Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance change trend of pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in hospital clinical infection in order to provide laboratory basis for rational clinical use of medications.Methods Statistical analyses was conducted retrospectively in 818 strains of PA separated in our hospital from January 2007 to December 2011.Results Of all the separation,PA number of the pathogen constituted a ratio of 15.2％ (818/5365) ; The main source of specimens was sputum,accounting for 82.6％ (676/818).There was good antimicrobial activity of Imipenem,Piperacillin/Tazobactam,Aztreonam,Ceftazidime,Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin to PA,with resistance rates of 14.9％ (97/653),25.0％ (179/716),26.8％ (179/667),26.9％ (208/773),28.6％ (211/738) and 29.1％ (220/757) respectively; The resistance of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin did not change significantly during 2007-2010 year,but in 2011 year a significant decrease of resistance rates was found (ciprofloxacin:35.1％ (175/498) vs.17.4％ (45/259) ; Levofloxacin:38.0％ (181/476) vs.11.5％ (30/262)) ; During 2009-2011 year,the resistance of Imipenem and Amikacin increased year by year (Imipenem:7.4％ (9/121) vs.7.7％ (66/209) vs.19.5％ (51/262) ; Amikacin:13.0％ (2/23) vs.33.3％ (69/207) vs.36.2％ (94/260)).Conclusion PA detection rate and its resistance is rising from 2007 to 2011 year.We should make rational drug use clinically according to antimicrobial susceptibility test results.Laboratories shall strengthen the bacterial resistance monitoring.

the Purpose of spermatozoon storerooms are setting up for solving the sterile problem.But some storerooms are found for commercial aim such as the spermatozoon storeroom,for celebrities or doctors'.It should not be approved of.The reasons is that it conflicts with such concepts as life equality,ethical relationship among families,and option for sterile couples.We should prohibit the establishment of the spermatozoon storeroom for the commercial purposes.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis,and it is associated with the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovaseular diseases.This article reviews the mechanism of action of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease,and the neuroprotective effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitors.

Objective To analyze the variations and influencing factors of hospitalization expenditure of cervical cancer patients among urban employees in Beijing from 2006 to 2010,and to provide evidences for developing reasonable measures of medical expenses control.Methods Based on the hospitalization expenditure data of 1146 cervical cancer cases,the paper probed into the changes of hospitalization age and hospitalization expenditure,and the influencing factors of hospitalization expenditure by means of descriptive analysis and multiple stepwise regression.Results The last 5 years witnessed no significant change in the first hospitalization age of cervical cancer patients,rise of hospitalization age,gradual rise of the hospitalization expenditure per time along with their age groups,as well as a rising trend of the average hospitalization expenses,average drug cost and proportion of average drug cost year by year.Results of the multiple stepwise linear regression showed that days of stay,proportion of drug cost and surgery or not as important influencing factors for hospitalization expenditure.Conclusion Hospitalization expenditure of cervical cancer keeps growing.Against this background,reasonable shortening of the days of stay,reasonable setup of an appropriate proportion of out-of-pocket payment,and reduction of the proportion of drug costs become effective means to reduce hospitalization expenditure.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the drug resistance evolution of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA,to provide the basis for prevention and control measures.Methods 576 strains of clinical isolated Staphylococcus aureus from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed.The bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test were detected by VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacteria identification instrument.Results The separation rate of MRSA from 2009 to 2012 was 59.5％,but the separation rate was gradually decreased per year.The antibacterial activity of MRSA was better to vancomycin,linezolid,quinupristin/Dalfopristin,teicoplanin,nitrofurantoin (resistance rate ＜ 2.4％).The resistance rate and sensitive rate of MRSA to tigecycline was 0.0％,intermediary rate was 100.0％.The resistance of MRSA to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,clindamycin,tetracycline and erythromycin was gradually decreased.From 2010 to 2012,The resistance of MRSA to cotrimoxazole decreased significantly,from 65.3％ in 2010 to 28.2％ in 2011 and 4.7％ in 2012 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Separation of MRSA and drug resistance is reduced year by year,we should continue to strengthen the administration of antimicrobial agents,scientific and reasonable application of antibacterial drugs,reduce the incidence of multiresistant bacteria and drug resistance.

Objective To understand the antibacterial activity of nitrofurantoin from gram negative bacilli,provide the basis for clinical rational use of furan appropriate for drugs.Methods Gram negative bacilli 5 589 strains isolated from clinical were monitored between January 2009 and December 2009.VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacteria identification instrument was used for bacteria identification and drug sensitive test.Whonet 5.6 software was used for data analysis.Results E.coli and klebsiella bacteria produced acid with nitrofurantoin had good antibacterial activity (resistance to ＜ 4.3%),E.coli and klebsiella pneumoniae to with nitrofurantoin for antimicrobial activity was good (the percentages of 25.6% ～ 25.6%),pseudomonas aeruginosa,acinetobacter baumannii,singular deformation bacteria and glue abdulrahman al saleh,bacterium antibacterial activity of furan appropriate for poorer(ni 93.7% ～ 98.9%).Imine resistance from south pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA),resistant to carbon penicillium alkene antimicrobial acinetobacter baumannii(CR-AB) and penicillium carbon alkene antimicrobial drug resistant enterobacteriaceae bacteria(CRE) with nitrofurantoin because of the percentages were 100.0% (108/108),100.0% (335/335) and 96.1% (74/77).Conclusion Urine,blood,pus,and secretion of primary separation of E.coli with nitrofurantoin has better antimicrobial activity; Sputum specimens of primary separation of pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii with nitrofurantoin has the high prevalence of resistance.

Objective To understand the hospital intensive care unit(ICU) pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance for providing the basis for rational drug use and hospital infection control and prevention.Methods The drug resistance of 749 strains of pathogenic bacteria the separated from ICU was analyzed from January 2009 to December 2012.VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacteria identification instrument was used to detect bacteria identification and drug sensitive test using.Results There were Acinetobacter baumannii(208 strains,27.8％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(108 strains,14.4％),E.coli (96 strains,12.8 ％),Staphylococcus aureus (76 strains,10.1％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(62 strains,8.3％) mainly accupied in 749 strains of pathogenic bacteria.The species was mainly from sputum specimens sources (503 strains,67.2％) ; the separation rate of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 82.9％ (63/76) ; the separation rate of Imine resistance from South pseudomonas aeruginosa(IRPA) was 22.2％ (24/108) ; the separation rate of resistance to carbon penicillium alkene antimicrobial acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) was 88.0％ (183/208).The resistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to amikacin was from 28.6％ to 31.5％,the other 20 kinds of antimicrobial drug resistant rate was as high as 81.6％-100.0％ ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,aztreonam and piperacillin/tazobactam resistant rate of 11.6％-25.0％.Conclusion Detection of pathogens in ICU,multi-drug resistance is serious,the hospital should strengthen the bacterial drug resistance monitoring,rational use of antimicrobial drugs,reduce the nosocomial infection.

Objective To explore the relationship between work engagement and job-person fit among nurses.Methods 465 nurses from five first-class general hospitals in Chengdu were assessed by the Utrecht Work Engagement scale(UWES)and the Areas of Worklife Survey(AWS).Results The mean value of work engagement among nurses was (3.21±1.09).Work engagement and job-person fit were positively related.Regression analysis suggested that job-person fits were significant predictors of nurses'work engagement.Exactly,value fit,workload fit,control fit and fairness fit were effective predictors of vigor.Value fit,fairness fit,reward fit and workload fit were effective predictors of dedication.Value fit,control fit,fairness fit and community fit were effective predictors of absorption.Conclusions The work engagement in nurses was at the moderate level.Job-person fits were powerful predictors of work engagement.Good fit among the six areas of work life can improve the work engagement among nurses.

Vascular eognitive impairment (VCI) is a large class of syndromes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, which are caused by the cerebrovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia), obvious (eg, cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage) or unobvious cerebrovascular diseases (leukoaraiosis and chronic cerebral ischemia). Accurate early diagnosis provides the best treatment opportunity and slows down the progress of the disease. In recent years, the research on VCI has made a great progress. This article reviews VCI from the aspects of the etiology, clinical manifestation, neuropsychology, imaging, neuroelectrophysiology, biomarkers, and diagnostic criteria.

The lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a subtype of the phospholipase A2 superfamily, is produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes. Lp-PLA2specifically hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids on oxidized low-density lipoprotein particles,resulting in production of lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized fatty acids. Lp-PLA2 is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and in macrophages within a fibrous cap of unstable plaque.Studies haw shown that the plasma Lp-PLA2 activity increases significantly in patients with ischemic stroke, and Lp-PLA2 may become an independent risk factor for predicting ischemic cerebrovascular events. The selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor can reduce the inflammatory response,enhance the stability of plaques, and inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and may become a new class of drugs for preventing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.