Objective To investigate the role of activated cylic AMP(cAMP) signaling in chemical-induced podocyte injury.Methods Eight-weeks-old male BalB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group,Adriamycin (ADR) group and Forskolin+ADR group.ADR nephropathy models were established by tail intravenous injection,and part of them were injected Forskolin,an agonist of adenylate cyclase,intraperitoneally.Phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was detected by laser confocal microscopy,morphology of foot processes were determined with transmission electron microscope,and WT-1 expression in glomeruli were detected by immunohistochemistry.Conditionally immortalized podocytes were treated with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN),Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) agonist 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP (2Me),protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist H89 and its agonist pCPT-cAMP(pCPT).Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of Epac,caspase3 and cleaved caspase3.PKA activity was assayed using cAMP-dependent protein kinase detection system.Cell viability was determined by a cell count kit and podocyte apoptosis was estimated by TUNEL staining.Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by JC-1 staining.Results (1)Compared with ADR group,the urine albumin decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05) among Forskolin + ADR group and the WT-1 positive cells per glomerulus increased obviously (P ＜ 0.05).(2)PAN decreased podocyte number in a time-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05),pre-treatment with pCPT obviously inhibited PAN induced podocyte decrease (P ＜0.05),but H89 prevented the effect of pCPT in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).(3)JC-1 staining showed that the percentage of podocyte with green fluorescence for control,PAN and pCPT+PAN group were (12.67±2.15)％,(31.35±4.60)％ and (16.96 ± 2.51)％ respectively (P ＜ 0.05),and pretreatment with H89 inhibited the effect of pCPT (P ＜ 0.05).(4) PAN promoted podocyte apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 expression (P ＜ 0.05),and pretreatment with pCPT significantly prevented PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 expression (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions cAMP signaling activation ameliorated podocyte injury in ADR nice and PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis,and cAMP/ PKA pathway may mediate these processes.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial effects of hematoporphyrin monomethylether-photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) on Enterococcus faecalis within infected simulated lateral canals in vitro with different energy.Methods Simulated lateral canals were prepared on extracted teeth.The specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis and then were randomly divided into eight groups.Group A was considered as negative control,its specimens were irrigated with physiological saline.Group B was the positive control,they were irrigated with 5.25％ NaClO.Other groups were incubated with HMME at concentration of 40 μg/ml for 5 min,followed by exposure to light at 532 nm for 120 s with different powers in a spiral pattern.Groups were named C-H,in corresponding with the power 50,60,70,80,90,100 mW.Microbial samples (the dentin chips from simulated lateral canals) were taken before and after the treatments.The survival fractions in each simulated lateral canal was calculated by counting colony-forming units(CFUs).Results 1.The HMME-PDT-treated groups resulted in a significant reduction in the number of E.faecalis in simulated lateral canals compared with the negative controls(P＜0.05).2.The antibacterial effects of group D、E、F、G、H were higher than the NaCl0-irrigated group(P＜0.05).3.The difference of antibacterial effects between the F、G、H groups was in significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion HMME-PDT had significant inhibitive efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis within infected simulated lateral canals and the efficacy was power-depended.It can play the best effect with the power of 80 mW.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis,treatment and following-up of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) during pregnancy.Methods Eighteen pregnant women with CIN,presented to the hospital from Jan.2004 to May.2008,were retrospectively reviewed.Pap smear,HPV,copolscopy and cervical biopsy were performed for diagnosis and all were followed up by Pap smear and copolscopy during pregnancy every 12 weeks,while 15 were followed up until 6-8 weeks postpartum.Results The incidence of CIN during pregnancy was 0.16%.All of the 18 women had abnormal Pap smear,followed by colopscopy and biopsy.Conservative management during the pregnancies every 3 months showed no progress in CIN.Among the 18 cases,17 delivered at term and only 1 preterm (36+4 weeks).Two out of the 18 women had normal delivery (11.1%),2 by forceps(11.1 %) and 14 by cesarean sections (77.8%).No neonatal apnea or neonatal respiratory distress syndrome had been observed.Pathological diagnosis was confirmed in all cases prenatally,including 4 CIN1,4 CIN2 and 10 CIN3.Four out of the 10 CIN3 remained after delivery,while 1 changed to CIN2.These 5 cases underwent leep electrical excision procedure and Pap smear results turned to normal at 6 to 11 months after delivery.One HSIL case were lost.The rest 4 CIN3 and all of the 8 CIN1 and CIN2 cases turned to normal or lesser degree.Fourteen of the 18 women received HPV test during pregnancy,and 12 (85.7%) were positive,among which 7 women were followed up at postpartum and 6 of them were HPV positive.Conclusions The three steps method for diagnosis of CIN during pregnancy is safe and effective.Conservative management of CIN during pregnancy is recommended.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Trachea ; pathology ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To look for different expression of proteins between T and B lymphoma cell lines and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flightmass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology. Methods T and B lymphoma cells were conventionally cultivated, and logarithmic phase cells were collected for experiment. The normal lymphocytes were separated from peripheral blood of healthy persons. Proteins were extracted from the total protein of various cells, and were detected by SELDI-TOF-MS technology. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to statistical analysis and P ＜0.05 was considered as statistically difference. Results There are six differentially expressed proteins between T/B lymphoma cell lines and health human peripheral lymphocyte. There are seven differentially expressed proteins between B and T lymphoma cell lines. Conclusion The levels of proteomics were significantly different among T, B lymphoma cell line and normal lymphocyte. Application of SELDI-TOF-MS technology probably is some benefit on screening molecular markers of lymphoma. Moreover it is possible to lay the preliminary foundation for pathogenesis and targeted treatment of lymphoma.

Objective To Study the effect of efflux pump-inhibitors(EPI)-Verapamil in photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hematoporphyrin monomethylether (HMME) as photosensitizer on the cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque biofilms.Methods According to the administrator order of the verapamil and photosensitizer in PDT,streptococcus mutans,streptococcus sanguis,eosinophilic lactobacillus and actinomyces viscosus were used to establish the dental plaque biofilm model.The experiment was divided into five groups,group A was incubated with the photosensitizer and verapamil group,group B using verapamil before incubated the photosensitize,group C suing photosensitizer before incubated verapamil,group D with PDT only,group E was control group.After laser treatment,the influence of the dental plaque biofilms was observed by confocal laser scanning microscope.Results As saline-treated group is a group of normal the dental plaque biofilms.In PDT only group,compared with the saline group,red fluorescence increased significantly,the bacteria lose accumulation capacity,and were isolated and scattered in dispersed state.In PDT plus verapamil group,compared with only PDT group,green staining increased,bacterial activity increased.In group B,cells were incubated with verapamil before incubated the photosensitizer group,green staining increased significantly,red fluorescence reduced,indicating live bacteria increased,and bacteria activity was significantly increased.Conclusion PDT is an effective method in eliminating cariogenic bacteria of dental plaque biofilms.Bacterial efflux pump inhibitors can lower HMME-PDT inhibition cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque biofilm,and pre-verapamil administration could significantly inhibit the effect of PDT treatment of dental caries.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( DTC) viola-ting larynx and trachea .Methods 29 patients with DTC violating larynx and trachea received primary tumor re-section.Among them, 6 patients were with larynx violation , 3 patients with larynx and trachea violation , 16 pa-tients with trachea violation , and 4 patients with anterior strap muscles and skin violation .In addition, 5 patients were type I , 4 patients type II , 9 patients type III , and 11 patients type IV .All patients accepted the total thy-roidectomy.For patients with larynx and trachea violations , 9 received the slashing tracheal surgery ( type I and II) , 15 patients received the window resection and sternocleidomastoid muscle periosteal flap reconstruction , sleeve resection and anastomosis reconstruction , and window resection and gastrostomy .3 patients received total laryngectomy , 2 patients received partial laryngectomy and 4 patients with skin invasion received the reconstruc-tion with pectoralis major muscle flap .Results For these patients , 25 patients were with papillary adenocarcino-ma, and 4 patients with follicular carcinoma .All patients were followed up for 1 to 8 years.3 cases suffered from recurrence, 2 cases with tracheal recurrence received reoperation .3 cases with lung metastasis received the I 131 therapy, among whom 2 cases achieved the local control of lung tumor and the other one survived with tumor .1 patient died of the neck lymph nodes recurrence .25 patients survived over 3 years.13 patients survived over 5 years.Conclusions For patients with DTC with larynx and trachea violation , we should try our best to eliminate the tumor tissues.For the organs invaded by tumors , if possibly, elimination is also needed .This will eliminate or release the suffocation resulted from bleeding or obstruction .In addition , the function of larynx and trachea can be reconstructed and the life quality of these patients can be improved through the flap reconstruction and trachea anastomosis.Standard endocrine therapy and nuclear medicine therapy contribute to the prognosis improvement .

Recent study demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) could have benefits to improve the learning memory.Exercise can increase IGF-1 level in hippocampus.IGF-1 may mediate exercise inducing learning memory;one of the possible mechanism is that the IGF-1 and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) has a common regulatory capacity over calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CAMKⅡ),mitogen-activated protein kinase Ⅱ(MAPKⅡ) and synapsin-1,and the convergence of multiple signaling pathways mediate synaptic plasticity and improve learning memory.

Objective Ascending aortic dissection(AAD),for which the pathogenesis remains unknown,is life-threatening.Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and the pathological changes of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)have been reported to have roles the pathogenesis.The study examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and the pathological changes of,VSMCs in patients with AAD.Methods AAD samples were taken from 35 patients(disease group)in acute phase during aortic replacement operation for AAD and control samples were corresponding part of ascending aorta(control group,n=21)collected from the donor hearts for transplantation.Transmission electron microscepe,hematoxylin-eosin(H-E)staining.Mallory staining were used for observing the pathological changes of VSMCs and matrix in the affected aortic wall.The immunohistochemicai staining of MMP-9 was carried out in both groups and semi-quantified by staining intensity analysis.The affected patients were further grouped according to the diameter of dissected aorta as with a AAD of <55 mm or with a AAD of≥55 mm.The associations of clinical factors,such as smoking status,hypertensive disease and aneurysm diameter,with the expression of MMP-9 were analyzed.Results Increased synthetic function of VSMCs with decreased density,disrupted elastic fibers and fibrosis in the dissected aortic wall were observed in the disease group,but not in the control group.MMP-9 was scarcely expressed in the aortic wall of the patients in the control group,though it was notably expressed in the VSMCs of disease group.Both subgroups presented more MMP-9 than the control group(both P<0.001).In the disease group,sub-group with a AAD diameter of ≥55 mm presented more MMP-9 than that with a diameter of <55 mm(P<0.05).MMP-9 expression was positively correlated with a history of hypertension(P<0.01)or a great aneurysm diameter(P<0.05).MMP-9 expression was not associated with age,smoking status or other clinical factors.Conclusion Increased secretion of VSMCs and the expression of MMP-9 induced by elevated blood pressure may lead to the destruction of matrix proteins.The resulting fibrosis of the aortic wall would decrease the tensile strength of the wall.When the fibrotic aortic wall dilated further,the increased expression of MMP-9 would aggravate the damage to the wall.It can be speculated that acute AAD would occur as a result of partial tearing of the aortic intima.

Construction of excellent professional curriculum website is the most important part of medical teaching quality and teaching innovation.Requirements,designing procedure,construction and evaluation process as well as the future development for construction of professional curriculum website of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery were proposed by applying content management system (CMS),which based on the technology of dynamic web page and database and by combining with characteristics of the discipline to resolve problems occurred in construction of tradition statical network station.High-quality professional curriculum website is expected to improve teaching quality.