Objective To investigate the characteristics, degradation and biocompatibility of a woven chitosan fiber (CF). Methods Scanning electron microscopic observation, deteronination of density, degree of swelling and tensile strength were performed to characterize the CF. In vitro degradation was observed by immersing CF in buffered aqueous solution of pH 6 containing lysozyme at 37 ℃, while in vivo degradation was studied after intramuscular implantation of CF in rats. Furthermore, rat mesenchymal stem cells were directly cultured on CF to estimate its toxicity. Results The diameter of CF was about 2000?63?m, with a sleek surface. The density and rate of swelling were 1.093?0.27g/cm3 and 2.30?0.21, respectively. The tensile strength was 80.18?1.56MPa. Specific viscosity, measured after the addition of lysozyme to the solution, decreased dramatically within 2 hours compared with that of the control mixture without enzyme. There was obvious inflammatory reaction after intramuscular implantation in the first week after surgery, bat inflammation subsided gradually. Biodegradation was not obvious within 4 weeks, but majority of it was absorbed in twelve weeks. Cells grew well on it with normal morphology, and no inhibition of cell proliferation could be observed. Conclusion Woven CF has a good tensile strength and fairly good biodegradation and biocompatibility, and it can be used in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

砄bjective: To explore an effective method for Electroneurography(ENoG) of facial nerve. Methods: ENoG of 114 normal subjets and 69 patients with traumatic facial nerve injuries were investigated. Latency time(LT), duration time(DT), amplitude(A) and square under the curve(S) were measured in facial muscles when facial nerve was stimulated postauricularly or anteroauricularly. Results: In most facial musles except square muscle of lower lip postauricular stimulation gave longer LT, shorter DT, lower A and smaller S. Conclusion: The postauricular stimulation is effective prior to anteroauricular stimulation for electroneurography of the facial nerve.

Object To study the formation of geoherbalism of Flos Lonicerae on the molecular level Methods Genomic DNAs from different populations of Lonicera japonica Thunb , outgroup Lonicera similis Hemsl , and Lonicera confusa DC were extracted, the 5S rRNA gene spacer region amplified, sequuenced, and analysed with Mega 1 02 Results The fragments of 5S rRNA gene spacer region in Lonicera L was about 210 bp with G+C content up to about 70% The sequences were different in various populations, and can be identified by sequencing The genetic distance between L confusa and L japonica was larger Conclusion The genuine distance between species was larger than that within species; the genetic distance among genuine crude drugs was smaller; the genetic distance among genuine and ungenuine crude drugs were bigger than that among genuine crude drugs

Objective To prepare 99Tcm-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) affibody (ABH2) and explore its feasibility as an imaging agent in HER2-positive breast cancer.Methods Sodium glucoheptonate and SnCl2 · 2H2O were used to label ABH2 with 99Tcm.The labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-ABH2 were determined.The stability of 99Tcm-ABH2 was tested in PBS and serum.The equilibrium disassociation constant (Kd) of 99Tcm-ABH2 was measured with MBA-MD-361 breast cancer cells.SPECT/CT imaging was carried out at 1.0 h and 4.5 h after injection of 37 MBq 99Tcm-ABH2 in nude mice (n=4) xenografted with MBA-MD-361 breast cancer.The T/NT (liver,brain,lung,heart,bone and muscle) ratios were deduced from SPECT/CT acquired data.For the blocking experiment,200 μg ABH2 was injected intravenously before 99Tcm-ABH2 injection.SPECT/CT imaging was performed in the same way.The T/NT ratios were compared between non-blocked and blocked groups by one-way analysis of variance.Results Fhe labeling yield of 99Tcm-ABH2 was above 99％.99Tcm-ABH2 was substantially stable in PBS and serum;the radiochemical purity was (95.0± 1.0)％ after incubation with serum at 37 ℃ for 6.0 h.The Kd of 99Tcm-ABH2 was 1.7 nmol/L.The radioactive uptake in cancer was visualized at 1.0 h and 4.5 h after injection of 99Tcm-ABH2 in HER2 positive MDA-MB-361 breast cancer.99Tcm-ABH2 was cleared out mainly through urinary system.The ratios of tumor to liver,lung,brain,heart,muscle and bone were 1.81± 0.60,8.95±1.13,20.08±6.12,7.61±0.56,10.62±1.78,11.42±2.07,respectively at 4.5 h after 99Tcm-ABH2 injection.After ABH2 blocking,the corresponding T/NT ratios were 0.60±0.23,3.05± 1.38,5.24±2.17,2.42±1.02,8.16±2.66,2.76±0.48 (F=29.38,P＜0.05) respectively.Conclusion 99Tcm-ABH2 could be synthesized with high purity,and this new agent could be used to image HER2-positive breast cancer specifically.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( DTC) viola-ting larynx and trachea .Methods 29 patients with DTC violating larynx and trachea received primary tumor re-section.Among them, 6 patients were with larynx violation , 3 patients with larynx and trachea violation , 16 pa-tients with trachea violation , and 4 patients with anterior strap muscles and skin violation .In addition, 5 patients were type I , 4 patients type II , 9 patients type III , and 11 patients type IV .All patients accepted the total thy-roidectomy.For patients with larynx and trachea violations , 9 received the slashing tracheal surgery ( type I and II) , 15 patients received the window resection and sternocleidomastoid muscle periosteal flap reconstruction , sleeve resection and anastomosis reconstruction , and window resection and gastrostomy .3 patients received total laryngectomy , 2 patients received partial laryngectomy and 4 patients with skin invasion received the reconstruc-tion with pectoralis major muscle flap .Results For these patients , 25 patients were with papillary adenocarcino-ma, and 4 patients with follicular carcinoma .All patients were followed up for 1 to 8 years.3 cases suffered from recurrence, 2 cases with tracheal recurrence received reoperation .3 cases with lung metastasis received the I 131 therapy, among whom 2 cases achieved the local control of lung tumor and the other one survived with tumor .1 patient died of the neck lymph nodes recurrence .25 patients survived over 3 years.13 patients survived over 5 years.Conclusions For patients with DTC with larynx and trachea violation , we should try our best to eliminate the tumor tissues.For the organs invaded by tumors , if possibly, elimination is also needed .This will eliminate or release the suffocation resulted from bleeding or obstruction .In addition , the function of larynx and trachea can be reconstructed and the life quality of these patients can be improved through the flap reconstruction and trachea anastomosis.Standard endocrine therapy and nuclear medicine therapy contribute to the prognosis improvement .

Objective To investigate the correlation between level Ⅱ cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and thyroid disease background,tumor size,location,and local lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods A thyroid cancer database was established using Access database software.62 patients with PTC undergoing neck dissection in the 1st Department of Head and Neck surgery of Sichuan Cancer Hospital from Aug.2013 to Mar.2014 were retrospectively reviewed in terms of their sex,age,thyroid disease background,number of nodules,tumor size,location,and CLNM.Results 30 out of 62 patients had level Ⅱ cervical lymph node metastasis (Ⅱa:27 cases,Ⅱb:6 cases).13 out of 23 patients without history of other thyroid disease had level Ⅱ CLNM,9 out of 17 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had level Ⅱ CLNM,3 out of 18 patients concomitant with nodular goiter had level Ⅱ CLNM and 2 patients concomitant with hyperthyroidism and having received radioactive iodine 131 treatments had level Ⅱ CLNM.Among patients with level Ⅱ CLNM,2 patients had tumors ＜10 mm,17 patients had tumors between 10 mm and 40 mm,and 4 patients had tumors ＞40 mm.Most of the tumors (11/17) with level Ⅱ CLNM were located in the upper polar of the thyroid,while the rest were located in the middle (12/23) and lower (3/12) region of thyroid.Conclusions Level Ⅱ CLNM is a common feature of thyroid carcinoma.It has been well accepted that level Ⅱ cervical lymph node should be dissected when extracapsular invasion or CLNM to level Ⅲ or Ⅳ occurs.In addition to traditional risk stratification,level Ⅰ CLNM is correlated with tumor size,location,and thyroid disease background.Therefore,close attention should be paid to level Ⅱ cervical lymph node when tumors are located in the upper polar of thyroid and individualized treatment should be chosen for each patient.

AIM:To establish a screening model based on muscarinic receptor type 1(M1) for drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Human M1 receptor was expressed in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells, and its activation was measured by the intracellular cAMP (cyclic AMP) level. Exogeneous 3H-cAMP was used to compete the intracellular cAMP binding sites. Acetylcholine chloride was used as a positive drug to ensure the sensitivity of this model. RESULT: HEK293 cell expressing system of human M1 receptor was established. Different concentrations of acetylcholine chloride (10-9～10-4 mol/L) activation of M1 receptor leads to an increase of intracellular cAMP 10.343×10-4～33.754×10-4 pmol/μl. CONCLUTION:This screening model has positive response to M1 receptor agonist and can be used for drug screening.

Objective To observe whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve vasospastic rats sense and motor function.Methods Rats grouped with randomized number method as Control group,Subarachnoid hemorrhage group.Stem cell culture media group and Stem cell transplantation group.Subarachnoid hemorrhage model were made with tail artery blood twice injection,2 days after 2' nd injection.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell were transplanted to lateral cistern.Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) group didn' t transplant stem cell.Stem cell culture media group injected DMEM media as DMEM group.Stem cell transplantation group injected 30μl Bone Marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension,so called BMSCs group.Neurofunctional score and learning memory expression were detected with morris mazer and Neurofunctional Score Scale in each group.Results After transplantation for 7 d,functional score of Control,SAH,DMEM and Stem cell group were 3.95 ±2.51,7.20 ± 1.03,7.23 ± 1.79 and 5.81 ± 1.11 respectively.Compared with others groups,Stem cell group score was significantly decrease(P=0.017).After transplanting stem cell for 14 d,the mean spanning plate time in Control group,SAH group,DMEM group and Stem cell group were 7.38 ± 1.73,4.52 ± 0.90,5.11 ± 1.93 and 7.32 ± 2.16 respectively,SAH and DMEM group vs other 2 groups,there were clearly statistically differences (P =0.009),while between control group and stem cell group,there were no statistically differences (P =0.14).Conclusion SAH rat transplant stem cell can improve sense,motor and learning expression in certain level.

Objective To label the modified human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) affibody with 68Ga at cysteine position of carboxyl-terminal Gly-Gly-Gly-Cys (GGGC) sequence,and to image the mice model bearing HER2-expressed breast cancer with microPET.Methods The HER2 affibody with carboxyl-terminal cysteine was produced by gene engineering.The 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tris-aceticacid (DOTA) was conjugated to the thiol (SH)-group of cysteine by DOTA-10-maleimidoethylacetamide (MMA-DOTA).The newly eluted 68Ga was labeled to DOTA-HER2 affibody at 90 ℃.The labeled mixture was purified by C18 cartridge and eluted with anhydrous alcohol.The purified 68Ga-labeled affibody was prepared for cell binding analysis and microPET imaging.The HER2-expressed breast cancer cells MBA-MD-361 were used to analyze cell binding and establish cancer model with BALB/c nude mice.68Ga-labeled affibody (3.7 MBq) was administered to 4 nude mice with breast cancer via tail vein for microPET imaging at 20 and 60 min post injection.The mice were sacrificed immediately after imaging in unconscious state and their tissue/organs (tumor,muscle,bone and heart) were removed for weighing and radioactivity counting by γ counter.The tumor to normal organ ratios of radioactivity (tumor to liver,muscle,bone and heart)were calculated.Results The purity of HER2 affibody was more than 95％.The radiochemical purity of 68Ga-labeled HER2 affibody was 97％.The KD value (affinity) of 68Ga-labeled HER2 affibody was 1.5 nmol/L in HER2positive cells.MicroPET imaging showed that 68Ga-labeled HER2 affibody could bind HER2-positive cancer rapidly and excreted mainly through urinary system.The radioactivity ratios of tumor to liver,muscle,bone and heart were 17.4±1.0,35.1±10.9,20.7±6.2 and 20.9±4.0,respectively.Conclusions 68Ga could be labeled to HER2 affibody.The 68Ga-labeled HER2 affibody may be useful for PET imaging of HER2-positive tumor.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the blood flow values generated from MR arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging and pathologic indicators of angiogenesis including microvascular density (MVD) counts and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels of VX2 carcinoma in rabbit soft tissue. Methods VX2 tumor was inoculated in the muscular tissue of right posterior limbs of 18 healthy New Zealand white rabbits ,on which arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging was performed by using flow sensitive alternating inversion recovery pulse sequence 3 to 4 weeks later. Arterial spin labeling images were transferred to an independent computer for post-processing and blood flow (BF) maps were generated from them. BF values were measured in 2-4 regions of interest (ROIs) for each tumor. The rabbits were sacrificed after MR imaging. The gross specimens of tumors were obtained and tumor tissues were taken from the non-necrotic regions corresponding to ROIs on BF maps. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimens was performed by using CD31 monoclonal antibody to calculate MVD counts, using VEGF antibody to calculate VEGF expression levels. Correlation between BF values and MVD counts as well as between BF values and VEGF expression levels was evaluated using Spearman correlative analysis.Results On BF maps, viable tumor tissues showed high BF values compared with muscle, but there were areas without blood perfusion in some tumors. Under microscope, the microvessels positively stained by CD31 appeared as light brown areas, and the cells positively staied by VEGF showed reddish brown areas within their cytoplasm. Totally 39 pieces of VX2 tumor tissue were analyzeed There was a significant positive correlation between the BF values(M =6. 4 ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 ) and MVD counts(M =6. 8) (r = 0. 906,P ＜ 0. 01 ), and no significant correlation between BF values and VEGF expression levels ( M = 8％ ) ( r =0. 116, P=0.483). Conclusion BF value can be used in evaluating angiogenesis of soft tissue tumor through its reflection of MVD counts, and thus may be helpful in evaluating the prognosis of soft tissue tumor and making plan for their treatment.