During the recent decade, the advanced medical technology has brought the rapid development in the dentoalveolar surgery, and the medical concepts of humanity, painless, minimally invasive, safe and comfortable are gradually accepted by the patients and doctors. Many advanced techniques and equipments have been used in the dentoalveolar surgery. This paper would like to make a review on the clinical application and experience of the advanced medical technologies in the tooth extraction, such as the general anaesthetic technique, the nitrous oxide sedative technique, the computer-controlled local anesthesia delivery devices, the electrocardiogram montior, the location of embedded tooth by cone beam CT and minimally invasive surgical technique. Additionally, in this paper we also described the indication, contraindication, advantages and operating essentials of the orthodontic traction technique, ultrasonic bone surgery (piezosurgery) device and the surgery technology for alveolar bone shape and functional preservation in the extraction of tooth. Finally, we introduced the immediate implantation technique used in the dentoalveolar surgery.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Tooth ; Tooth Extraction

Theincreasedmicrovascularpermeabilityappearsmainlyinvenuleduringinflammation , shock ,andburns .Endothelialcellsplayanimportantroleinvenulepermeabilityenhancement.Therearetwo kindsofpathwayformacromoleculeextravasation .Oneisparacellularpathwayandanotheristranscellular pathway ,whicharerelatedtotheformationofendothelialgaportranscellularopeningsseperately .Thealter ationofintercellularrelatedprotein ,suchasoccludin ,claudin ,zonaoccludens (ZO) ,junctionaladhesion molecule (JAM) ,VE -cadherin ,catenin ,integrin ,etc ,andthealterationofendothelialcytoskeleton ,such asrearrangementofactinfilament,formationofstressfiberandfocaladhesion ,etc ,involveinthepathogenesis ofincreasedmicrovascularpermeability . [

Objective:To observe the roles of p50 protein in pathologic responses of cerulein(CR)pancreatitis in mice deficient in p50 protein of NF-?B.Methods:Pancreatitis was induced by i.p.injection of 50?g/kg CR.The express and compensation of p65,p50 and cRel proteins of NF-?B,NF-?B activity were measured using electromobility shift assay;parameters of pancreatitis,eg,amylase,lipase and trypsin were evaluated.The apoptosis,necrosis and caspase-3 activity were observed.Results:p50 knockout(KO)mice had no p50 protein expression and increased p65 and cRel proteins expression.p50 KO mice's NF-?B activity decreased and apoptosis increased in pancreatitis compared with wild type(WT)mice.There was no caspase-3 activition in both mice before and after pancreatitis.All KO mice had an increased necrosis and amylase,lipase,trypsin activity compared with WT mice in pancreatitis.Conclusions:The results indicated that NF-?B p50 genetic deletion might attenuate cerulean induced pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE:To study the application of antimicrobials in patients undergoing elective cesarean section and to promote rational use of drugs in our hospital. METHODS: 240 cases of elective cesarean section were randomly selected from our hospital during Jan.～Apr. in 2009 and Jul.～Oct. in 2009, respectively (n=120). Retrospective analysis was applied to analyze the application of antimicrobials in those cases. RESULTS: Prophylactic application of antimicrobials was rational after intervention with cephalosporins as the main category. The phenomena of excessive dose of drugs were controlled effectively to shorten medication duration. The rate of medication 0.5～2 h before operation increased and the cost of medicines reduced. CONCLUSION: Relevant measures of intervention can improve rational use of drugs in perioperative patients undergoing elective cesarean section in our hospital and reduce the cost of operation.

Lactate is considered a dead-end product of glycolysis.Its generation and accumulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis,and it is related to the poor prognosis of tumor.But recent studies have found,tumor cells can also uptake and utilize lactate.With the recent advances in tumor metabolism and gene therapy,lactate is a potential therapeutic target in tumors.

30 mm Hg) was diagnosed with Doppler echocardiography in 28 patients with SSc.Twenty patients have isolated PHT,while 8 patients were of secondary PHT which was due to severe pulmonary fibrosis.The levels of albumin, ? globulin ,IgA,IgG and CRP in serum of patients with PHT were significantly higher than those without PHT ( P

Objective To compare expression and distribution of CD68 protein and TRAP positive protein in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and normal synovial tissues to study the differentiation of osteoclast in synovial tissues obtained from AS patients and its role in the pathogenesis of bone destruction in AS. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using CD68 monoclonal antibody to detect CD68 expression, and the distribution of TRAP positive cells in the synovial tissues was examined by enzyme histochemistry in 13 AS, 16 RA, 17 OA patients and 6 healthy controls. The above two variables were quantified in the labeled sections by digital image analysis and semiquantitative analysis to compare the expression of CD68 positive cells in different patient groups and normal subjects. Results Positive CD68 staining was seen in synovial cells from all the patients with AS, RA, OA and normal subjects, and the expression levels of CD68 from patients with AS and RA were higher than those from OA patients and healthy subjects. The CD68 positive cells were abundant mainly in lining layer. In areas where elevated RANKL expression levels were present, the number of TRAP positive cells was found significantly increased in AS and RA synovium. TRAP positive cells were rarely observed in synovium from OA patients and normal controls. There was positive correlation between the number of TRAP positive cells and the RANKL expression (r=0.442, P=0.043) in RA patients. Conclusions An obvious increase in the number of CD68 positive cells and TRAP positive cells in synovium may provide a main source of osteoclastogenesis in AS patients. The up-regulation of activity and quantity of osteoclast may have an important role in peripheral articular destruction in patients with AS.

Objective To detect osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein levels in synovial tissues from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and compare the expression level and distribution of OPG protein in AS, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and normal synovial tissues. By studying the correlation of OPG expressions with pathological changes of inflammatory joints to explore the role of OPG in the pathogenesis of bone destruction in AS. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using OPG monoclonal antibody to detect OPG expression in 13 AS, 16 RA,17 OA patients and 6 healthy controls. The labeled synovial tissue sections were quantified by digital image analysis and semiquantitively analyzed to compare the expression of OPG positve cells in different patient groups and normal subjects. In addition, the correlation of OPG expression with certain inflammatory indices (including ESR, CRP, blood platelet count) and radiological stage of involved joints was analyzed respectively. Results Positive staining of OPG was seen in all 13 AS patients. OPG expression was predominantly seen in the synovial lining layer and sublining areas. Positive staining of OPG was also found in the synovial tissues of 2 normal subjects, but the OPG level was significantly lower. No positive staining of OPG was found in synovial tissues from all patients with RA and OA. Conclusions {1}Higher levels of OPG are expressed in synovial tissues from AS patients than in tissues from normal subjects (P

Objective To investigate the expression of TGF?2 in proximal OFT septum in connexin(Cx) 43 knockout(KO) mice and illustrate its relationship with myocardialization and reveal whether exogenous TGF?2 could promote myocardialization in vitro.Methods Objects were C57/BL6 mice of E12.5 to E15.5 by the mating of 2 month old Cx43 heterozygous mice,which included Cx43 homozygotes(Cx43-/-),heterozygotes(Cx43+/-) and wild-types(Cx43+/+) genotyped by PCR method.?-sarcomeric actin(?-SCA) and TGF?2 were detected by immunohistochemistry.TGF?2 with 3 different dosages was used to be the intervent added to the heart culture system in which the wild-type hearts of E12.5 were cultured till E15.5 before detecting the expression of ?-SCA by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of ?-SCA in the proximal OFT septum was delayed obviously in Cx43-/-predominantly at E13.5 and E14.5.As compared with the Cx43+/+,the expression of TGF?2 in proximal OFT septum decreased obviously in Cx43-/-mice predominantly at E14.5,and less obviously in(Cx43+/-) mice.None of the intervention groups showed the obvious promoted myocardialization.Conclusions Cx43 KO mice exhibited delayed myocardialization,and the decreased TGF?2 may involve in the abnormal myocardialization of Cx43 KO mice.Application of TGF?2 in vitro could not exactly mimic the in vivo expression pattern of TGF?2,or the process of myocardialization may require precise dosage of TGF?2 and stringency of cultured system.

Objective To study the antidepressant effect of Yiyukang and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods By using the mice forced-swimming models,mice tail suspension models and mice stereotyped behavior models,the antidepressant effect of Yiyukang and its mechanism were observed.Result In the mice forced-swimming test,the im- mobility-time was significantly reduced by high and medium dosage Yiyukang with the reduced rate being 21.65% and 24.84%(P＜0.01).The high dosage can also reduce the immobility time of tail-suspension mice with the rate of 29.58%(P＜0.01).Yiyukang can strengthen the mice head shaking behavior and had synergistic action with 5- HTP on reducing stereotyped behavior in mice.Conclusion Yiyukang has certain antidepressant effect,and the mecha- nism may be associated with promoting the actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in mice brain.