砄bjective: To explore an effective method for Electroneurography(ENoG) of facial nerve. Methods: ENoG of 114 normal subjets and 69 patients with traumatic facial nerve injuries were investigated. Latency time(LT), duration time(DT), amplitude(A) and square under the curve(S) were measured in facial muscles when facial nerve was stimulated postauricularly or anteroauricularly. Results: In most facial musles except square muscle of lower lip postauricular stimulation gave longer LT, shorter DT, lower A and smaller S. Conclusion: The postauricular stimulation is effective prior to anteroauricular stimulation for electroneurography of the facial nerve.

Objective To investigate the characteristics, degradation and biocompatibility of a woven chitosan fiber (CF). Methods Scanning electron microscopic observation, deteronination of density, degree of swelling and tensile strength were performed to characterize the CF. In vitro degradation was observed by immersing CF in buffered aqueous solution of pH 6 containing lysozyme at 37 ℃, while in vivo degradation was studied after intramuscular implantation of CF in rats. Furthermore, rat mesenchymal stem cells were directly cultured on CF to estimate its toxicity. Results The diameter of CF was about 2000?63?m, with a sleek surface. The density and rate of swelling were 1.093?0.27g/cm3 and 2.30?0.21, respectively. The tensile strength was 80.18?1.56MPa. Specific viscosity, measured after the addition of lysozyme to the solution, decreased dramatically within 2 hours compared with that of the control mixture without enzyme. There was obvious inflammatory reaction after intramuscular implantation in the first week after surgery, bat inflammation subsided gradually. Biodegradation was not obvious within 4 weeks, but majority of it was absorbed in twelve weeks. Cells grew well on it with normal morphology, and no inhibition of cell proliferation could be observed. Conclusion Woven CF has a good tensile strength and fairly good biodegradation and biocompatibility, and it can be used in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

Object To study the formation of geoherbalism of Flos Lonicerae on the molecular level Methods Genomic DNAs from different populations of Lonicera japonica Thunb , outgroup Lonicera similis Hemsl , and Lonicera confusa DC were extracted, the 5S rRNA gene spacer region amplified, sequuenced, and analysed with Mega 1 02 Results The fragments of 5S rRNA gene spacer region in Lonicera L was about 210 bp with G+C content up to about 70% The sequences were different in various populations, and can be identified by sequencing The genetic distance between L confusa and L japonica was larger Conclusion The genuine distance between species was larger than that within species; the genetic distance among genuine crude drugs was smaller; the genetic distance among genuine and ungenuine crude drugs were bigger than that among genuine crude drugs

Objective To prepare 99Tcm-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) affibody (ABH2) and explore its feasibility as an imaging agent in HER2-positive breast cancer.Methods Sodium glucoheptonate and SnCl2 · 2H2O were used to label ABH2 with 99Tcm.The labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-ABH2 were determined.The stability of 99Tcm-ABH2 was tested in PBS and serum.The equilibrium disassociation constant (Kd) of 99Tcm-ABH2 was measured with MBA-MD-361 breast cancer cells.SPECT/CT imaging was carried out at 1.0 h and 4.5 h after injection of 37 MBq 99Tcm-ABH2 in nude mice (n=4) xenografted with MBA-MD-361 breast cancer.The T/NT (liver,brain,lung,heart,bone and muscle) ratios were deduced from SPECT/CT acquired data.For the blocking experiment,200 μg ABH2 was injected intravenously before 99Tcm-ABH2 injection.SPECT/CT imaging was performed in the same way.The T/NT ratios were compared between non-blocked and blocked groups by one-way analysis of variance.Results Fhe labeling yield of 99Tcm-ABH2 was above 99％.99Tcm-ABH2 was substantially stable in PBS and serum;the radiochemical purity was (95.0± 1.0)％ after incubation with serum at 37 ℃ for 6.0 h.The Kd of 99Tcm-ABH2 was 1.7 nmol/L.The radioactive uptake in cancer was visualized at 1.0 h and 4.5 h after injection of 99Tcm-ABH2 in HER2 positive MDA-MB-361 breast cancer.99Tcm-ABH2 was cleared out mainly through urinary system.The ratios of tumor to liver,lung,brain,heart,muscle and bone were 1.81± 0.60,8.95±1.13,20.08±6.12,7.61±0.56,10.62±1.78,11.42±2.07,respectively at 4.5 h after 99Tcm-ABH2 injection.After ABH2 blocking,the corresponding T/NT ratios were 0.60±0.23,3.05± 1.38,5.24±2.17,2.42±1.02,8.16±2.66,2.76±0.48 (F=29.38,P＜0.05) respectively.Conclusion 99Tcm-ABH2 could be synthesized with high purity,and this new agent could be used to image HER2-positive breast cancer specifically.

Objective To investigate the correlation between level Ⅱ cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and thyroid disease background,tumor size,location,and local lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods A thyroid cancer database was established using Access database software.62 patients with PTC undergoing neck dissection in the 1st Department of Head and Neck surgery of Sichuan Cancer Hospital from Aug.2013 to Mar.2014 were retrospectively reviewed in terms of their sex,age,thyroid disease background,number of nodules,tumor size,location,and CLNM.Results 30 out of 62 patients had level Ⅱ cervical lymph node metastasis (Ⅱa:27 cases,Ⅱb:6 cases).13 out of 23 patients without history of other thyroid disease had level Ⅱ CLNM,9 out of 17 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had level Ⅱ CLNM,3 out of 18 patients concomitant with nodular goiter had level Ⅱ CLNM and 2 patients concomitant with hyperthyroidism and having received radioactive iodine 131 treatments had level Ⅱ CLNM.Among patients with level Ⅱ CLNM,2 patients had tumors ＜10 mm,17 patients had tumors between 10 mm and 40 mm,and 4 patients had tumors ＞40 mm.Most of the tumors (11/17) with level Ⅱ CLNM were located in the upper polar of the thyroid,while the rest were located in the middle (12/23) and lower (3/12) region of thyroid.Conclusions Level Ⅱ CLNM is a common feature of thyroid carcinoma.It has been well accepted that level Ⅱ cervical lymph node should be dissected when extracapsular invasion or CLNM to level Ⅲ or Ⅳ occurs.In addition to traditional risk stratification,level Ⅰ CLNM is correlated with tumor size,location,and thyroid disease background.Therefore,close attention should be paid to level Ⅱ cervical lymph node when tumors are located in the upper polar of thyroid and individualized treatment should be chosen for each patient.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( DTC) viola-ting larynx and trachea .Methods 29 patients with DTC violating larynx and trachea received primary tumor re-section.Among them, 6 patients were with larynx violation , 3 patients with larynx and trachea violation , 16 pa-tients with trachea violation , and 4 patients with anterior strap muscles and skin violation .In addition, 5 patients were type I , 4 patients type II , 9 patients type III , and 11 patients type IV .All patients accepted the total thy-roidectomy.For patients with larynx and trachea violations , 9 received the slashing tracheal surgery ( type I and II) , 15 patients received the window resection and sternocleidomastoid muscle periosteal flap reconstruction , sleeve resection and anastomosis reconstruction , and window resection and gastrostomy .3 patients received total laryngectomy , 2 patients received partial laryngectomy and 4 patients with skin invasion received the reconstruc-tion with pectoralis major muscle flap .Results For these patients , 25 patients were with papillary adenocarcino-ma, and 4 patients with follicular carcinoma .All patients were followed up for 1 to 8 years.3 cases suffered from recurrence, 2 cases with tracheal recurrence received reoperation .3 cases with lung metastasis received the I 131 therapy, among whom 2 cases achieved the local control of lung tumor and the other one survived with tumor .1 patient died of the neck lymph nodes recurrence .25 patients survived over 3 years.13 patients survived over 5 years.Conclusions For patients with DTC with larynx and trachea violation , we should try our best to eliminate the tumor tissues.For the organs invaded by tumors , if possibly, elimination is also needed .This will eliminate or release the suffocation resulted from bleeding or obstruction .In addition , the function of larynx and trachea can be reconstructed and the life quality of these patients can be improved through the flap reconstruction and trachea anastomosis.Standard endocrine therapy and nuclear medicine therapy contribute to the prognosis improvement .

Objective To detect the expression of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 in different esophageal tissues,and study the relationships between the expressions of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 with the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The fresh surgical specimens in 60 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were collected and Western blotting were used to analyze and detect the expressions of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,adjacent esophageal tissues and normal esophageal tissues.The expression of cav-1 and PY14caveolin-1 with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed.Results The expressions of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were much higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal esophageal tissues,and the difference between them was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, adjacent esophageal tissues and normal esophageal tissues decreases successively,it suggests the caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 may be the key of the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer cells and they could be involved in the migration and invasion of esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: There are few reports addressing the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neurons, and the uncertainties mainly focused on the differentiated neurons had neuron morphology, but did not have neuron function. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of rat bone marrow mesenchyma stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation into neuron-like cells and glial-like cells under rat hippocampal neuron's conditional medium. METHODS: Rat BMSCs at passage 5 were divided into 4 groups. The medium of hippocampal neurons and glial cells was added in the conditioned medium group. The Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing bFGF was added in the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) group. The serum-free medium containing Neurobasal and B27 was added in the serum-free medium group. The DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum was added in the negative control group. 12 and 24 hours following induction, neuron specific enolase (NSE), microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected using immunocytochemical staining in each group. NSE, MAP-2 and GFAP expression was determined using Western-blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 12 and 24 hours following induction, BMSCs were positive for MAP-2, GFAP and NSE in the conditioned medium, bFGF and serum-free medium groups, but negative in the negative control group. Compared with the negative control group, MAP-2 expression was significantly enhanced in the conditioned medium, bFGF and serum-free medium groups 24 hours following induction (P < 0.05), and the increased range was significantly greater in the conditioned medium group compared with other two groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference in NSE and GFAP expression was detected in the conditioned medium, bFGF and serum-free medium groups. Results suggested that hippocampal neuron conditioned medium can in vitro induce the differentiation of rat BMSCs into neuron-like cells and glial cell-like cells. Compared with the bFGF medium and serum-free medium, positive rate was greatest in the hippocampal neuron conditioned medium-induced neurons and glial cells.

Objective To observe the relationship between the change of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) content and cerebral vasospasm after experiment Sprague-Dawley rat subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods SD rat got the tail artery blood and followed prone positioning in a stereotaxic apparatus, injected autologous arterial blood or saline into cisterna magna,2 d later injected in the same way. For basilar artery (BA),internal carotid artery(ICA) ,and middle cerebral artery(MCA) diameter measurements,gelatin-india ink vascular casted,the blood ET-1 and NOS content were detected by immunoradiology or colorimetry measurement. Results Microangiography in SAH showed extensive macroscopic filling deficit,the diameter of MCA,ICA and BA ((169.33 ±8.67)mm, (227.33 ± 14.25) mm, (226.33 ±5.99) mm respectively) were shorter than those in control group((259.5 ±7.48)mm,(228.17 ±8.09)mm,(254. 67 ±8.48)mm respectively) (all P<0.05). Neuronal function score of 7d(9.45 ±1.77) was higher than control group(0.60 ±0.49) (P<0.05). Content of ET-1 and NOS in blood after SAH 7 d were(231.25 ± 19.45)g/L,(198.50 ±9.52) × 103U/L) ,(72.99 ±5.83)g/L, (230.76 ±17.06) × 103U/L),for sham group,there was significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion Experiment rat double-hemorrhage method from tail artery can makes experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model,neurological functional score is increased, neuronal function score is associated with diameter of MCA and ET-1 content.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the blood flow values generated from MR arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging and pathologic indicators of angiogenesis including microvascular density (MVD) counts and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels of VX2 carcinoma in rabbit soft tissue. Methods VX2 tumor was inoculated in the muscular tissue of right posterior limbs of 18 healthy New Zealand white rabbits ,on which arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging was performed by using flow sensitive alternating inversion recovery pulse sequence 3 to 4 weeks later. Arterial spin labeling images were transferred to an independent computer for post-processing and blood flow (BF) maps were generated from them. BF values were measured in 2-4 regions of interest (ROIs) for each tumor. The rabbits were sacrificed after MR imaging. The gross specimens of tumors were obtained and tumor tissues were taken from the non-necrotic regions corresponding to ROIs on BF maps. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimens was performed by using CD31 monoclonal antibody to calculate MVD counts, using VEGF antibody to calculate VEGF expression levels. Correlation between BF values and MVD counts as well as between BF values and VEGF expression levels was evaluated using Spearman correlative analysis.Results On BF maps, viable tumor tissues showed high BF values compared with muscle, but there were areas without blood perfusion in some tumors. Under microscope, the microvessels positively stained by CD31 appeared as light brown areas, and the cells positively staied by VEGF showed reddish brown areas within their cytoplasm. Totally 39 pieces of VX2 tumor tissue were analyzeed There was a significant positive correlation between the BF values(M =6. 4 ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 ) and MVD counts(M =6. 8) (r = 0. 906,P ＜ 0. 01 ), and no significant correlation between BF values and VEGF expression levels ( M = 8％ ) ( r =0. 116, P=0.483). Conclusion BF value can be used in evaluating angiogenesis of soft tissue tumor through its reflection of MVD counts, and thus may be helpful in evaluating the prognosis of soft tissue tumor and making plan for their treatment.