Objective:To investigate the relationship between antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter bauman-nii to provide reference for rational antibiotics use. Methods:The DDDs of antibiotics in the inpatients and the drug resistance rate of A. baumannii were analyzed in our hospital from 2010 to 2014. The relationship between the antibiotics use and the antimicrobial re-sistance of A. baumannii was analyzed by SPSS 19. 0. Results:From 2010 to 2014, the total DDDs of antimicrobials in our hospital were decreased year by year in the first three years, while increased significantly in the last two years. The total DDDs of cephalospo-rins always ranked the first and the DDDs of carbapenem were increased year by year. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii a-gainst multiple antibacterials was increased in varying degrees in the past five years. In addition to levofloxacin, cefoperazone/sulbac-tam and tigecycline, the resistance rate against the other antibacterials was increased up to 50% in 2014. The resistant rate of A. bau-mannii against ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, cefepime, imipenem and tazobactam/piperacillin presented a positive correlation with the DDDs of cephalosporins and quinolones(P<0. 05). The resistance rate of A. baumannii against cefepime, imipenem tazobactam/pip-eracillin and levofloxacin was also positively correlated with the DDDs of carbapenem(P<0. 05). Conclusion: Antibiotics consump-tion is related to drug resistance of A. baumannii,so it is necessary to strengthen the management of clinical antibiotics use to decrease the multidrug-resistant strains.

Objective To report the treatment outcome of nonunion of tibial fractures with local muscle flap transfer and injection of autogenous bone marrow. Methods 15 patients who had suffered from nonunion of tibial fracture 10 to 42 (mean 22) months after the initial injury underwent open reduction, internal fixation with locking intramedullary nail, wound coverage with locally transferred muscle flap and injection of autogenous bone marrow into the fracture site 12 to 15 days after operation. Results The follow-ups revealed bone union in all the cases of this series with a mean healing time of 22 (3 to 11) months. Except for limited necrosis of the skin edge in 2 cases which healed after dressing changes, the wounds healed primarily in all the cases without infection and implant failure. Conclusion Besides stable internal fixation and bone graft, coverage of fracture site with locally transferred muscle flap and injection of autogenous bone marrow can be used to treat nonunion of tibial fractures with satisfactory results.

Objective To investigate the effects of bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation on neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and neurogenin 1 (Ngnl) in focal cerebral ischemic rats.Methods A total of 64 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal (N) + phosphate-buffered solution (PBS),middle cerebral occlusion (MCAO)+ PBS,N + BMSC and MCAO + BMSC groups (n =16 in each group).A rat model was induced by the intraluminal suture method.BMSC was cultured in vitro.At 24 h after modeling,brain transplantation was conducted.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect infarct volume in vivo.NeuN/DAP,Ngnl/DAPIimmunofluorescence double-labeling and Western blot were used to detect the expression of NeuN and Ngnl around ischemic brain tissue.Results On day 14 after transplantation,the T1-and T2-weighted imaging revealed that the cerebral cortex and striatum had abnormal signal areas in the rats of the MCAO group.The infarct volume of the MCAO + BMSC group was significantly less than that of the MCAO + PBS group (32.5％ ± 4.2％ vs.47.9％ ± 7.9％ ; P ＜ 0.01).Immunofluorescence doublelabeling assay showed that the numbers of cells of NeuN+/DAPI+ (976.2 ± 87.5/mm2 vs.1 908.3 ±127.8/mm2; P ＜ 0.01) and Ngn1 +/DAPI + (251.6 ± 23.1/rmm2 vs.285.1 ± 25.2/mm2 ; P ＜ 0.01) of the MCAO + PBS group were significantly less than those of the N + PBS group,but those of NeuN+/DAPI +(1 439.9 ± 101.7/mm2; P ＜ 0.01) and Ngn1 +/DAPI + (356.3 ± 35.6/mm2; P ＜ 0.01) of the MCAO + BMSC group were significantly more than the MCAO + PBS group.Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of NeuN (0.69 ±0.06 vs.0.91 ±0.09; P ＜0.01) and Ngn1 (0.53 ±0.05 vs.0.62 ±0.07;P ＜0.01) of the MCAO +PBS group were significantly lower than those of the N +PBS group,but those of NeuN (0.82 ± 0.07; P ＜ 0.01) and Ngn1 (0.77 ± 0.09; P ＜ 0.01) of the MCAO + BMSC group were significantly higher than the MCAO + PBS group.Conclusions BMSC transplantation may promote the expression of NeuN and Ngn1,and alleviate MCAO caused brain injury.

Objective To observe the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on humoral immunity func-tion in patients who received modified radical mastectory (MRM). Methods Eigty female patients were randomly divided into control group(group Ⅰ ,n =40) and intervention group (group Ⅱ,n =40). Blood samples were taken pre-intervention (T1), after intervention ( T2 ) and 30 rain after operation ( T3 ) for the determination of lgG, IgA, IgM. Results Compared with T1, IgG, IgA, IgM at T2 and T3 in two groups were lowered, IgG [ ( 11.8±2.2 ) g/L vs (9.5 + 1.5) g/L,t = 5. 4630,P =0.0041 ] and IgA [(1.9±0.3)g/L vs (1.7±0.4) g/L,t =2. 5298,P = 0.0134 ] at T3 in group Ⅱ were significantly different as compared with that of group Ⅰ ; IgM at T2 [ (2.5±0.8 ) g/L vs (2.1±0.6)g/L,t =2.8276,P=0.0072] and T3[ (2.1±0.5)g/L vs (1.6±0.5)g/L,t =4.4721,P = 0.0000 ] was significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Preoperative-SGB can improve the inhibi-tion degree of humoral immunity caused by modified radical mastectory.

To obtain recombinant human β2-microglobulin (rhβ2M) with properties of good solubility and high purity from E. coli, prokaryotic expression conditions were optimized and protein purification was performed in this study. After testing the effect of different IPTG concentrations, temperatures and induction times on the production of rhβ2M, the optimum expression conditions were determined, i. e. joining IPTG to final concentration being 0.8 mmol/L and inducing time 6 h and at temperature of 25 degrees C. Under the optimum induction conditions, the ratio of soluble rhβ2M to soluble bacterial protein was 63.7%. After purified by Ni Sepharose 6 Fast Flow, the purity of rhβ2M achieved a greater value of 95%. Western blot analysis revealed that rhβ2M possessed the antigen property that specifically interacted with anti-β2M antibody.
Blotting, Western ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Solubility ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; biosynthesis

Adult ; Aged ; Dust ; analysis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Niacin ; therapeutic use ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; blood ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Silicon Dioxide ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE To explore how to realize the superior effect of Hospital Information System(HIS) in management of Nosocomial Infection(NI).METHODS Based on the platform of HIS,the prospective investigation,prevalence surveying,targeted surveillance and usage of antibiotics were performed.Drug-resistance was also monitored in real time.RESULTS Applying the HIS,infection control personnel could perform the overall surveillance on patients′ nosocomial infections.The hospital infection control process was optimized and time was saved for all medical personnel.CONCLUSIONS The application of the HIS enhances the hospital infection management level and decreases the incidence rate of NI,which may deserve to be generalized.

Objective To study the quality standard of Folium Nelumbinis.Methods Flavonoids of Folium Nelumbinis were identified by TLC.The extraction conditions of flavonoids was studied and the content of total flavonoids was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry .Results Quercetin in Folium Nelumbinis was identified by TLC.The optimal extraction conditions were defined and the content of total flavonoids was about 13 %.Conclusion This method is simple and convenient, and is feasible for the quantitative determination of Folium Nelumbinis.

BACKGROUND:Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS),a chitin derivative,has a good application performance that makes it become a safe and effective hemostatic material.OBJECTIVE:To determine the hemostatic effect of CMCS and its biosecurity properties.METHODS:(1) CMCS powder was scattered on the caudal vein and liver wounds of Sprague-Dawley rats,and the hemostatic time was recorded as experimental group,while the time for natural haemostasis of the wound was recorded as control group.(2) CMCS powder was scattered on the tail,femoral artery and liver wounds of ICR mice,and the hemostatic time was recorded as experimental group,while the time for natural haemostasis of the wound was recorded as control group.(3) CMCS,Sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and distilled water were respectively applied on the skin of albino rabbits in a skin irritation test.(4) A delayed-type hypersensitivity test of CMCS was carried out by intradermal injection of CMCS in guinea pigs.(5) An intradermal irritation test was carried out by subcutaneous injection of normal saline containing CMCS and normal saline,respectively.Another intradermal irritation test was carried out by subcutaneous injection of the supernatant of CMCS olive oil extract and olive oil,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group,the hemostatic time for caudal vein and liver wounds were significantly shortened in the Sprague-Dawley rats in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.01).(2) Compared with the control group,the time of hemostasis on the tail,femoral artery and liver wounds was significantly shortened in the ICR mice in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).(3) The CMCS had no irritation to the skin of albino rabbits and no allergic reaction to the skin of guinea pigs.To conclude,the CMCS has good hemostatic effect on the wound in Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice,and has no skin irritation,allergic reactions and intradermal irritation reactions in albino rabbits and guinea pigs,which is a relatively safe hemostatic material.

BACKGROUND: Cell apoptosis is one of the important pathological changes in ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury. As the key factor involved in cell apoptosis regulation, interleukin (IL)-iβ converting enzyme, when activated, leads to cell apoptosis via protein degradation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the expression of IL-1β converting enzyme and cell apoptosis in cerebral IR injury and explore the role of this enzyme in post-ischemia cell apoptosis.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Center of Neuroscience of the Third Military Medical University between March 1996 and December 2000. Totally 64 adult healthy Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, namely IR group (n=56) and sham operation group (n=8). In IR group, the rats were subjected to four vessel occlusion to mimic whole brain IR injury, and reperfusion was carried out after 30 minutes of ischemia for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days, respectively (8 rats at each time point). Only separation but not occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery was performed in sham operation group.METHODS: Four rats were randomly selected from IR group at each time point and 4 from the sham operation group for immunohistochemical study and in situ hybridization, with the other 4 rats for in situ end-labeling assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Protein and mRNA expression of ILlβ converting enzyme and neural cell apoptosis in the brain.RESULTS: Totally 64 rats were used in this study and all data were statistically analyzed. In the sham operation group, IL-1β converting enzyme protein and mRNA were expressed in small amount in most of the normal brain tissues, and their expressions were also detected in the neurons and small glial cells in IR group localized mainly in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum Purkinje's cells, hippocampal and subcortical white matters. The expression of IL-lβ converting enzyme began to increase at IR 12 hours, reaching the peak level at 48-72 hours followed by declination since 7 days after the operation. Cell apoptosis occurred 12 hours after IR (49.4±6.8) /section and peaked at 72 hours (228.6±29.8)/section, showing significant correlation with the temporal expression of IL-1β converting enzyme protein and mRNA (r=0.89, 0.68, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Expressions of IL-1β converting enzyme protein and mRNA increased after IR in close correlation with post-ischemia cell apoptosis, and their temporal expression pattern supports the presumption that IL-1β converting enzyme is an important factor in cell apoptosis.Apoptosis is mostly likely to occur in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglion in IR injury, where IL-1β converting enzyme is highly expressed, further demonstrating that post-ischemia expression of IL-1β converting enzyme might be involved in cell apoptosis regulation.