BACKGROUND: At present, there are some researches on the cognitive identification of Chinese characters at home or abroad, however, most of them are based on the normal and healthy people.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the processing styles of optical information on phonemic code, graphic code and semantic code of Chinese haracters between hearing-disabled and normal people.DESIGN: Retrospective, observational and compared analysis based on the hearing-disabled as research subjects and the normal as the controlled group.SETTING: Department of education in a university.PARTICIPANTS: This study was completed in Xi' an between October 2001 and April 2002. With the mean age of 17 years and half in gender, 20hearing-disabled people, who were in grade 6 to grade 8, were selected from the Second School for the Deaf and Dumb in Xi' an. Inclusion criteria: The hearing loss of people was more than or equal to 92 dB. Exclusion criteria:People with acquired hearing-disabled were excluded. At the beginning of study in primary school, they were accepted oral training and taught Chinese pinyi, but gesture was the main communicated style in their daily life. With the mean age of 15 years and half in gender, 28 normal people, who were in grade 3, were selected from the No. 99 Middle School in Xi'an.METHODS: This study showed with serial opticum. The diagnostic method was compared with the cognitive identification of the three kinds of Chinese characters between the hearing-disabled and the normal respectively.phonemic code, graphic code and semantic code between hearing-disabled characters between hearing-disabled and normal people.RESULTS: The results showed that the function of graphic code in visual processing was strongly correlated with recognition of words of Chinese characters than the phoneme code and semantic code in both the hearing-disabled and hearing children. For hearing-disabled children, the alternative was the direct access that a semantic code was produced directly from a translation of the graphic code, however, the hearing children used the strategies of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules to interpret the meaning of words.CONCLUSION: The analysis of various results showe that no significant differences of mental processing are found between the hearing-disabled and hearing children. Perhaps both the direct access and the grapheme-phoneme conversion will be a comprehensive information processing activated each other.

Glabridin (Glab) is an isoflavonoid originally isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Glab is widely considered to be a phytoestrogen and has been associated with numerous biological properties ranging from antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-atherogenic effects, to the regulation of energy metabolism. In this paper, a review on its biological activity was reviewed.

Objective To explore the clinical features,related diseases,,etiology of inhalation pneumonia and premonition of lung infection in patients age 80 and over.Methods The 104 patients over 80 years old with pulmonary infection were analyzed retrospectively,statistical analysis of the main clinical manifestations,associated diseases and pathogens.Results Aspiration pneumonia (AP)in 77 cases (74%),Chronic respiratory disease accounted for only 26%,mostly associated with serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,cognitive disorder,Chronic gastrointestinal diseases(Gastritis,reflux esophagitis,gastrointestinal dysfunction,constipation),long-term bed,Can not take care of themselves.Sputum bacterial cultures isolated from 66 (63.5%)strains,Gram positive cocci were 18 strains (27.3%),Gram negative bacilli were 38 strains (57.6%),Fungal strains were 15 strains (22.7%).Conclusion In the elderly over the age of 80,pulmonary infection mostly occured by Aspiration pneumonia.We should strengthen the awareness of Aspiration pneumonia,especially accompanied by cough,chronic gastric disease.Take reasonable application of antibiotics according to the pathogen test results.

Metabolic syndrome (MS)is a syndrome of multiple metabolic abnormality aggregation,including over-weight,hypertension,glucose and lipid metabolic abnormality and insulin resistance etc.Some researches demon-strated that over 80% EH patients may be complicated with MS,those patients with EH+MS possess higher risk for cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases than pure EH patients.This article made an overview on research about rela-tionship between EH and MS in recent years.

With the development of network and information in hospital,the issue of security has been raised and got more and more important.This article describes the factors that might threaten the network and information security,such as the reliability of network equipments,computer viruses,invalid intrusion,the security of inner-network,the thunder,users' actions and so on.Then some solutions to the problems are proposed.This could be an instruction to design or update the hospital's network and information system.

Objective To evaluate the occluder combined with covered stent-graft and coils in treatment of intra-thoracic pseudo-aneurysm at the proximal segment of subclavain artery. Methods The ASD occluder was deployed at the orifice of the subclavain artery via the access of left humeral artery to seal the entrance. The stent-graft was deployed to give additional sealing of the entrance of the left subclavain artery via the access of femoral artery. Finally the coils were deployed at the outlet segment of the pseudo-aneurysm again via the left humorol artery to block the reflux. Results The orifice and the outlet of the left subclavain pseudo-aneurysm were both sealed thoroughly without endoleak,brain accident or arm ischemic symptoms. Conclusions The tri-interventional method utilizing the occluder,covered stent-graft,and the coils in the treatment of the pseudo-aneurysm at the proximal segment of the subclavain artery has the benefits of mini-invasion,thorough sealing,stable frame structure,and assures high security.

Brain-computer interface(BCI) was a communication system that did not depend on the brain's normal output pathways of the peripheral nerves and muscles.BCI provided a new communication channel for the patients with severe neuromuscular disorders,and also had potential values in virtual reality,entertainment and aviation.Recently,BCI developed rapidly,and its researches mostly concentrated on feature extraction and translation algorithm.Cortical evoked potentials such as steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP) and P300 were widely applied in BCI because of simple feature extraction and requiring little training.The progress in SSVEP-based and P300-based BCI was reviewed,and its experimental paradigms and limitations were analyzed in this paper.

Objectives To establish a sensitive and special method for the detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) using PCR microplate hybridization (PCR MPH). Methods A primer of ureasea gene was labeled by biotin. The amplification product was captured on streptavidin coated microplates, then products were quantified by hybridization with a digoxigenin labeled internal oligonucleotide probe. After revelation with an anti digoxigenin alkaline phosphatase coupled antibody(anti DIG AP), the amount was determined by optical reading. At the same time, PCR MPH was compared with Bio Merieux Mycosplasma IST. Results A method of PCR MPH for detecting Uu DNA was established. The morbidity among three groups for detecting 158 clinical samples was analysed. 65 were detected by PCR MPH and 56 by culture.Conclusion The results showed that this assay is rapid, sensitive, specific, and accurate, and is of value in clinical therapy.

Objective:To systematically assess the value of 2 dimension color Doppler ultrasound(2D-CDUS) in diagnosis,surgical treatment and interventional therapy of carotid artery stenosis. Methods: Twenty seven carotid stenosis patients were examined before and after operation with 2D-CDUS. The morphology and hemodynamic of carotid artery were detected. Results: Pre-operative examination showed that there were 17 cases with stenosis degree being 50%-70%, 2 cases 71%-79%, 5 cases 80%-90%, 3 cases 90%-99%. Twelve cases were operated on with carotid endarterectomy(CEA), 15 cases with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent(PTAS). After operation all the vessels with CEA were patent, colored well and blood velocity was close to normal. Residual intima was observed floating in the blood vessel in only one patient. In the patients treated by PTAS, the location and courser of the stents were normal,and the vessels were patent. Conclusion: 2D-CDUS is convenient to use and non-invasive, which can assess extracranial carotid stenosis accurately before operation, assess the curative effect and detect the complications after operation.