[Objective] The patients with osteoporosis in kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were observed,to evaluate the curative effect of the capsule.[Methods] 31 cases were collected in this research,treated with capsule for 6 months.The indexes of alkaline phosphatase(ALP),Ca2+,P-in blood serum and bone mineral density (BMD) were determined before and after the treatment.[Results] Invigorating kidney and promoting blood circulation capsule can decrease the measure deviation of ALPCa2+,P-,can evidently increase bone density.[Conclusion] Invigorating the kidney and promoting blood circulation capsule can increase BMD and meliorate bone metabolism.

[Objective] To explore the counteractive mechanism of Tongmai Injection (IT) for excitotoxicity in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by observing the glutamic acid (Glu) content and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity in rats cortex. [ Methods ] Rat models with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were established by four-vessel occlusion. Glu content and NMDA receptor activity were examined by radioimmunoassay and the effects of TI on Glu and NMDA receptor were also observed. [ Results ] Glu content and NMDA receptor activity were both increased in the model group and TI could counteract the above changes. [Conclusion] Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion can induce excitotoxicity and TI can protect the cerebral cortex.

Objective To explore the effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats,and its possible mechanism.Methods Chronic cerebral ischemia (2-VO) model was prepared and bilateral external jugular veins were isolated.A total of 30 rats were divided into 2 groups at random sham group (received no intervention,n=15) and operative group (received G-CSF or PBS through external jugular vein injection,n=15).At 6 weeks after operation,the rats in operative group were divided into G--CSF group (received G-CSF 10 mg/L,1 ml · kg-1 · d-1,1 times every 24 h for,3 times) and PBS control group (received PBS 10 mg/L,1 ml ·kg 1 · d-11,1 times every 24 h for 3 times).At 8 weeks after the operation,morris water maze was carried out to evaluate the learning and memory ability of the rats.The cell proliferation,threedimensional vascular distribution,ischemic neuronal apoptosis,cell morphological changes in ischemic area and the plasma VEGF levels were detected to explore the possible mechanisms.Results In morris water maze,escape latency at the 2rd to 5th day were significantly lower in G-CSF group than the PBS group (all P＜0.05).The swimming time spent in the first quadrant in G-CSF group was significantly longer than the PBS group (P＜0.05).There was a significant difference in the number of BrdU positive cells in the ischemical area between the G-CSF group and the control group [(27.7±4.76) vs.(10.4 ± 3.7),P =0.030).Three-dimensional quantitative measurements of vascular structure showed that the capillary diameters was smaller in the G-CSF group than in the PBS group [(2.90±0.20) μm vs.(3.45±0.26) μm,P=0.020] and the number of branch points in the boundary regions of ischemia had a significant difference in the G-CSF group compared with the control group [(207.82±10.73) /0.002 mm3 vs.(162.10±9.31) /0.002mm3,P=0.005].Threedimensional cerebral vessel surface area in the ipsilateral hemisphere was increased in the G-CSF group compared with the PBS group [(86498±2896) μm2/0.002 mm3vs.(73976±3826) μm2/0.002 mm3,P=0.003].The number of apoptotic cells in G-CSF group was decreased compared with the PBS group [(32.10±6.70) vs.(56.30±11.20),F=11.89,P=0.043].The electron microscope morphological observations showed inflammatory edema in intercellular gap was significantly reduced in the G-CSF group compared with the PBS group.The level of plasma VEGF was significantly increased in the G-CSF group compared with the PBS group [(58.81±6.61) ng/L vs.(20.81±4.35)ng/L,P=0.025].Conclusions G--CSF can improve the learning and memory ability in the chronic cerebral ischemic rats,and its possible mechanism might involve the nerve protection and the vascular regeneration associated with the VEGF.There is a great prospect for G-CSF in the therapy of chronic cerebral ischemic disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of autologous bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation on neurological outcomes in cerebral ischernia in rats and its poss le mechanisms.Methods Autologous bone marrow-derived EPC was cultured in vitro and it was labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU).A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was induced by the intraluminal suture method.The rats in a EPC group transplanted autologous EPC (106/ml/kg) via external jugular veins,those in a control group were injected with phosphate buffered saline (1 ml/kg),and those in a sham operation group (n =15)were not treated.The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was used to observe the neurological changes of the rats.BrdU immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate EPC proliferation and differentiation.Three-dimensional confocal image analysis was used to detect the vascular structure and density in cerebral ischemic areas.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptotio cells in ischernic brain tissue.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the concentration of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF).Results The mNSS in the EPC group was siginficantly lower than that in the control group (at day 8:6.43 ±0.69 vs.8.86 ±0.95,q =2.673,P=0.035; at day 14:4.55 ±0.89 vs.6.73 ± 1.06,q =5.360,P =0.035).The number of BrdU positive cells in the EPC group was significantly higher than that in the control group (42.2±5.76 vs.25.67±5.49,q=4.020,P=0.030).The capiilary diameter in the EPCgroup was significantly smaller than that in the control group (4.51 ± 0.21 μm vs.6.34 ± 0.24 μm,q =3.980,P =0.003); the density of blood vessels (212.64 ± 8.02/0.002 mm3 vs.153.60 ± 7.21/0.002 mm3; q =9.670,P =0.001 ) and the total surface area of microvessel (92 013 ± 5 132 μm2/0.002 mm3 vs. 71 366 ±4 538 μm2/0.002 mm3; q=4.180,P=0.014) were significantly higher or more than those in the control group.The number of apoptotic cells in the EPC group was significantly less than that in the control group (36.26 ± 6.91 vs.78.34 ± 7.21; t =-4.834,P =0.003).The plasma VEGF concentration in the EPC group was significantly higher than that in the control group (54.91 ± 5.71 pg/ml vs.13.81 ± 4.25 pg/ml,q =12.300,P=0.002).Conclusions Autologous EPC transplantation has a protective effect on ischemic brain tissue in rats.It may be associated with VEGF related angiogenesis and neuroprotection.It has an important application prospect in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To study the effect of endothelial progenitor cells on the behavior of chronic cerebral ischemic rats. Methods Adult rats were treated using the protocol of chronic cerebral ischemic model. Then translated the endothelial progenitor cells in vein to them, and Morris water maze was carried out to test the learning and merrory ability of the rats. The cell proliferation, vascular distribution and the plasma VEGF levels were day of 2nd to 5th of experimental group ( EPC group ) were significantly shorter than the control group ( PBS group), which were(44.45 ±9.44)s,(38.32±1.51)s,(34.95 ±6.76)s,(24.46 ±5.47)s and (52.79±6.47 ) s, ( 43.15 ± 11.21 ) s, ( 50.29 ± 11.41 ) s, ( 53.75 ± 7.35 ) s, (P ＜ 0.01 ) respectively. The time of EPC group spend in the first quadrant were significantly longer than that of the PBS group, which were (26. 76 ±of the EPC group( 26.8 ± 5.76 ) was higher than that of the conrespondering areas in the control group( 12.17 ±ments of capillaries were (P＜0.05) shorter in the PBS groups( (3.4 ±0.24) μm) than in the EPC groups( (2.8± 0.2 )μm) significantly, EPC group could significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ) increased the number of branch points in the boundary regions of ischemia compared with the number in the PBS group (respectively (210. 1 ± 13.80 ) and (164.2 ± 12.3 )). Three-dimensional cerebral vessel surface area in the ipsilateral hemisphere significantly increased in the EPC group compared with the PBS group (respectively (84365 ± 3897 )μm2/0. 002mm3 and group in the plasma VEGF levels ( ( 63.91 ± 6.71 ) pg/ml; ( 21. 81 ± 4.25 ) pg/ml, respectively (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜0.01 ). Conclusion There are positive behavioral effects of endotbelial progenitor cells in chronic cerebral ischemic rats. The possible mechanisns mavbe involve the nerve protection and regeneration of the vascular associated with the VEGF. The endothelial progenitor cells maybe have a great prospect in the therapy of chronic cerebral ischemic disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and its effect on the cognation in the PDGF hAPPV717I transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease model.Methods Totally 36 PDGF hAPPV717I transgenic mice were randomly divided into two groups:G-CSF group and control group.The G CSF group was subcutaneously injected with 50 μg · kg-1 · d-1 of G-CSF for 7 days.The control group was injected subcutaneously with an equal volume of PBS in parallel.The animals were tested in Morris water maze on the 7th,14th,and 28th days after the last day of the injection,and the escape latency was recorded.Once the test was completed,the peripheral blood was taken to evaluate the effect of G-CSF to induce hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) via flow cytometry.Then the mice were killed,their brains were quickly removed and frozen on dry ice.With the immunohistochemical staining and double immunofluorescence staining,the neurogenesis could be observed in the model mice.Results We found that G-CSF significantly shortened the escape latencies in PDGF-hAPPV717I transgenic mice compared to controls on the 7th,14th,and 28th day after G-CSF treatment [7 d:(27.19±4.07) s and (46.07±7.21) s,P＜0.000; 14 d:(26.48±5.29) sand (42.99±11.70) s,P＜0.010; 28 d:(24.97±3.61) s and (45.54±9.55) s,P＜0.002)].At the same time,we found that the percentage of CD34+/CD45+ cells in the peripheral blood was 0.358±0.161,0.223±0.038,0.168±0.049 on the 7th,14th,and 28th day after G-CSF treatment,respectively.Compared with the control group (0.073±0.026,0.067±0.034,0.072± 0.037),the percentage of CD34′ /CD45+ cells in the peripheral blood were increased (P＜0.001).BrdU+ cells were found in dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus and the cortex of the G-CSF group,where the BrdU+ /Ncstin- and BrdU-/MAP-2+ cells were also detected positively.Conclusions Subcutaneous administration of G- CSF may improve the cognition in APP transgenic mouse model of AD.G-CSF may mediate the proliferation,differentiation of hcmatopoietic stem cells (HSCs).and may induce the neural stem cells into the brain.

Objective CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, plays an important role in tumor growth and glycolysis.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neutralizing CD44 antibodies on the growth and glycolytic metabolism of B16 cells in melanoma in vitro.Methods B16 cells were treated with control antibodies (50 μg/mL) or different concentrations of CD44 antibodies (2, 10, and 50 μg/mL) for 24 hours, followed by examination of the activation of the AKT pathway in the B16 cells by Western blot.Then the tumor cells were also treated with control antibodies (50 μg/mL) or CD44 antibodies (50μg/mL) after pretreated with API-2 (4 μmol/L) in a parallel test.After 48 hours of treatment, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in the B16 cells and the level of lactate in the culture supernatant were detected by immunofluorescence and colorimetry, respectively.Lastly, the B16 cells were treated with control antibodies (50μg/mL), API-2 (4 μmol/L), CD44 antibodies (50μg/mL), or API-2 + CD44 antibodies for 96 hours, followed by measurement of the proliferation of the cells by MTT and their apoptosis by AO/EB and AnnexinV staining.Results In comparison with the control antibody group, the level of AKT phosphorylation (p-AKT) in the B16 cells showed a concentration-dependent increase in the 2, 10, and 50 μg/mL CD44 antibody groups (1.00±0.25 vs 2.51±0.32, 3.89±0.46, and 4.07±0.42, P<0.01), and the expression of LDHA was increased by (2.13±0.24) times, with the lactate level in the culture supernatant significantly elevated from (35.32±3.24) to (56.34±8.19) mmol/L (P<0.01) after 96 hours of treatment with 50 μg/mL CD44 antibodies.Treatment with API-2+CD44 antibodies, however, suppressed the increase in the LDHA expression and reduced the level of lactate.Compared with the control antibody group, the proliferation rate of the B16 cells was markedly decreased in the API-2, CD44 antibody, and API-2+CD44 antibody groups ([103±12.91] vs [84.87±19.35], [71.35±16.23], and [41.16±9.15]%, P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate remarkably increased ([5.23±0.96] vs [13.65±4.27], [19.21±3.53], and [43.21±7.87]%, P<0.01).Conclusion Neutralizing the function of CD44 in the B16 cells in vitro can inhibit the growth of the cells and promote AKT-mediated glycolytic metabolism, while suppressing the AKT pathway may enhance the antitumor activity of the CD44 antibody.

Objective To explore the influence of peer support on blood glucose management of type 2 diabetic patients.Methods From April 2017 to December 2017,the study subjects were selected according to the inclusion criteria from all type 2 diabetes patients who admitted in the Fourth People′s Hosipital of Ningbo.The patients in bed 1-9 were assigned into observation group,and patients in bed 10-20 were assigned into control group.All beds were assigned randomly from a random number generator.Standard diabetes education was provided to both two groups,while peer support was added to the experimental group.The average hospitalization costs and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups using t-test.Results The average hospitalization cost of the observation group was(6218.48 ±1432.75)yuan,which of the control group was(6913.32 ±1426.34)yuan,the average hospitalization time of the observation group was(6.49 ±1.91)d,which of the control group was(7.41 ±1.99)d,the differences between the two groups were significant(t=-4.480,-4.347,all P<0.01).Conclusion Application of peer support to the glucose management in patients with type 2 diabetes can effectively enhance education effect and reduce hospitalization cost and length of hospital stay.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells.

METHODSA human umbilical endothelium derived cell line (ECV-304) from ATCC was used in this study. The PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the endothelial cells were detected by Northern blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFbeta1 was determined by immunoprecipitation analysis and western blot.

RESULTSTGFbeta1 rapidly increased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the endothelial cells, and this effect lasted at least 24 hours. The upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGFbeta1 in endothelial cells was inhibited by rhein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhein inhibited endothelial PAI-1 protein production. Further study revealed that rhein had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFbeta1 in human endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONSOur results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases.

Anthraquinones ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Objective To apply the Plan -Do -Check -Act ( PDCA ) cycle in glucose management in inpatients with diabetes , in order to decrease the incidence of hypoglycemia and related complications .Methods 517 inpatients with diabetes were divided into 4 groups according to the quarter ,the monthly incidence rates of hypo-glycemia were collected.The association of monthly incidence of hypoglycemia with age (≥65 years),longer diabetic history (≥5 years),lower C-peptide (<0.370nmol/L),receiving combined regimen (basal insulin plus 3 doses of pre-prandial short-acting insulin ) were analyzed .PDCA cycle was applied for hypoglycemia detection and etiolo-gy control in order to achieve quality improvement via effective glucose control measures .Theχ2 test was used to ana-lyze the incidence of the hypoglycemia in each group .The hypoglycemic incidence based on different characteristics , were also compared with the overall hypoglycemic incidences of all patients .Results The incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly reduced with the application of PDCA cycle in inpatients with diabetes ,from 44.09％ in the first quarter to 13.04％ in the fourth quarter (χ2 =32.815,P<0.001).The annual hypoglycemic incidence rate was 26.89％.The patients with low C-peptide or receiving combined regimen had significantly higher incidence rate of hypoglycemia (53.57％and 31.88％) as compared to general inpatients with diabetes (χ2 =35.721,7.105,all P<0.05).Conclusion The application of PDCA cycle can effectively decrease the incidence of hypoglycemia ,and it can be a great asset for management of inpatients with diabetes .