BACKGROUND: At present, there are some researches on the cognitive identification of Chinese characters at home or abroad, however, most of them are based on the normal and healthy people.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the processing styles of optical information on phonemic code, graphic code and semantic code of Chinese haracters between hearing-disabled and normal people.DESIGN: Retrospective, observational and compared analysis based on the hearing-disabled as research subjects and the normal as the controlled group.SETTING: Department of education in a university.PARTICIPANTS: This study was completed in Xi' an between October 2001 and April 2002. With the mean age of 17 years and half in gender, 20hearing-disabled people, who were in grade 6 to grade 8, were selected from the Second School for the Deaf and Dumb in Xi' an. Inclusion criteria: The hearing loss of people was more than or equal to 92 dB. Exclusion criteria:People with acquired hearing-disabled were excluded. At the beginning of study in primary school, they were accepted oral training and taught Chinese pinyi, but gesture was the main communicated style in their daily life. With the mean age of 15 years and half in gender, 28 normal people, who were in grade 3, were selected from the No. 99 Middle School in Xi'an.METHODS: This study showed with serial opticum. The diagnostic method was compared with the cognitive identification of the three kinds of Chinese characters between the hearing-disabled and the normal respectively.phonemic code, graphic code and semantic code between hearing-disabled characters between hearing-disabled and normal people.RESULTS: The results showed that the function of graphic code in visual processing was strongly correlated with recognition of words of Chinese characters than the phoneme code and semantic code in both the hearing-disabled and hearing children. For hearing-disabled children, the alternative was the direct access that a semantic code was produced directly from a translation of the graphic code, however, the hearing children used the strategies of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules to interpret the meaning of words.CONCLUSION: The analysis of various results showe that no significant differences of mental processing are found between the hearing-disabled and hearing children. Perhaps both the direct access and the grapheme-phoneme conversion will be a comprehensive information processing activated each other.

Objective:To investigate the effective mechanism for transfection of rat brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) gene by recombinant adeno-associated virus in the cultured hippocampal neurons.Methods:rAAV-BDNF was injected into the serum free-induced neurons.DAPI,PI and Actin stain was performed to measure the apoptosis cells and morphogenesis of the cells.Results:After the gene transfer,the survival rate of the serum free-induced neurons was increased by 65%.Conclusion:The recombinant adeno-associated virus vector can protect the serum free-induced neurons from Apoptosis.

Complications of anterior approach to the cervical spine ara encountered during exposure,spinal procedure, interbody fusion and the postoperative period. 200 cases of such operative procedure observed by the authors are analyzed, and they are divided into following two types:1.Operative injuries: Include the following:(1)Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy;(2) Homer's syndrome; (3) spinal cord and nerve root injury; (4) cere-brospinal fluid fistula; (5) sleepinduced apnea, and others.2. Postoperative complications include: (1) postoperative hematoma; (2) failure of bony fusion, nonunion and anterior angulation deformity; (3) laryngo-spasm; (4) infection of the operative wound; (5) persistent pain of the iliac donor site.It is the opinion of the authors that the anterior approach to the cervical spine invites less serious complications than the posterior approach, and It should be employed more extensively for degenerative and traumatic disorders of the cervical spine.

The influence of sodium selenite on the replication of Coxsackie B5 virus in monkey kidney cells was studied. When the host cells were cultured in a medium containing 0.05 or 0.5 ug/ml sodium selenite and reproduced continually to 3-10 generations, the titer of Coxsackie B5 virus in cell suspensions was markedly reduced and accompanied with the obvious increase of the surviving rate of the host cells (p

The effect of selenium on the synthesis of nucleic acids in human am-nion cells and monkey kidey cells was studied by the techniques of cell culture and radioisotope assay. The cells were cultured in a medium containing varied dosages of sodium selenite for 24 hours at 37℃ in a CO2 incubator (5% CO2), then 3H-labeled precursors of DNA and RNA were added. The synthetic activity of DNA and RNA was determined by assaying the incorporation amount of radioisotope. The result suggested that selenium can promote intracellular DNA and RNA synthesis and may be essential to cell growth.

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE)is defined as early hepatic encephalopathy without grossly evident neurologic abnormali-ties,but with cognitive deficits that can be revealed by psychometric testing.However,numerous studies have shown a lack of obvious clini-cal manifestations in MHE patients,and there is no international unified diagnostic gold standard for this disease.Affected patients′quality of life and ability to work are markedly impaired,and some even gradually progress to symptomatic hepatic encephalopathy.The treatment methods for MHE mainly include eliminating the precipitating factors for this disease and medication.This review presents the options for treatment of MHE and gives an objective evaluation of the efficacy of each treatment scheme.Currently,several treatment methods are used together,but no studies have demonstrated that combined use of treatment methods can improve the treatment outcome.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of plasma exchange (PE)in the treatment of liver failure.Methods A retro-spective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients with liver failure who were treated from January 2012 to June 2013 in our hos-pital.Thirty -three patients in PE group received PE in addition to medical comprehensive treatment,and 30 patients in control group were treated with medical comprehensive treatment.Clinical symptoms,complications,and the changes in biochemical markers of liver function were observed after 2 weeks of treatment,post -treatment outcomes were evaluated by 3 -month followed -up,and the influential factors for efficacy were analyzed.Experimental data were expressed as mean ±standard deviation,continuous data were compared by t test,and cate-gorical data were analyzed by chi -square test or Fisher′s exact test.Results Symptoms such as fatigue,poor appetite,and abdominal dis-tension were significantly relieved after PE.Post -treatment serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and total bilirubin (TBil)levels were significantly lower compared with pre -treatment levels (390.48 ±536.52 U /L vs 81.03 ±47.58 U /L and 479.27 ±130.01 μmol /L vs 244.64 ±151.05 μmol /L,P <0.005),whereas post -treatment levels of albumin (Alb)and cholesterol (CHO)and prothrombin activity (PTA)were significantly higher than those measured before the treatment (33.06 ±5.42 g/L vs 35.24 ±3.68 g/L,2.50 ±1.24 mmol /L vs 3.59 ±0.86 mmol /L,and 34.16% ±5.33% vs 73.98% ±27.23%,P <0.005).No significant differences were identified between pre-and post -treatment levels of ALT,TBil ,Alb,CHO,and PTA (P >0.05).Patients in PE group had a significantly higher improve-ment rate (χ2 =8.276,P <0.005)and a significantly lower mortality rate (χ2 =13.258,P <0.005)compared with the control group.The efficacy of PE was found to be correlated with pre -treatment TBil level,complications,bilirubin enzyme separation,and age ≥40 years (P <0.05).TBil and bilirubin enzyme separation were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of PE (P <0.05,OR =1.01 and 8.75).Adverse reactions occurred in 8 cases during PE treatment,and disappeared after symptomatic treatment.Conclusion PE is a safe and effective treatment for liver failure,and holds promise for clinical application.TBil level and bilirubin enzyme separation are independ-ent risk factors affecting the efficacy of PE.

Transcription factorhypoxia inducible factor -1(HIF-1)plays a key role in cell adaption to hypoxia(from 21%O2 to 1%O2).Researches have shown that HIF -1 is closely related to occurrence and de-velopment in many malignant cancers .In this paper,we review the effect of HIF -1 in tumor growth,metastasis, apoptosis and angiogenesis .

The single or combined administration of Raltitrexed with other anticancer drugs have showed prospective curative effects on solid tumor .This paper reviews the current research situation of Raltitrexed against malignant tumor and explores the possibilities for the efficacy and mechanism in treatment of malignant tumor . Raltitrexed is one kind of effective anti cancer drugs and plays a more and more important role in solid tumor ther -apy.

Objective To establish a simple,accurate and sensitive method for determination of cyanide in drinking water. Methods By means of using flow injection analysis instrument, the cyanide in drinking water was determined on-line. Results The data obtained by this assay accorded with Beer's Law, the range was 2.0-50.0 ?g/L, r≥0.999, the detection limit, relative standard deviation and recovery rate were 0.23 ?g/L, 2.5%-3.8% and 94.9%-98.7% respectively. The sampling frequency was 20 samples per hour. Conclusion The method for determination of cyanide in drinking water employed in the present paper is simple, accurate, sensitive and suitable for the analysis of large number of water samples.