Endothelial progenitor cells have self-replication and multi-differentiation potentials. They participate in the maintenance of vascular dynamics and physiological reconstruction. Though the research of endothelial progenitor cells has become a current hot spot, there are a series of unknown factors from the fields of the basic research to the clinical application. This article reviews the advances in research on endothelial progenitor cells,particularly the roles in ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To evaluate the effect of celastrol postconditioning on focal cerebral ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Sixty-four Sprague-Dawle rats (32 males,32 females),weighing 250300 g,were randomized into 4 groups using a random number table (n =16 each):sham operation group (group S) ; celastrol control group (group S + C) ; focal cerebral I/R group (group I/R) ; celastrol postconditioning group (group I/R + C).Focal cerebral I/R were produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 0.3 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally after shame operation in group S.Celastrol 3 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally after shame operation in group S + C.DMSO 0.3 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 5 min of reperfusion in group I/R.Celastrol 3 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 5 min of reperfusion in group I/R + C.The neurologic deficit was scored at 5 min before reperfusion and 24 h of reperfusion.The infarct size was detected by TTC staining,and then the percentage of infarct size was calculated.The pathological changes in CA1 region of ischemic hippocampus were detected by HE staining.The activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX),content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of NOX1 and NOX2 mRNA (by RT-PCR) in ischemic brain tissues were detected.Results Compared with S and S + C groups,the neurologic deficit scores,infarct size,percentage of infarct size,NOX activity and ROS content were significantly increased,and the expression of NOX1 mRNA and NOX2 mRNA was up-regulated in I/R and I/R + C groups (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with group I/R,the neurologic deficit scores,infarct size,percentage of infarct size,NOX activity and ROS content were significantly decreased,and the expression of NOX1 mRNA and NOX2 mRNA was down-regulated in group I/R+ C (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group S and group S + C (P ＞ 0.05).The pathological changes in CAl region of ischemic hippocampus were significantly attenuated in group I/R + C (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Postconditioning with celastrol can auenuate focal cerebral [/R injury in rats and inhibiton of oxidative stress response in brain tissues may be involved in the mechanism.

[Objective] To explore the counteractive mechanism of Tongmai Injection (IT) for excitotoxicity in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by observing the glutamic acid (Glu) content and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity in rats cortex. [ Methods ] Rat models with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were established by four-vessel occlusion. Glu content and NMDA receptor activity were examined by radioimmunoassay and the effects of TI on Glu and NMDA receptor were also observed. [ Results ] Glu content and NMDA receptor activity were both increased in the model group and TI could counteract the above changes. [Conclusion] Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion can induce excitotoxicity and TI can protect the cerebral cortex.

Objective To investigate the effects of EGB on hepatic fibrosis and expression of Activin A in rats with fibrosis.Methods From Oct.2004 to Apr.2005,the study was conducted in 30 adult male rats in the pepartment of Gastroenterology,the people's Hospital of Wuhan University.The rats were randomized into 3 groups:control group,model group and treatment group.Except the rats in the control group,others were induced to hepatic fibrosis by intraperitoneal injection of CCl_4 twice a week for 8 weeks.Those rats in the treatment group were intragastrically administered with EGB establish model of everyday.At the end of the 8th week,all rats were sacrificed.The samples of liver was staining with HE.The expression of Activin A was determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Results The grade of fibrosis in EGB-treated groups were lower than that in the model group(P

Objective To evaluate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in the progression of renal diseases. Methods ACE gene polymorphism was analyzed in 77 patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF) and 150 normal control. Results The frequences of DD and DI genotype were significantly higher in ESRF patients than normal control (DD, 15.6% VS 6.0%, P

Objective A LC/MS/MS method is developed for determination of paraquat in biological tissue.Methods The samples were pretreated with solid phase extraction using Oasis WCX cartridges and separated with HPLC,paraquat could be identified by LC/MS/MS.Result Calibration curves were linear on injection of amounts ranging from 0.02～20?g/ml and the limit of detection was 10ng/ml(S/N≥3).Conclusion The described menthod was proved to be sensitive,rapid and accurate,it will be applied in identification and determination of paraquat in biological tissues.

AIM:Activin A,a member of transforming growth factor superfamily,is the negative regulator factor in liver regeneration. In this study,the effects of extract of Ginkgo Biloba on hepatic fibrosis and the expression of Activin A in rats with cirrhosis were investigated. METHODS:The experiment was performed at in the Central Laboratory of Wuhan First Hospital from September 2005 to December 2006. ①Thirty-six male SD rats of(160?20) g were randomized into 3 groups:control group,model group and treatment group. ② Except the rats in the control group,others were intraperitoneally injected with 500 mL/L CCl4 for 8 weeks to establish models of hepatic fibrosis. Meanwhile,the extract treatment group was infused with the extract of Ginkgo Biloba(Chinese drugs preparation laboratory of Wuhan First Hospital,detected by Hubeu Wushi Medicine Industry Co.,Ltd. No. 02-391) daily for 8 weeks. ③After administration,all anesthetized rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for the determination of liver function biochemical indexes. Liver tissue samples were used for histopathological examinations. The expression of Activin A was determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS:All 36 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①The liver function in extract treatment group was significantly improved compared with that in model group. ②The grade of fibrosis in extract treatment group were remarkably lower than that in model group under light microscope. ③The positive staining of Activin A in treatment group was significantly reduced compared with model group. ④The expression of Activin A mRNA in extract treatment group was significantly reduced compared with model group. CONCLUSION:Extract of Ginkgo Biloba can effectively decrease the expression of Activin A in rats with hepatic fibrosis caused by CCl4,and lessen the degree of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of delirium in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture after internal fixation.Methods The data of 160 patients with intertrochanteric fractures who received internal fixation in our hospital from January 2012 to July 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.The risk factors such as age,sex,preoperative complications,preoperative cognitive function,fracture location,operation mode,operation time,anesthesia method,hospital-to-operation time and intraoperative blood loss were summarized.Results The incidence of postoperative delirium was 28.15％ in postoperative elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.Univariate analysis showed that delirium had correlated with preoperative cognitive impairment,preoperative preparation time,serum sodium,fentanyl,atrial fibrillation,anesthesia method,operation time and perioperative blood loss (P ＜ 0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of postoperative delirium were preoperative cognitive dysfunction,operative time more than 2 hours and preoperative preparation time more than 4 days.Conclusion The occurrence of postoperative delirium was associated with anesthesia method,cognitive deficits,preoperative preparation time and perioperative blood loss.The anesthesia method which had less effect on the whole body condition and less time of operation preparation can decrease the occurrence of postoperative delirium in a certain extent,which is conducive to improving the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of wogonin on ethology and its possible mechanisms in chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group,a wogonin intervention group,and a phosphate buffered solution (PBS) control group.A rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia was induced by the two-vessel occlusion method.Six weeks after modeling,the rats in the wogonin intervention group and the PBS control group were intragastric administrated with wogonin (50 μmol/L,10 ml/kg,once a day) and PBS with equal volume for 14 days.Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory function.Laser confocal three-dimensional vascular imaging was used to detect the vascular proliferation of ischemic brain tissue.5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)immunochemical staining was used to detect the cell proliferation in ischemic brain tissue.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphological changes of neural cells in cerebral ischernic region.Results The Morris water maze (n =8) showed that the trains of escape latency from the second to the fifth day in the wogonin intervention group were 43.45 ± 8.64 s,37.12 ± 1.31 s,34.75 ± 5.36 s,and 24.36 ± 5.43 s,respectively.They were significantly shorter than 51.69 ± 5.32 s,43.65 ± 9.21 s,50.19 ± 10.31 s,and 53.65 ± 7.15 s in the PBS control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The first quadrant swimming time of the wogonin intervention group was significantly longer than that of the PBS control group (26.16 ±3.29 s vs.14.38 ±2.16 s; P＜0.01).Laser confocal three-dimensional vascular imaging (n=4) showed that the capillary inner diameter in cerebral ischemia region of the wogonin intervention group was reduced significantly compared to the PBS control group (3.02 ±0.21 μm vs.3.35 ±0.18 μm; P ＜0.05),vascular density was increased significantly (205.80 ± 12.70/0.002 mm3vs.158.42 ± 10.92/0.002 mm3; P＜0.01),and total microvascular area was increased significantly (83 389 ± 4 026 μm2/0.002 mm3 vs.73 349 ±3 986 μm2/0.002 mm3; P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining (n =6) showed that the number of BrdU positive cells in the ischemic brain tissue of the wogonin intervention group was increased significantly compared to the PBS control group (24.62 ±3.25/HPF vs.9.87 ±2.89/HPF; P＜0.01).The observation of transmission electron microscope showed that the inflammatory edema in the intercellular spaces of the wogonin intervention group was significantly reduced compare to the PBS control group.Conclusions Wogonin can significantly improve the spatial learning and memory ability of chronic cerebral ischemia in rats,and its possible mechanisms may include the promotion of proliferation and angiogenesis in ischemic region and angiogenesis,and reduce inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of self-made blenderized diet used for nutritional support treatment in the ICU critically ill patients with diabetes. Methods 74 ICU critically ill patients with diabetes were randomly divided into two groups:study group and control group. The self-made blenderized diet were given to the patients in study group and enteral nutrition to the patients in control group for nutritional support treatment for four weeks. Then glucose metabolism, various nutrition indicators and gastrointestinal dysfunction were observed in these two groups. Results The fasting blood glucose and fructosamine levels were decreased significantly,while the nutritional indicators was significantly higher after treatment than at baseline in all patients. There was no significant difference in the levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, fructosamine and nutritional indicators between two groups after treatment,so were the incidence of the hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal complications. Conclusion The self-made blenderized diet was a good enteral nutrition support therapy for ICU critically ill patients with diabetes which had a considerable effect, but more cheaper,and practical compared to the enteral nutrition emulsions.