In order to fit new plot proposed by medical education reform,by integrating interrelated resources,the author introduced peer education into the whole process of nutrition propa-ganda and education to promote the development of the whole social health education.

Objective To evaluate the application of capsaicin to improve bladder stability after suprapubic prostatectomy for BPH. Methods 40 patients with BPH underwent suprapubic prostatectomy under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into A?B?C and D groups (n=10 in each group).Capsaicin of 1 mmol/L was instilled into the bladder preoperatively for 30 minutes in group B and group D had 10 ml of 1 mmol/L capsaicin given epidurally.Group A and Group C received saline only. Results The bladder instability was lessened.The time of bladder perfusion clearance,indwelling catheter delivery,duration of cystospasm and number of postoperative cystospasm cases in group B and D reduced significantly as compared with group A and C.The Pdet and volume were improved significantly,the Qmax and residual urine were also improved. Conclusions The intravesical and epidural capsaicin delivery helps to prevent detrusor instability and reduces the pain caused by postoperative cystospasm.It also improves the bladder function deteriorated by BPH.

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the mature fruit of Momordica Charantia. Methods M. charantia was extracted by alcohol and then extracted by chloroform; isolation and purification were carried out by silica gel. Compounds were identified and elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. Results Five compounds were obtained and identified as aglycone of momordicoside F_1 (Ⅰ), 5, 25-stigmastadien-3-ol (Ⅱ), aglycone of momordicoside Ⅰ (Ⅲ), charantin (Ⅳ), and ?-sitosterol (Ⅴ). Conclusion For the first time, compound Ⅰ is found as the novel natural product and compound Ⅱ is found in the fruit of M. charantia in China.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of the slender external biliary drainage tube (F5 ureter catheter) inserted into the common bile duct via the cystic duct in laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary closure.Methods Clinical data of 59 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis treated in our hospital between Feburary 2013 and March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were treated with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by primary duct closure,and bile duct drainage with a slender catheter through cystic duct after closure of the choledochotomy.Results All the cases underwent surgery successfully.The postoperative output of bile drainage was 30-570 ml/d.There were no complications such as biliary leakage,cholangitis or biliary pancreatitis.The catheter was withdrawn in 6-8 d in 57 patients after the operation,and was withdrawn in 10-11 d in 2 patients after the operation.There was no discomfort after removing the catheter.Postoperative hospitalization time was (9.1 ± 2.0) d.All patients were followed up for 5 months to 3 years,with an average of 16 months.The B ultrasound examinations showed no residual bile duct stones and liver functions were normal.Conclusions External biliary drainage using a slender ureter catheter via the cystic duct is safe,effective and easy to perform.It may reduce postoperative potential complications,especially bile leakage.

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for gastric cancer, but its drug resistance often limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. Drug resistance can be divided into primary drug resistance and secondary resistance. It has showed that several factors were involved in the multidrug resistance of gastric cancer, including the expression of drug resistance-related proteins, abnormalities of apoptosis-related genes, dysfunction of DNA damage repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and non-coding RNA. The solution to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is to overcome drug resistance or delay drug resistance. This article will explore the progress in multi-drug resistance of gastric cancer.

The regularity and the preventive and curative measures about the post-operative infections in 3 orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients were reviewed.The results showed that the bacterial infections and the opportunistic fungal infections were common within 1～2 months after the cardiac transplantation.The sensitive antibiotics could completely control the infections.More than 3 months after surgery,the infections were gradually reduced.It was suggested that the prevention and treatment of the post-operative infections should be reinforced in the early stage of transplantation.

Objective To investigate a kind of inflammatory pathogen of infectious skin lesion and its position of the bacteria classification. Methods Based on the phenotypic properties of morphology,physiology and biochemical et al.The identification of bacteria was made almost thoroughly and systemically.Results A unique kind of gram-positive bacteria were separated from the lesion of the disease.Which featured by a bacilli to cocci circulation,obligate acrobes,inactive of biochemical reaction and resistance to conventional antibiotics.Conclusion The bacteria are classified into a rare kind of opportunistic pathogen.Few references both at home and abroad has seen so far according to its phenotypic properties,the bacteria is Brevibacterium epidermids which had never been reported at domestic.

Objective To evaluate bile duct drainage with ureteral catheter through cystic duct in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by primary duct closure (LCBDEPDC) and posto laparoscopic endoscopic stone extraction treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 116 cases of extrahepatic bile duct stones were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into 2 groups: 57 patients with dilated common bile duct were in group A treated with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by primary duct closure and via cystic duct ureteral catheter biliary drainage.While in group B (59 patients) with normal calibre of the common bile duct, the procedures was laparoscopic cholecystectomy + via cystic duct ureteral catheter biliary drainage and postoperative endoscopic stone extraction.Results Procedures were successful in both the two groups.There was no postoperative pancreatitis and biliary leakage complications.The catheter was withdrawn in 6-9 d in group A postoperative hospitalization time was (8.5 ± 2) d.The catheter was withdrawn in 2-8 d in group B after endoscopic stone extraction.Postoperative hospitalization time was (7.6 ± 3) d.No complications occurred in both two groups relating extubation.Conclusions Bile duct drainage using the ureteral catheter via cyst duct after LCBDEPDC and endoscopic stone extraction treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones effectively prevent postoperative pancreatitis, biliary leakage and bile duct stricture.

In recent years, tumor has become one of the major diseases that endanger human health. It is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of tumors in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. microRNA (miRNA) is a class of small non-coding RNA, which is involved in post transcriptional processing, epigenetic inheritance, cell growth and individual development and other important life activities. miRNA, charactered by oncogenes and anti-oncogenes function, participates in the development, invasion and metastasis of tumors. Telomeres, located at the end of chromosomes, are closely related to the malignant transformation of cells and the aging of human. To understand the pathogenesis of tumors and to provide a novel direction for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors, the role and the relationship of miRNA and telomere in tumors are reviewed in this paper.

Patient′s expectation has been defined as the anticipation that given events were likely to occur during, or as an outcome of, health care. What people expect from their health care are potentially important in predicting patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their care, treatment and health outcomes. There was widespread recognition of the importance of evaluating services from consumer perspectives. In this article, domestic and foreign research in recent years, expectations status, significance and various influencing factors in relation to the expectations in processes of health care were summarized. Consumer evaluations of their health care are now an established component of quality assessment, planners need to understand the expectations underlying patients′views in order to interpret their feedback. Thus leading to improve patient satisfaction and the social evaluation of medical units.