Chronic exposure to risk factors at the beginning stage of atherosclerosis development can damage endotheli?um and ultimately initiat endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the major mechanisms in atherosclerosis development. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a lipoprotein with complicated function and is composed of a variety of pro?teins and lipids. Epidemiological studies showed an inverse correlation between HDL and atherosclerosis. The protective role of HDL on endothelium might related to its function in reversing cholesterol transport, reducing peripheral cholesterol accu?mulation, preventing foam cells formation, dilating vessels, antioxidant and anti-inflammation, all of which antagonize devel?opment of atherosclerosis. But HDL obtained from patients with cardiovascular disease which has known dysfunctional HDL may induce endothelial dysfunction. This review addresses the relationships between functional HDL or dysfunctional HDL with the endothelial function.

BACKGROUND: As the articular cartilage has a special anatomical position, its function is often affected by movement. Whether exercise training can promote the cartilage repair still needs to be confirmed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different intensities of treadmill exercises on the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rats. METHODS: Forty rats were selected, and the models of full-thickness articular cartilage defects (3.2 mm in diameter) on the femoral surface were made with a orthopedic drill, followed by randomized into model, low-, moderate- and high-intensity exercise groups (n=10 per group). The rats in the model group were allowed free cage activity. The rats in the low-intensity exercise group exercised on the platform, and the platform speed was 8.2 m/min; rats in the middle-intensity exercise group exercised on the 5° treadmill, and the speed was controlled at 15.5 m/min; rats in the high-intensity exercise group exercised on the 10° treadmill, and the speed was controlled at 26.7 m/min. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 and inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase in the latter three groups were significantly lower than those in the model group at 8 weeks after exercise (P < 0.05), and the level was the lowest in the moderate-intensity exercise group (P < 0.05). In the moderate-intensity exercise group, there were fibrous tissues in the defect area, which were connected with the adjacent cartilage, and the repair effect was superior to that in the other three groups. To conclude, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise can promote the repair of full-thickness knee cartilage defects in rats, thereby improving functional recovery of the rat knee joint.

Objective To observe and discusses the application of larger-bore autologous arteriovenous fistula as dialysis pathways in diabetes patients with chronic renal failure. Methods 86 cases of diabetic patients with chronic renal failure were divided into elderly group and non-elderly group. The patients within each group were assigned randomly into Experimental subgroup and control subgroup. Patients underwent wrist autogenous arteriovenous fistula angioplasty.The surgical method was end to side anastomosis between cephalic vein and radial artery. Vertical incision on the radial artery is about 0.7 cm-0.8 cm in the control subgroup and vertical incision on the radial artery is about 1.0 cm-1.1cm in the experimental subgroup. Results The success rate of the operation in experimental subgroup(90.9%, 95.2%) was significantly higher than that of control group(77.3%, 85.7%). The differences were significant (P<0.05). There was no heart failure in the patients underwent surgery. Conclusions In diabetes patients with chronic renal failure need autogenous arteriovenous fistula angioplasty. Properly increasing the diameter of anastomosis can meet the demand on blood flow of hemodialysis without increase complication of heart failure.

Vascular surgery is a new and course crossing medical science and has developed rapidly in recent years.The patients of vascular surgery have become more and more and are usually diagnosed incorrectly,so we should put emphasis on vascular surgery teaching and take advantage of multimedia,real demonstration and so on.

As a cross-disciplinary theory,euthanansia concerns the right of life and the dignity of death. In terms of law principles, according to the independent principle of life, the patient who is in extreme pain with an incurable disease should have the right of self-determination of euthanasia in order to safeguard his legitimate rights and dignity of death.

Recently,increasing evidence suggests that gingivitis and periodontitis may be one of the etiological factors for some adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth,preeclampsia,fetal growth restriction and lateral miscarriage.Although there are some conflicting findings and potential problems regarding uncontrolled underlying risk factors,most of the clinical studies indicate a positive correlation of gingivitis and periodontitis with those complications.This review discusses the relationship and its possible pathological mechanism in order to better prevent the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the salivary gland constitutes approximately 21.9%-24.0% of all salivary gland malignant tumors,and is described as a tumor with indolent,but persistent and recurrent,growth and late onset of metastases,leading eventually to death.This review focuses on the advances in the studies of the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of ACC in the recent years.

Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) has evoken generally social attention now,and correlated reports point that prematurity and low birth weight could be the foundation of ROP,and irrationable oxygen therapy could be the significantly causative factor for some premature infants with shorter gestational age,maldevelopment and low birth weight.The irrationable oxygen therapy includes aspiration of hyperxia,long-time aspiration of oxygen and striking fluctuation of oxygen partial pressure.The review would summarize the relationship between retinopathy of prematurity and oxygen therapy according to lately research reports,and search for the certain cause,pathogenesy and the method of prevention and cure of ROP.

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a new cultural method, so that the rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) can well differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro and the cultured osteoblasts can be identified. Methods MSCs of rats were isolated and cultured, then the cultured cells were identified with inverted microscopy and undergone an HE stain for observing the morphology of living cells, and the cells were histochemically stained for examining the activity of cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as were radio-immunologically analyzed for detecting the secretion of osteocalcin. Results The MSCs were typical fibroblast-like and possess a strang proliferative capability after cultured in vitro.The cellular ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion achieved the peak value from the fortieth day and maintained the status until the sixtieth day after cultured in vitro.Conclusion The data demonstrated that the new developed culture method has the advantages of short time, less risk of contamination and higher efficiency, and conducive to MSC's differentiating and proliferating into osteoblasts that do function well.