Objective To study the chemical constituents in the mature fruit of Momordica Charantia. Methods M. charantia was extracted by alcohol and then extracted by chloroform; isolation and purification were carried out by silica gel. Compounds were identified and elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. Results Five compounds were obtained and identified as aglycone of momordicoside F_1 (Ⅰ), 5, 25-stigmastadien-3-ol (Ⅱ), aglycone of momordicoside Ⅰ (Ⅲ), charantin (Ⅳ), and ?-sitosterol (Ⅴ). Conclusion For the first time, compound Ⅰ is found as the novel natural product and compound Ⅱ is found in the fruit of M. charantia in China.

In order to fit new plot proposed by medical education reform,by integrating interrelated resources,the author introduced peer education into the whole process of nutrition propa-ganda and education to promote the development of the whole social health education.

Objective To evaluate the application of capsaicin to improve bladder stability after suprapubic prostatectomy for BPH. Methods 40 patients with BPH underwent suprapubic prostatectomy under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into A?B?C and D groups (n=10 in each group).Capsaicin of 1 mmol/L was instilled into the bladder preoperatively for 30 minutes in group B and group D had 10 ml of 1 mmol/L capsaicin given epidurally.Group A and Group C received saline only. Results The bladder instability was lessened.The time of bladder perfusion clearance,indwelling catheter delivery,duration of cystospasm and number of postoperative cystospasm cases in group B and D reduced significantly as compared with group A and C.The Pdet and volume were improved significantly,the Qmax and residual urine were also improved. Conclusions The intravesical and epidural capsaicin delivery helps to prevent detrusor instability and reduces the pain caused by postoperative cystospasm.It also improves the bladder function deteriorated by BPH.

Objective To evaluate the influence of different antigen retrieval methods and pH values of fixatives on immunostaining of incised wound skin.Methods 3d-post-incision mouse skin were sampled and fixed in 4% formalin buffered with PBS at pH 5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0 and 9.0.The deparaffinized sections were treated 0.01mmol citrate buffuer(pH 6.0)in high pressure cooker or by microwave heating,or with pepsin,trypsin or microwave+pepsin.Thereafter,immunostainings of caspase-3,caspase-6,caspase-7,IL-8,and IL-10 were evaluated by immunohistochemical SABC method with ratio of immunostaining-positive cells,respectively.Results The immunostaining-positive cell ratios in sections treated by heating retrieval was higher than by proteinase treatment.The positive cell ratio was slightly higher by high pressure than by microwave heating.Sections were more easier peeled off during high pressure treatment than during micrwave heating.Sections treated with pepsin were fallen off easier than with trypsin digestion.The highest positive cell ratio was detected in sections by microwave+trypsin treatment without section peeling off among all antigen treatment methods.The best result was obtained in sections fixed in buffered formalin at pH 7.0 and 8.0.Conclusion The best immunostaining result may be obtained in mouse incised wound sections fixed in buffered formalin at pH 7.0 and 8.0 with microwave+trypsin treatment.

Hitherto, it is reported that caspase family includes 14 members at least, which play important roles in executing cell apoptosis. Experimental studies have proved that caspases are expressed and activated in the injured skin and during skin wound healing, which suggests that cell apoptosis induced by caspases may occur. Further investigation on the roles that caspases play in the injured skin and during skin wound healing may offer a new way for the clinical treatment of the skin wound and the medico-legal wound age determination. The article reviews the biologic characters of caspases and the advances in the studies on the caspases in the skin wound and wound healing. It is suggested that caspases exert significant parts during skin wound healing, which are worthy of further investigation.

Objective: To study early diagnosis and treatment of multi-primary esophageal cancer and esophageal and cardiac double primary cancer. Methods: The data of 71 cases patients of multi-primary esophageal, double primary esophageal and cardiac cancer were collected. The diagnosis was made by dye staining through gastroscopy and X-ray. Pathological examination after operation was analyzed. Results: 14 patients were diagnosed by X-ray(14/71), 69 by endoscopy (69/71), 54 early foci and 6 early stage patients were found. All of them were operated. The resection rate is 100% with no operative death. 3-year survival rate was 40 5%. Conclusion: Routine X-ray examination of esophagus or stomach, and esophageal dye-staining and/or biopsy through endoscopy are important measures for early diagnosis of multi-primary cancer or esophageal and double primary cardiac cancer prompt surgery is advised.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Huobahuagen Tablets combined with irbesartan on the risk factors of IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Sixty-two patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. Thirty patients in the control group were treated with Huobahuagen Tablets (5 tablets po t.i.d.), and 32 patients in the treatment group were treated with irbesartan (150 to 300 mg po q.d.), besides the same treatment as the control group. After 3 months of treatment, the levels of blood pressure (BP), 24 h urine protein (Upr), urinary red blood cells (URBC), blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), albumin (Alb), alanine transaminase (ALT), white blood cells (WBC) and serum creatinine (Scr) were observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of Upr, URBC and Scr in both groups were decreased, as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of BP, Upr, URBC and Scr in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The levels of Alb in both groups were increased, as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the level of Alb in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Huobahuagen Tablets, when used together with irbesartan, may improve the renal function of the patients with IgA nephropathy and slow the deterioration of the disease by reducing BP, Upr, URBC and Scr.

The regularity and the preventive and curative measures about the post-operative infections in 3 orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients were reviewed.The results showed that the bacterial infections and the opportunistic fungal infections were common within 1～2 months after the cardiac transplantation.The sensitive antibiotics could completely control the infections.More than 3 months after surgery,the infections were gradually reduced.It was suggested that the prevention and treatment of the post-operative infections should be reinforced in the early stage of transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the bromogeramine and ethanol for effects of disinfecting in penicillin skin test.Methods Searching CNKI,VIP,CBM and Wanfang Database to collect case-control studies suiting enrolled conditions.Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.0.0 software.Results Four case-control studies with 1 954 people were enrolled.After exclude one study using sensitivity analysis,Meta analysis showed:there were significant differences between positive results of bromogeramine and ethanol,Z=2.15,P=0.03,OR=0.70,95％CI=0.50～0.97.There were significant differences between false positive rates of bromogeramine and ethanol,0R=0.55,95％CI=0.29～1.02.Conclusions Comparing with ethanol,bromogeranine has lower positive results and false positive rate,which suggests that bromogeramine may be better than ethanol in penicillin skin test disinfection.

Objective To evaluate bile duct drainage with ureteral catheter through cystic duct in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by primary duct closure (LCBDEPDC) and posto laparoscopic endoscopic stone extraction treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 116 cases of extrahepatic bile duct stones were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into 2 groups: 57 patients with dilated common bile duct were in group A treated with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by primary duct closure and via cystic duct ureteral catheter biliary drainage.While in group B (59 patients) with normal calibre of the common bile duct, the procedures was laparoscopic cholecystectomy + via cystic duct ureteral catheter biliary drainage and postoperative endoscopic stone extraction.Results Procedures were successful in both the two groups.There was no postoperative pancreatitis and biliary leakage complications.The catheter was withdrawn in 6-9 d in group A postoperative hospitalization time was (8.5 ± 2) d.The catheter was withdrawn in 2-8 d in group B after endoscopic stone extraction.Postoperative hospitalization time was (7.6 ± 3) d.No complications occurred in both two groups relating extubation.Conclusions Bile duct drainage using the ureteral catheter via cyst duct after LCBDEPDC and endoscopic stone extraction treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones effectively prevent postoperative pancreatitis, biliary leakage and bile duct stricture.