Objective To study the changes of neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM) and polysialytransferases(STX) mRNA expression and NCAM protein expression after whole-body exposure to 5 W/cm~2 microwave in rats.Methods A total of 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups receiving 5 W/cm~(2) microwave radiation once a day for 0,1,3,5,10,15 d respectively.NCAM and STX mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR,and NCAM protein expression by Western blotting.Results The expression of NCAM and STX in rat hippocampus was obviously suppressed by the low dose electromagnetic radiation after 3-day exposure,then recorvered,and the lowest expression level was on exposure day 15.Conclusion Suppression of NCAM and PSA-NCAM is possibly responsible for the impairment of learning and memory ability induced by the electromagnetic radiation.

Acute liver failure (ALF) in children is severe syndrome with varied etiology and a rapid deterioration of liver function which results in coagulopathy abnormality and encephalopathy.ALF in children often carries a high morbidity and mortality.Laboratory tests is helpful for diagnosis and severity assessment of ALF in children and is useful for predicting survival or need for liver transplantation.The objective of this article is to introduce the values of laboratory tests in clinical diagnosis,prognosis and timing for transplantation of ALF in children.

Objective:To improve the determination method for compound sodium acetate injection. Methods:Atomic absorption spectrophotometry ( AAS) was used to determine sodium chloride, calcium chloride and potassium chloride in compound sodium acetate injection. Results:The linear range of calcium ion, potassium ion and sodium ion was 9.124 ×10 -7-1.369 ×10 -5 g·ml-1(r =0.999 5),1.501 ×10 -7 ~4.504 ×10 -6 g·ml-1(r=0.999 2) and 7.500 ×10 -8-2.251 ×10 -6 g·ml-1(r=0.999 5), and the av-erage recovery was 100. 4%(RSD=1. 4%,n=9),102. 4%(RSD=1. 6%,n=9) and 100. 3% (RSD=1. 1%,n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used to control the quality of compound sodium acetate in-jection.

AIM: To investigate the effect oferythropoietin (EPO) on the rats with heart failure (HF) in hypothermia and to explore its underlying mechanism.METHODS: The Sprague-Dawley rats (n=80) were randomly divided into five groups: control group (CON group), HF in low-temperature group (HFLT group), HF in normal temperature group (HFNT group), HF with EPO in low temperature group (HFLT+EPO group), and HF with EPO and LY2940002 in low temperature group (HFLT+EPO+LY group).All rats were housed in artifitial climate chamber.The animals in CON, HFLT, HFLT+EPO and HFLT+EPO+LY groups were under the low-temperature environment, while those in HFNT group were under normal temperature.The heart function was evaluated by echocardiography.The rats were then executed and the hearts were harvested.The apoptosis of myocytes was assessed by TUNEL method.The mRNA expression of Fas and PI3K was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the protein levels of HSP70, Akt and p-Akt in the myocardial tissues were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The rat cardiac functions in HFLT group were significantly deteriorated compared with HFNT group.The cardiac functions in HFLT+EPO group were improved compared with HFLT group.The cardiac functions in HFLT+EPO+LY group were significantly pejorated compared with HFLT+EPO group.The apoptotic index of the myocardium in HFLT group and HFNT group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P<0.01).The apoptotic index of the myocardium in HFLT group was significantly higher than that in HFNT group (P<0.05).The apoptotic index of the myocardium in HFLT+EPO group was significantly lower than that in HFLT group (P<0.01).The mRNA expression of Fas in HFLT group was significantly higher than that in HFNT group, and no obvious difference of the mRNA expression level of PI3K between HFLT group and HFNT group was observed.The mRNA expression of PI3K in HFLT+EPO group was significantly lower than that in HFLT group and HFLT+EPO+LY group (P<0.05), and that in HFLT+EPO group was significantly higher than that in HFLT group and HFLT+EPO+LY group (P<0.05).The protein levels of p-Akt and HSP70 in HFLT+EPO group was also higher than those in HFLT group and HFLT+EPO+LY group (P<0.05), and no obvious difference of the protein levels of p-Akt and HSP70 in CON, HFLT and HFNT groups was found.The protein level of Akt had no significant difference in each group.CONCLUSION: The pathway of PI3K/Akt may be one of the cardioprotective ways of EPO.EPO activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, upregulates the experssion of HSP70 (an endogenous protective factor) and inhibits the apoptosis, thus protecting the cardiac functions in the rats with HF in hypothermia.

Objective:To study the optimal extraction process of Yinxiejing. Methods: An orthogonal experimental method was used with reflux time, reflux times, ethanol concentration and volume as the influencing factors, and emodin and osthole content as the indices. Results:The optimal extraction conditions for Yinxiejing were as follows:refluxing twice with 2 h every time using 8-fold 80%ethanol. Conclusion:The optimum process is stable and feasible.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes ("deficiency of qi and yin" and "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin") and A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of megsin gene, and to search the substantial genetic basis for micro-differentiation of TCM syndromes in primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). METHODS: A total of 120 IgAN cases meeting the diagnostic criteria were enrolled. The sequence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of megsin gene was tested. The correlation between SNP and TCM syndromes was observed. RESULTS: There were 83 cases carrying GG genotype, 34 cases carrying GA genotype and 3 cases carrying AA genotype in 120 cases of primary IgAN. There was a high proportion of "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin" in IgAN cases with AA and GA genotypes, and a high proportion of "deficiency of qi and yin" in IgAN cases with GG genotype (P<0.01). Odds ratio in TCM syndrome distribution between GG genotype and GA plus AA genotype was 9.800, and 95% confidence interval was 3.969-24.199. The discrepancy also resided in IgAN patients with different genders and ages. CONCLUSION: A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of the megsin gene may be one of the substantial genetic basis for differentiating "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin" syndrome and "deficiency of qi and yin" syndrome in primary IgAN.

To examine the histological changes of diabetic rats' skin and the effects on the percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone (HC, a glucocorticoid), male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, diabetes one-week group (W1), two-week group (W2), three-week group (W3), and four-week group (W4), while each group contained 6 rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was prepared with the method of streptozocin (STZ, 40 mg x kg(-1)) intraperitoneal injection. Abdominal skin was cut to carry out an in-vitro penetration experiment on an improved Franz diffusion cells, and phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4) was used as receptor solution. The solution was analyzed with HPLC, and then the penetrating rate can be calculated. Meanwhile, rats' abdominal skins of different DM periods were HE stained and made into tissue slices to find if any histological changes occurred. The penetrating rate of control, W1, W2, W3, and W4 groups were 2.39 +/- 1.25, 3.22 +/- 1.72, 3.02 +/- 1.89, 3.63 +/- 2.02 and 5.00 +/- 3.36 microg x h(-1) x cm(-2), respectively. There was significant difference between the control and the W4 group (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between any other two groups (P > 0.05). The tissue slices showed that compared to the normal rats' skin, little change was observed in one-week DM rats' skin, but the skin of one-month DM rats' skin was observed thinner, and it became much thinner than that of rats with two-month diabetes, especially the epidermis. After making a rat into diabetic, the rats' skin goes through a pathological change, and this change is closely interrelated with the increase of the permeation of HC. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the dose while some drug was applied on the skin in case of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the effects of the frozen embryo transplantation for patients with poor outcome of endometrial growth by using growth hormone (GH) intrauterine perfusion combined with replacement cycle in the treatment of thin endometrium.Methods This was a prospective study and study participants were consecutively recruited between Jun 2014 and September 2015.A total of 88 frozen thawed embryo transfer cycles was divided into two groups from the Reproductive Center of Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital.Group A were 63 hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles and Group B were 25 GH intrauterine perfusion combined HRT cycles.Results The endometrial thickness of 22 thin endometrium patients from Group B were increased above 7 mm on progesterone day.The endometrial thickness on transplant day of Group A was (9.28 ± 1.64) mm,which was significantly higher than Group B (7.9 ± 0.86) mm (P ＜ 0.05).The clinical pregnancy rate (50.79％ vs 52.0％),implantation rate 31.1％ vs 47.17％),miscarriage rate (9.38％ vs 15.38％) had no significant difference between Groups A and B.The endometrial thickness from 7 mm to 7.9 mm on transplant day,the clinical pregnancy rate (30.76％ vs 54.54％) had no significant difference in two groups (P ＞0.05),but the implantation rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (20％ vs 52.17％) (P ＜0.05).When the endometrial thickness was above 8 mm on transplant day,the clinical pregnancy rate (58.33％ vs 63.63％),implantation rate (36.36％ vs 50％) had no significant difference between groups A and B (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions GH uterine cavity perfusion was a useful method for treatment of thin endometrium,and was helpful for improvement of endometrial thickness and receptivity,improved embryo implantation environment by assistance for HRT under the high estrogen levels.

Objective To provide the objective evidence for reducing stat test turnaround time (TAT) reasonably through the comparative analysis of different intervals of stat test TAT between emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit (ICU ) . Methods Laboratory information system was used to collect data about blood cell analysis and biochemical profiles of department of emergency and ICU from 1st January to 31th March ,2014 ,then comparatively analyzing different intervals of stat test TAT be‐tween two departments .Results TAT outlier rates of stat CBC tests ordered by ED and ICU were 2 .4% and 15 .1% ,and that of stat biochemical profiles ordered by ED and ICU were 12 .3% and 24 .5% ,respectively .there were no significant differences in mean times between order‐to‐receipt of stat CBC tests and biochemical profiles ordered by ED and collection‐to‐receipt of stat CBC tests and biochemical profiles ordered by ICU [(11 .2 ± 4 .0) min vs .(11 .2 ± 4 .5) min ,P>0 .05 ;(13 .2 ± 14 .1)min vs .(13 .8 ± 9 .8) min ,P>0 .05] .ED had significantly shorter mean time of receipt‐to‐report than ICU for stat CBC tests and biochemical profile [(5 .8 ± 4 .4) min vs .(19 .3 ± 12 .5) min ,P<0 .01 ;(34 .4 ± 10 .9) min vs .(35 .5 ± 13 .2) min ,P>0 .01] .The TAT mean times of stat CBC tests and biochemical profiles ordered by ED were shorter than those ordered by ICU [(17 .0 ± 6 .2) min vs .(30 .5 ± 14 .9) min ,P<0 .01 ;(46 .9 ± 17 .2) min vs .(49 .3 ± 16 .5) min ,P<0 .01] .Conclusion The ED TATs for CBC tests and biochemical pro‐files are reasonably set ,and each interval of the ED TATs is well controlled .The ICU TATs for CBCs and biochemical profiles should be reset ,and the process of stat test for ICU should be optimized .

Microthrombosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac microangiopathy due to diabetes. Recent studies have shown that fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) plays a pivotal role in microthrombosis in viral hepatitis, acute vascular xenograft rejection and cytokine-induced fetal loss syndrome. The current study was designed to examine the expression of fgl2 in microvascular endothelial cells and investigate the effects of microthrombi due to fgl2 on cardiac function and structure in rats with type 2 diabetes. Following induction of type 2 diabetes, 24 rats were observed dynamically. Fgl2 expression and related cardiac microthrombosis were examined. Local or circulating TNF-α was measured. Coronary flow (CF) per min was calculated as an index of cardiac microcirculation. Cardiac function and morphology were evaluated. It was found that Fgl2 was highly expressed in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of rats with type 2 diabetes, which was promoted by local or circulating TNF-α. The Fgl2 expression was associated with cardiac hyaline microthrombosis. In parallel with the fgl2 expression, CF per min, cardiac diastolic or systolic function and cardiac morphology were aggravated to some extent. It was concluded that in rats with type 2 diabetes, microthrombosis due to fgl2 contributes to the impairment of cardiac diastolic or systolic function and morphological changes.