Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug carrier have become the new hot point in the field of biomedical application in recent years. This review focuses on the more recent developments and achievements on experimental design aspect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with cancer diagnosis and therapy. The key advances of functionalization strategies of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with controlled release, tumor targeting and overcoming multidrug resistance are discussed in particular. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as unique delivery systems have the potential to provide significantly a sound platform for cancer theranostic application.

OBJECTlVE To investigate the antidepressant effect and reIated mechanism of the totaI fIavonoids extract parts( Iicorice fIavonoids,LF)from Glycyrrhiza uralensisFisch. cuItivated IocaIIy in Ningxia. METHODS Forced swimming test( FST)and taiI suspension test( TST)were adopted to study the antidepressant pharmacoIogicaI effect in the acute stress-induced depression modeI in mice. The Km mice were intragastricaIIy administered with LF(5,30 and 180 mg·kg-1 )once daiIy,for 21 con-secutive days. One hour after the first,seventh and Iast administrations,the mice were submitted to FST by recording the immobiIity period within the Iast 4 min of the totaI 6 min in both tests and the resuIts were expressed as decrease in immobiIity period with respect to vehicIe controI. In TST,the other group of Km mice was used to evaIuate the antidepressant effect in same protocoI. In the antagonism of reserpine-induced symptoms test( ART),ICR mice were administered intragastricaIIy with LF( 50,150 and 400 mg·kg-1 )once daiIy for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the Iast administration,the mice received reserpine(4 mg·kg-1 ,ip),and ptosis or akinesia was measured 1 h after reserpine injection whiIe rectaI temperature was measured 4 h after the reserpine injection respectiveIy. The same protocoI was adopted in yohimbine toxicity potentiation test(YTT)as in ART. Thirty minutes fter the Iast adminis-tration,the mice received the threshoId IethaI dosage of yohimbine(30 mg·kg-1 ,sc)respectiveIy,and the death number of the mice was caIcuIated in 24 h after the yohimbine administration. In the 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan(5-HTP)induced head-twitches test(HTT)in mice,after being administered intragastricaIIy with LF(50,150 and 400 mg·kg-1 )once daiIy for 7 consecutive days,the mice received pargiIine (100 mg·kg-1 ,ip)the next day,and 30 min Iater,5-HTP(10 mg·kg-1 ,ip)was intraperitoneaIIy injec-ted to induced the head twitch respectiveIy,and the times of head twitch in a 30 min period after 5-HTP treatment were observed at 6 time points. After HTT,the mice were sacrificed quickIy,and the mono-amine oxidase(mAO)activity in the brain cortex,hippocampus and thaIamus was examined to evaIuate the antidepressant effect of fIavonoids with mAO inhibition. RESULTS Compared with the vehicIe controI,LF significantIy decreased the immobiIity period in both FST and TST(P﹤0.05). LF(50,150 and 400 mg·kg-1 )antagonized the ptosis and akinesia symptoms respectiveIy in 1 h after reserpine administration( P ﹤ 0. 05 ), but faiIed to antagonize hypothermia produced 4 h after reserpine administration. AIso,at the same dosage,LF did not synergeticaIIy produce the enhancement of death by subcutaneous injection of yohimbine at the threshoId IethaI dosage. LF(150 and 400 mg·kg-1 )couId significantIy and synergeticaIIy increase 5-HTP induced head-twitches response(P﹤0.05),but LF couId not promote mAO activity in the cortex,hippocampus and thaIamus at the same dosage. CONCLUSlON LF exerts antidepressant-Iike effect on the modeI of acute despair test. The mechanism might be reIated to direct enhancement of the serotonergic neuraI function in the brain.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epileptic seizure-like effect of Sophora alkaloid sophoridine on electroencepholography (EEG) and its possible characteristic and the mechanism of the seizure-like effect.

METHODChronic electron implantation was employed for the intracranial electroencepholography (IEEG) recording in rat, and the traditional anti-seizure drugs were for the mechanism study in mice.

RESULTCompared with the medial perforant path (PP) area and the temporal cortex (TC), the granule cells in hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) area is more sensitive in the kindling effect by sc sophoridine. Under-threshold hypnotic dosage of diazepam and the hypnotic dosage of pentobarbital sodium can block the sophoridine kinded seizure in mice, but the phenytoin sodium can not block the seizure, also the dosage of it can block the maximal electroconvulsive shock (MES) seizure.

CONCLUSIONSophoridine-induced synchronous oscillations in the hippocampus could elicit the generation and development of seizure. And the hippocampus might play the crucial role and be the original part of the seizure. Sophoridine kinded seizure might belong to clonic seizures, and the diazepam is the ideal agent for the treatment.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Quinolizines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sophora ; chemistry