than those of mice in model control group (0.023 6±0.010 6, 0.029 1±0.0092, 0.030 8±0.008 6, 0.031 8±0.010 1, 0.012 5±0.008 1; t=2.63, 4.282, 4.898, 4.714, P ＜ 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: QGCCD can prolong the swimming time of mice obviously, prolong tolerance time of anoxia according to dosage dependence,increase engulfment capability of macrophags, and strengthen stress capability of mice with kidney-yang deficiency.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a novel mechanical system that provides respiratory and/or hemodynamic support to patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure.These patients generally develop a state of increased metabolic activity accompanied by elevated catabolism of protein and negative nitrogen balance.Moreover,provision of adequate nutritional therapy is hard to achieve due to various factors.Nutrition support for these patients is hence a critical issue.This article provides a brief overview of the current literature regarding nutritional support during ECMO in adult patients,as no current guidelines address this issue.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of 99Tcm-ECD SPECT for hyperacute cerebral ischemia using rats models.Methods A stable and permanent acute cerebral ischemia model using unilateral middle cerebral occlusion was tested in 24 healthy SD rats.The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the time duration between imaging and induced-ischemia (1,2,3,4,5 and 6 h,respectively).The rats were sacrificed immediately after 99Tcm-ECD SPECT/CT imaging and then the brain tissue was dissected for triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and HE staining.The count ratio of affected cortex to the contralateral cortex of ＜ 50％ was defined as ischemia on micro SPECT/CT.The volume of the ischemic area was calculated on both SPECT/CT and TTC images.Paired t test was used to determine the statistical difference between the volumes on SPECT/CT and TTC staining.Results The ischemia volume evaluated by TTC staining at 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 h after occlusion was (73.98 ± 27.76),(90.75 ±29.00),(135.00±40.83),(136.25±22.51),(158.50±32.72) and (168.00±32.75) mm3,respectively.The corresponding ischemia volume evaluated by micro SPECT/CT was (98.50 ± 27.77),(110.40±26.80),(157.00±36.82),(165.50±26.54),(175.75±31.16) and (177.25 ±34.33) mm3,respectively,which was concordant with that by TTC staining at each time point (t:-1.681 to-0.390,all P ＞0.05).The ischemic area on micro SPECT/CT imaging was consistent with the pink area by TTC staining.The volume evaluated by micro SPECT/CT tended to be constant 3 h after the occlusion.The ischemia volume showed no significant difference among 3,4,5 and 6 h (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Micro SPECT/CT may have an haemodynamic value for evaluating in vivo cerebral ischemia applied in a rat model.It might have clinical value for the evaluation and decision-making of ultra acute cerebral infarctions.

Objective To evaluate the effect of SAHA or/and PTX on survival and apoptosis of human paclitaxel-resist-ant ovarian cancer OC3/P cells, and explore whether the combination of two drugs has a synergistic effect .Methods The morphology of OC3/P cells in different drug-groups was observed by inverted microscope .Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay.The apoptosis rate was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay.Results The morphology change of OC 3/P cells treated with different drug was observed by inverted microscope , and the change in combination group was more signif-icant than one drug alone group .The result of cell survival measured by MTT assay showed that inhibition rate of combina -tion group was more higher than one drug alone group (P<0.05).The analysis of factorial design and gold formula method all proved that the two drugs had synergy .Further the result of flow cytometry showed that apoptosis rate in combination group was significantly higher than SAHA or PTX alone group (P<0.05).Conclusion SAHA and PTX can inhibit the survival and induce apoptosis of OC 3/P cells, and two drugs have synergistic antitumor effects .

Objective To evaluate the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SAHA) or/and paclitaxel(PTX) on lethality and autophagy of human ovarian cancer OC3 cells,and to explore whether the combination of the two drugs has a synergistic function.Methods The morphology of OC3 cells was treated with SAHA and/or PTX, and then the morphology of treated OC3 cells was observed under an inverted microscope, cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and autoph-agy was analyzed by AO/EB double staining assay.The synergistic effect of SAHA and/or PTX was analyzed by factorial design and gold formula method.Results After treatment with SAHA and/or PTX, the morphology of OC3 cells in the combination group ( SAHA+PTX) displayed significant morphological changes.OC3 cells became less adherent and refrac-tive than in other groups.Cell proliferation by MTT assay demonstrated that the growth inhibition rate of the combination groups was higher than in groups treated with SAHA or PTX respectively( P<0.05) .Furthermore, the synergistic effect af-ter treatment with a combination of SAHA with PTX was proved by the factorial design and gold formula method.The auto-phagy rate of the combined groups was significantly higher than in single treatment groups (P<0.05) by AO/EB double staining.Conclusion SAHA and PTX can inhibit the survival of OC3 cells and induce its autophagy.The two drugs have synergistic antitumor effects.

Objective To investigate the alterations and phenotypes of dendritic cells, inflamma-tory monocytes and macrophages in immunocompetent mice during Pneumocystis murina ( P.murina) infec-tion for further analysis of the function of these cells during P.murina infection.Methods Wild type male C57BL/6 mice at age 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups including the group with P.murina infection and the group receiving sham surgery.The mice without any intervention were used to set up the blank control group.The loads of P.murina strains in lung tissues of each mouse were quantified by TaqMan real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction after the infection.Histopathological examination was per-formed to evaluate the degree of inflammation in lung tissues.The numbers of dendritic cells, inflammatory monocytes and macrophages in lung tissues, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples, and the changes of inflammatory monocytes in spleen tissues were measured by flow cytometry analysis.The expression of major histocompatability complexⅡ(MHCⅡ), CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and CC chemokine re-ceptor 2 ( CCR2 ) by dendritic cells, inflammatory monocytes and macrophages in lung tissues during P.murina infection were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis.All of the data were collected one, two, three and four weeks after the corresponding treatments.Results The loads of P.murina strains in P.murina in-fected mice were elevated after two and three weeks infection, but decline at week 4 (P>0.05).Significant pathological changes including the alveolar destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration and thickened alveolar septum in mice with P.murina infection were observed under a microscope at week 3 and week 4.Compared to the sham surgery treatment group, the number of CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells were increased in lung tissues, but decreased in blood samples during P.murina infection ( P<0.05) .The levels of inflammatory monocytes in blood samples fell at week 3 and then rose at week 4 during P.murina infection (P<0.05). No significant difference with the change of macrophages in mice was observed during P.murina infection ( P>0.05).The CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells in lung tissues of mice with P.murina infection expressed high levels of MHCⅡand CX3CR1, and low levels of CCR2.The inflammatory monocytes in lung tissues of mice expressed high levels of CCR2, moderate levels of MHCⅡand low levels of CX3CR1 during P.murina in-fection.High levels of CX3CR1 and low levels of MHCⅡ and CCR2 were observed in macrophages from lung tissues of mice with P.murina infection.Conclusion Highly expressed CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells and MHCⅡwere detected in lung tissues of mice during P.murina infection, indicating that CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells were involved in the host defense against P.murina infection.

Objective:To summarize the ultrasound characteristics of incarceration of gravid uterus (IGU) for improving the diagnostic accuracy of IGU.Methods:Three cases of IGU patients were diagnosed in Peking University Third Hospital from May 2018 to May 2020. CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database and PubMed were searched using the search terms "incarcerate uterus" or "uterine incarceration" and "gravid" through January 2000 to July 2020, 53 IGU cases were found. The ultrasound data and outcomes of the 56 IGU patients were retrospectively analyzed. The display rate of various ultrasonic features were counted. Relevant literatures were reviewed and the experience were summarized.Results:Of the 56 cases with IGU, 45 cases (80.4%) had positive results, of which 34 cases (60.7%) were found abnormal cervix(elongated anteriorly and superiorly displaced cervix or poorly visualized cervix), 27 cases (48.2%) were found retroversion of the gravid uterus, 12 cases (21.4%) were found that the fundus of the uterus lay deeply in the Douglas pouch, 4 cases (7.1%) were found anteriorly and superiorly displaced bladder. There was statistically significant difference between the displaying rates of abnormal cervix and retroversion of the gravid uterus(χ 2=5.452, P<0.05). Conclusions:Abnormal cervix was the most common feature of IGU by ultrasound. Correct identification of the cervix is helpful to improve the detection rate of IGU.

This study investigated the ability of millimeter-wave (MMW) to promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into cells with a neural phenotype. The BMSCs were primarily cultured. At passage 3, the cells were induced by beta-mercaptoethanol (BME) in combination with MMW or BME alone. The expressions of nucleostemin (NS) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting respectively to identify the differentiation. The untreated BMSCs predominately expressed NS. After induced by BME and MMW, the BMSCs exhibited a dramatic decrease in NS expression and increase in NSE expression. The differentiation rate of the cells treated with BME and MMW in combination was significantly higher than that of the cells treated with BME alone (P<0.05). It was concluded that MMW exposure enhanced the inducing effect of BME on the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with a neural phenotype.

In our previous study, we identified a novel testis-specific expressed gene 2 (TSEG-2) from mouse testis. To further investigate its functions, 35 male Balb/c mice (8 weeks old) were divided into cryptorchidism group (n=20), sham group (n=10), and control group (n=5). In cryptorchidism group, the right testes were anchored to the inner lateral abdominal wall. In situ hybridization (ISH) was applied to measure the localization of TSEG-2 in mouse testis. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of TSEG-2 gene. Meanwhile, under the mediation of polyethylenimine (PEI), the recombinant vector pEGFP-TSEG-2 (n=5) or empty vector (mock, n=5) was transfected into the testis of male mice. The transfection efficiencies were measured under a fluorescence microscope. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). The results showed that TSEG-2 was expressed in convoluted seminiferous tubules, more precisely, in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. As compared with sham and control groups, the TSEG-2 transcription was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and was correlated with apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in cryptorchid testes (P<0.05). PEI was efficient in mediating transfection of TSEG-2 into seminiferous tubules of testis. One week post-transfection, intratesticular injection of TSEG-2 resulted in increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in vivo (P<0.05). These results indicate that TSEG-2 may participate in the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism.

Objective To analyze the ultrasonic features of gynecological emergency and severe cases.Methods To analyze 431 cases in clinical,ultrasonic images and examination data of gynecological emergency and severe patients in Peking University Third Hospital from September 2014 to September 2015,and to study clinical pathological and ultrasonic imaging examination.Results In 431 severe cases of gynecologic emergency,the clinical symptom were shown as acute abdominal pain or and vaginal bleeding.They were divided into seven types by clinical examination,operation or conservative treatment under dynamic observation.There were 137 cases of fracture disease,accounting for 31.8％,with corpus luteum rupture in 67 cases,ectopic pregnancy burst in 59 cases and tumor rupture in 11 cases.There were 114 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease,accounting for 26.5％,with hemorrhagic disease of department of gynaecology in 67 cases (15.5％),dysfunctional uterine bleeding in 39 cases,cervical cancer in 11 cases,submucosal myoma in 7 cases,endometrial carcinoma in 6 cases,carcinosarcoma in 4 cases.There were 58 cases of early pregnancy related diseases,accounting for 13.5％.Among them,32 cases were incomplete abortion,and 21 cases were inevitable abortion and 5 cases were hydatidiform mole.Forty-six cases were torsion of pedicle (10.6％).Five cases were genital tract malformation,accounting for 1.2％,with vaginal septum obliquumevery 4 cases and cervical atresia in one case.There were damages after the operation in 4 cases (0.9％),uterus perforation in 2 cases,abdominal wall hematoma in 1 case after cesarean section,and false aneurysm in 1 case after cesarean section.In the 431 cases,there was emergency surgery oroperation after symptomatic treatment in 329 cases,interventional treatment in one case and non-operative treatment in 101 cases.Conclusions There are corresponding typical ultrasonographic characteristics in different diseases of emergency and severe gynaecologic cases,combined with clinical symptoms and medical history.The right diagnosis can be made.Therefore,there are important clinical values of ultrasound in the treatment of emergency and severe gynecologic cases.