Oncogene-induced senenscence(OIS) is defined as a stable proliferative arrest of normal cells upon overexpression of aberrant proliferative signals of oncogenes through MAPK and PI3K pathway.The molecular mechanism of OIS is related to the formation of heterochromatin and DNA-damage check-point response.The markers of OIS includ senescence-associated ?-galactosidase and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci.With the growing recognization of OIS,the new models of tumor progression are emerging.The further investigation on the mechanism of OIS is of great significance to understanding of the tumorigenesis and provide new ideas and methods of cancer treatment.

The tumor metastasis is the major cause of the death of cancer patients.S-100A4 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins and has been categorized as a metastasis-associated protein.S-100A4 is a candidate as a molecular marker for metastatic potential with high prognostic significance.An increase in S-100A4 protein expression has been correlated with poor prognosis of patients with breast,colorectal,gallbladder,bladder,esophageal,nonsmall-cell lung,gastric,medulloblastoma,pancreatic and hepatocellular cancers.The overexpression of S-100A4 protein can induce the increase of invasion and mobility of the tumor cells.It has been considered that S-100A4 is secreted by the tumor and stroma cells as a regulator of tumor metastasis.S-100A4 can regulate the progress of cell cycle,change cell adhesion,cell mobility and increase the survival ability of the tumor cells.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of familial adrenocorticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH). Methods The clinical and laboratory data of 3 patients with familial AIMAH were retrospectively analyzed. Results Case 1 was the proband. The mean age of onset of familial AIMAH was 59.3 years, and mean duration of disease was 6.7 years. The plasma ACTH levels of case 1 and case 2 were below 2.2pmol/L, and the secretion rhythm of serum cortisol in them was disorderly. Low or high dose of dexamethasone failed to suppress cortisol secretion in case 1, while only low dose of dexamethasone failed to suppress cortisol secretion in case 2. In case 3, all the plasma cortisol, ACTH level and their secretion rhythm were normal, and either low or high dose of dexamethasone suppressed cortisol secretion successfully. Ultrasound examination revealed multiple hypoechoic nodules in both adrenal glands, and CT scanning showed bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia in all 3 cases. Pituitary MR imaging was normal in all 3 cases. Conclusions The pathogenesis of sporadic and familial AIMAH remains unclear. Familial AIMAH provides an evidence that genetic transmission of the disease may happen. The clinical characteristics of familial AIMAH are similar to those of sporadic AIMAH. It is possible that some subclinical cases among familial AIMAH ascape the diagnosis.

To investigate the changes in the expression of G proteins ? subunit mRNA in non functioning thyroid adenoma (NFTA) and thyroid papillary cancer (TPC). Eleven thyroid specimens were obtained during surgery, 6 of which from patients with NFTA and 5 from patients with TPC. The expression levels of stimulating and inhibiting G protein ? subunit mRNAs were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). The expression levels of Gsa mRNA in TPCs were significantly higher than those in normal thyroids and NFTAs( P

Objective: To evaluate the noise characteristic of different reconstruction type CT image by using the noise power spectrum (NPS), and analyze the correlation between this results and subjective vision noise evaluation. Methods: QA water phantom of CT equipment was scanned and 8 common reconstruction algorithms were applied to dispose image. NPS peak value, the peak frequency and standard deviation (SD) were compared with the subjective evaluation measurements, such as granularity, contrast, sharpness and optical noise level, by using the correlation analysis. Results: Each reconstruction algorithm owned different peak value and peak frequency. Granularity negatively correlated with the peak frequency. A positive correlation was found between contrast and peak value. Sharpness was positively correlated with both peak value and peak frequency. All of the subjective evaluation measurements were correlated with SD. Conclusion: Comparing with SD, NPS can reflect both intensity and morphological feature of the noise and possess applicative potential as a more comprehensive evaluation index.

A retrospective study of endocrine dysfunction in 65 patients with Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) was conducted. Before surgical operation, most patients with RCC had various degrees of pituitary dysfunction.Impaired gonadotropin secretion and prolactinemia were the prevalent abnormalities. Erectile dysfunction or diminished libido in male and menstrual disorder or galactorrhea in female were frequently seen. The panhypopituitarism appeared in a few patients with RCC. The patients would benefit by surgical removal, however,attention should be paid to avoid new damage of the pituitary gland during operation.

Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; classification ; Humans ; World Health Organization

Objective Postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis(PPVS) is a severe complication after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) repair,and represents a significant surgical challenge with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis.This study was performed to analysis the morphological patterns of pulmonary vein stenosis after TAPVC,and to demonstrate the relationships between the pathological patterns with their clinical manifestations,pathogenesis,surgical options and their prognosis.Methods Between March,2004 to September,2011,11 consecutive patients with PPVS underwent reoperations.Supracardiac type in 5 cases,intracardiac type in 3 cases,mixed type in 1 case,single ventricle associated with supracardiac type in 1 case and infracardiac type in 1 cases.The age was 23 days to 28 months,body weight at the first operation was 5-19 kg,the median weight (10.7 ± 5.1) kg.The age at reoperation was 4 months to 6 years,the interval between the first and second operation was 82 days to 5 years.Morphological patterns of PPVS was classified into 4 types based on the preoperative imaging examinations and surgical findings:(1) anastomic stenosis (type Ⅰ),(2) ostial stenosis of individual pulmonary vein (type Ⅱ),(3) segemental stenosis of individual pulmonary vein (type Ⅲ),(4) complete occulsion of individual pulmonary vein (type Ⅳ).One or more pathological patterns may exit in one patient,and may involved one or more individual pulmonary veins.Fibrous resection in 1 case,patch augmentation in 3 cases,individual pulmonary endarterectomy in 7 cases and sutureless technique in 5 cases.Cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia were used in 8 cases,with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest in 3 cases.Results Type Ⅰ in 2 cases,type Ⅱ in 2 cases,type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ in 1 cases,type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ in 1 case,type Ⅱ and Ⅲ in 2 cases,type Ⅱ and Ⅳ in 1 case and type Ⅳ in 2 cases were found in our series.There was no early mortality,I case with residual anastomic obstruction and 2 cases with individual pulmonary vein obstruction.One patient died 17 monthes after reoperation,and the intermediate mortality was 10％.Reoperation was done in 1 case for recurrent pulmonary vein obstruction.Two patients need ViagTa or Bosentan for long time.The others did well during follow-up.Conclusion PPVS is a kind of progressive disease.The morphological patterns of PPVS are related to their clinical presentations and its pathogenesis,and are very important to make surgical decisions and pridict the patient's prognosis.

China ; Humans ; Pathology Department, Hospital ; standards ; Quality Control

ObjectiveTo evaluate the neuroprotective effect of gradient perfusion-rewarming after deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA) in piglets.Methods12 Shanghai piglets (3-4 weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups of A (experiment group) and B (control group),average weight (9.78 ±0.93)kg.Animal CPB model is completed with microinvasive technique.DHCA duration is 90 min in two groups.During the rewarming period,group A was rewarmed with gradient perfusion strategy,maintain the temperature for 15 min every 5 ℃ elevation of the core temperature.Group B was rewarmed according normal consistent rewarming strategy.PH-stat management is adopt in both groups.Blood gas analysis,rectal temperature,heart rate,ECG,blood flow rate of carotid artery,glumatic acid/aspartate level of jugular vein and protein NFB of brain tissue are monitored during and/or after the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).ResultsDuration of rewarming in group A is (67.3 ± 7.8) min,and (41.8 ± 3.6)min in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Sample collected at the beginning of CPB,15 min of rewarming,30 min of rewarming and 45 min of rewarming show that there is no difference between the blood flow rate at 15 min of rewarming; difference are shown at the 30 min and 45 min of rewarming (P ＜ 0.5 ).High performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) analysis show the obvious difference of glumatic acid level of jugular vein at 30 min of rewarming and 45 min of rewarming ( P ＜ 0.5),this kind of difference of aspartate can only be seen at the 45 min of rewarming.Histologic evaluation shows gradient rewarming has a better effect on preservation of CA1 area neuron in hippocampus,however,Immunohistochemistry doesn't find the same effect.ConclusionControlled gradient perfusion-rewarming strategy can improve the neuroprotective effect during DHCA,keeping the balance of the blood flow,cerebral local temperature and brain metabolism might be the mechanism.