Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of gatifloxacin gel to bacterial conjunctivitis. Methods Double-blind and random selection were designed for the study,with levofloxacin gel as the control medicine.Thirty-six eyes of the experimental group and 36 of the control group were eligible for evaluation.Each eye received the gel one drop a time and three times per day.The gels were applied to the conjunctiva sac for 7 d. Results The clinic effectiveness of experimental group and control group were 88.89% and 91.67%,which indicated no significant difference.Microbial eradication rates were 90.48% and 93.75%,no significant difference either.Safety composite scores were similar between groups. Conclusion Gatifloxacin ophthalmic gel is safe and effective for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis,and contains certain clinical value.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infectious disease regarded to be a public-health problem worldwide. Since the 1990s, HFMD began to spread in the Asia-Pacific region (especially in South-East Asia). HFMD outbreaks have occurred in mainland China frequently since 2008, and the morbidity and mortality of HFMD has continued to increase in recent years. In mainland China, enterovirus A serotype enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) have been the major pathogens of HFMD during these years. However, the etiological spectrum of HFMD changes with time. This review focuses mainly on the etiological spectrum of HFMD and changes in epidemic patterns in mainland China.
China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Prevalence

Cancer cells frequently share biological characteristics and energy metabolic processes distinct from normal cells. The specific metabolic phenotype was originally known as the Warburg effect. Researchers later discovered that cancer cells prefer to synthesize fatty acid de novo . Moreover, key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation are overexpressed in tumor tissues, with low or without expression in normal tissues. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is related to the survival and invasiveness of cancer cells, indicating that abnormal fatty acid metabolism provides the crucial components and energy sources of cancer cells. In recent years, the specific phenotype of abnormal fatty acid metabolism and the exploration of the role of this metabolic alteration in cancer biology and therapeutic strategies targeting the fatty acid metabolic pathways have become attractive focuses in cancer research. The role of active fatty acid metabolism in tumorigenesis and development, as well as the research progress in the development of the specific inhibitors, is reviewed in this paper.

Joint prosthesis is one of the most successful procedures in orthopaedic surgery and has considerably improved the quality of life for patients affected by terminal joint disease. However,a number of joint prosthesis ultimately failed because of aseptic loosening. There have been major advances in the understanding of aseptic loosening. The RANKL-RANK-OPG-NF-?B system has been shown to play a fundamental role in aseptic loosening. We review how the RANKL-RANK-OPG-NF-?B system regulates aseptic loosening and aseptic loosening drug intervention.

Objective To describe and study the abdominal computed tomographic(CT)findings in patients with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis(PLAM). Methods Abdominal CT was performed in all the seven cases with histopathologically proved pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis, then the abdominal CT findings were described. Results Six of these 7 cases had positive abdominal CT findings:renal angiomyolipoma in 2 cases,one of these patients also had dilatation of the thoracic duct and pleural effusion;enlarged abdominal lymph nodes in 2 cases, one patient also had ascites and pleural effusion.Others findings included lymphangiomyoma and uterine tumor in one, hepatic angiomyolipoma in one. Conclusion PLAM can be complicated by abdominal multiorganic pathology frequently,abdominal examination in patients with PLAM must be valued greatly,CT examination is of important significance to discover and diagnosis abdominal pathology.

Objective To assess the clinical effects of supracapsular implantation with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens in pediatric cataract.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 15 cases(17 eyes)with pediatric cataract.Methods Phacoemulsification,posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis,about 4 mm in diameter,supracapsular implantation with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens in pediatric cataract were performed.Main Outcome Measures Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity,intraocular pressure,position of IOL,intraoperative and postoperative complications.Results Implantation of optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens was successfully performed in 17 eyes.Positions of IOL were changed in 5 eyes after operation 6 months,from post-capsule to supra-capsule.Among these 5 eyes,opaque optic axis were found in 4 eyes.No optic axis opaque was found in 13 eyes with optic capture.The major complications of optic capture were lenticular precipitates:grade 1 in 3 eyes(18%);grade 2 in 7 eyes(41%).Anterior synechia of iris occurred in 1 eye(6%);posterior synechia of iris in 4 eyes(24%).Pupil deformity occurred in 5 eyes(29%).Conclusions Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and supracapsular implantation with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens are safe and effective in the treatment of pediatric cataract,especially in the prevention of secondary opacification from the visual axis.

Three aspects of advances in study on the carcinogenicity of alga toxins are reviewed in this paper. Water pollution by alga toxins has become a worldwide environmental problem, and special attention has been paid to the potential carcinogenicity of microcystins, the main alga toxin. Results from the study on structure_activity relationship, short_term screening assay in vitro and long_term rodent carcinogenesis bioassay all showed that alga toxins possessed tumor_promoting activities. It suggested that inhibition of protein phosphatase activities, induction of expression changes of cell proliferation_related genes, dysregulations of signal transduction and cell proliferation might be the mechanisms of the carcinogenesis effect of alga toxins.

Intracranial aneurysms are a severe cerebrovascular disease.Its incidences ranged from 2% to 4% in general population.With the population aging and the development of imaging technique,the prevalence of intracranial aneurysm is increasing year by year.The research of natural course of aneurysm has important significance for neurosurgeons to evaluate the validity of therapeutic measures.There are significant differences between the patients with aneurysm who have had subarachnoid hemorrhage and those who have not.The rates of ruptured intracranial aneurysms per year ranged from 0.066% to 2%.The risk factors that affect ruptured intracranial aneurysms including the size and place of aneurysm,whether it is multiple aneurysms or not,growth rate,and self-factors of patients,such as age,sex,and history of hypertension and smoking,etc.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscope microwave ablation therapy for liver cancer.Methods Twenty-four special sites (at least 1 lesion close to diaphragmatic muscle,gallbladder,stomach,colon and big lacuna exterior and interior of liver) of primary liver cancer patients (32 nodes) were selected,and the patients were treated with laparoscope microwave ablation therapy.The rate of complete remission after treatment,the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) before and after treatment,postoperative complication and follow-up condition were observed.Results All the patients successfully completed the operation.The rate of complete remission after treatment was 87.50％ (28/32).Six patients had fever,8 patients had pain,and 2 patients had pleural effusion,and no patient had serious complication such as postoperative bleeding,biliary fistula or gastrointestinal perforation,etc.Five patients showed recurrence at 2,3,3,7 and 9 months after treatment,1 patient was treated with radio frequency ablation,1 patient was treated with microwave ablation again,2 patients were treated with γ knife,1 patient was treated with conservative method and then died of liver failure.The patients without recurrence were disease-free survival.Conclusions Laparoscope microwave ablation therapy has the advantages of laparoscope and microwave ablation.It is safe and feasible,with few trauma and outstanding curative effect,especially for the liver cancer in special site.

Background The pre-chop technique can decrease the use of ultrasound power,and thus reducing the loss of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and injuries of other intraocular structures.Many currently developed manual pre-chop techniques restrict the wide application of the pre-chop technique because of their intrinsic disadvantages.The present study describes a manual pre-chop technique for pre-slicing the lens nucleus by using a novel reverse chopper,which has not been reported yet.Objective This study was to compare the efficacy and safety of pre-chop technique using a reverse chopper and stop-and-chop phacoemulsification technique on Ⅳ degree hard nucleus cataract.Methods A prospective clinical-controlled interventional study was performed.Thirty-two eyes of 32 cataract patients with Ⅳ degree of nucles were enrolled in People's Hospital of Hetian District from March 2015 to January 2016.The patients were randomized into the prechop group and matched stop-and-chop group according to random number table.The self-made reverse chopper-assisted pre-chop phacoemulsification surgery and stop-and-chop phaco surgery were performed on the eyes of corresponding groups,respectively.The ultrasound power,effective phaco duration,corneal endothelium loss rate,the eye number of different grade of cornea edema after operation and vision outcome were compared between the two groups.Written informed consent was obtained prior to relevant examination and surgery.Results The mean effective Phaco durations were 42.56 (39.31,45.81) seconds and 78.63 (73.85,83.40) seconds in the prechop group and stop-and-chop group,with a significant difference between them (Z =-4.937,P =0.000).The eye number with different degree of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly different between the two groups,at postoperative day 1 and day 3 (P =0.013,0.033).The number of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) 1 month after surgery was (2 026.05 ± 154.03)/mm2 in the prechop group,and the number was (1 866.50-± 117.16)/mm2 in the stop-and-chop group,with a significant difference between them (t =3.298,P=0.003).The CECs loss rate was (13.36±2.85) ％ in the prechop group,which was lower than (25.77±3.81) ％ in the stop-and-chop group (t=-6.996,P=0.000).The eye number with different degree of corneal edema was significantly decreased in the prechop group compared with the stop-and-chop group at postoperative day 1 and day 3 (P =0.001,0.002).Conclusions Compared with the stop-and-chop phaco technique,a reverse chopper-assisted pre-chopping technique can decrease the intraoperative complication,lighten the postoperative damage of CECs and accelerate visual rehabilitation in hard nucleus cataract eyes.