Objective:To investigate the changes of the protein expression in heart tissue of rats after ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury and pre-treatment of carvedilol, and to elucidate the new protective mechanism of carvedilol pre-treatment to I/R heart injury. Methods:18 rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, I/R injury group and carvedilol pre-treated group. The model of myocardial I/R injury was established by 30min ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery and 2h reperfusion. Serum malondiadehyde (MDA) was determined, and the cytosolic fraction of myocardial tissue homogenate was separated applying two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique. Differentially expressed protein spots were figured out with PDQuest software, while preliminary protein-identification was carried out by means of the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis database on the web. Results:Compared with the sham-operation group, after I/R injury, serum MDA was increased(P

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of resin infiltration and fluoride solution on masking different demineralized white spot lesions by assessing color change.

METHODSArtificial white spot lesions were produced on 60 human molars. Each sample had at least two enamel surfaces opened (named A and B). The samples were randomly divided into groups 1, 2, and 3 according to their time of demineralization (24, 48, and 72 h). After demineralization, the A spot of each sample was treated by resin infiltration. The B spot was treated with 0.1% fluoride solution daily for 30 days. After the remineralization of the B spot, resin infiltration was used again on the B spot of each sample. Color assessment was performed by a spectrophotometer in five distinct stages: baseline, after the production of artificial caries, after resin infiltration of A spots, after 30 days of fluoride solution treatment of B spots, and after resin infiltration of remineralized B spots.

RESULTSBefore demineralization, the L* values of spots A and B in all groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05), whereas the L* values of spots A and B were significantly increased after demineralization. The L* values of A spots recovered significantly after treatment by resin infiltration (P<0.05), but only groups 1 and 2 reached the baseline. The L* values of B spots had no significant differences (P > 0.05) after fluoride treatment compared with that after demineralization. After resin infiltration on B spots, the L* values recovered but could not reach the baseline nor the level of A spots treated by resin infiltration only.

CONCLUSIONResin infiltration is a more effective treatment for masking white spot lesions than traditional fluoride treatment. The effect of masking white spot lesions has certain relationships with the degree of demineralization and activity of the lesion.

Objective To discuss incidence and related risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) after acute subcortical infarction (SI).Methods One hundred and eighty-two patients with acute SI were divided into two groups:VCI group (81 cases) and no-VCI group ( 101 cases) according to VCI diagnostic standard.Sex proportion,age,culture degree between two groups were compared,and correlation was analyzed between the quantity of risk factors and the incidence of VCI.Results The incidence of VCI after acute SI was 44.5％(81/182).According to age stratification,the incidence of VCI in the patients of 56-65 years was 35.4％ (23/65),in the patients of 66-75 years was 45.3％ (48/106),and in the patients of 76-85 years was 90.9％ (10/11 ).The age in VCI group was significantly higher than that in no-VCI group [(69.93 ±6.91) years vs. (67.62 ±5.56) years,P =0.014],and culture degree was significantly lower than that in no-VCI group (P =0.028).The sex proportion between two groups had no significant difference (P =0.876).The more accompanying risk factors,the higher incidence of VCI.Conclusions Along with the increase of age,the incidence of VCI after acute SI is higher.The more accompanying risk factors,the higher incidence of VCI.

Objective To investigate the status quo and characteristics of medical students'job choosing view,to analyze the reasons and to propose countermeasures.Methods Questionnaires on job choosing view concerning job choosing cognition,ideals,method,motivation and values were conducted among 1700 medical students in Shandong University.Data entry and statistics were done by SPSS 17.0.Difference was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.Results Significant differences were showed in sex,whether being the only-child in the family,father's education and family's economic status(P＜0.05).Conclusions Medical students'job choosing views are characterized by professional,highly expected,diversified and utilitarian,which is caused by society,school and family.Therefore,much importance should be attached to improving educational environment,making educational objective clear and constructing educational content system.

Objective:To detect the effects of porcelain-fused-to-metal(PFM)crown on the periodontal tissue of the restored teeth,and the relationship between the levels of intedeukin(IL)-1β,aspartate transaminase(AST)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)and the health condition of periodontal tissue.Methods:Among 28 patients,34 maxillary incisors with PFM crowns were selected for the study.There were 19 Ni-Cr PFM crowns and 15 Au-Pt PFM crowns.The contralateral homonymy natural teeth were healthy and treated as control teeth.The patients were followed up 6 to 8 months after restoring crowns.The values of IL-1β,AST and ALP in GCF were analysed.Results:The concentrations of IL1β and ALP were significantly higher in GCF of Ni-Cr PFM compared with those of control,whereas no significant difference in Au-Pt PFM group compared with that of control.The level of GCF-AST was higher in Ni-Cr PFM and Au-Pt PFM group than that of healthy control.Conclusion:Ni-Cr PFM crowns have negative influence on periodontal tissue,but Au-Pt PFM have little influence on periodontal tissue of the restored teeth.The activity of IL-1β,AST and ALP of GCF are sensitive to reflect the effect of PFM crowns of different materials on periodontal tissue.

Adoptive cell transfusion based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a new approach for treating malignant diseases and even advanced malignancies. More patients with advanced malignancies are expected to benefit from CAR T-cells once the suitable target molecules are selected, the safe method of gene transduction is applied, and the side effects of CAR T-cells are prevented.

Nrf2/Keap1/ARE is an important signaling pathway in maintaining the balance between peroxide and antioxidants. Once oxidative stress happened, Nrf2/Keap1/ARE would be ac-tivated to regulate the expression of downstream antioxidant pro-teins that could reduce the injury from oxidative stress and the level of oxidative stress. Recent researches show that Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling pathway is closely related to refractory re-spiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis (PF), lung canc-er, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suggesting that Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling pathway may be a potential ther-apeutic target. This review focuses on the role of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling pathway in refractory respiratory diseases in order to further understand the related mechanism and provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of refractory respiratory diseases.

Objective To investigate the flora of pathogens and antibiotic resistance of urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury. Methods From June, 2014 to June, 2015, 145 inpatients with urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury were reviewed. Results The main pathogenic germs were found as E. coli (48.9%), K. pneumonia (19.7%) and P. mirabilis (9.0%), and they were resistant to the second or third generation cephalosporins and quinolones moderately or severely, but sensitive toβ-lactamase inhibitor combinations and aminogly-cosides. The strategy of antibiotics need more reasonable. Conclusion The main pathogens in urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury are Gram-negative bacilli, that are resistant to antibiotics. The antibiotics should be selected and used rationally according to bacterial culture.

Objective To discuss the application effect of TCM constitution recognition on TCM chronic disease refining health management for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Totally 140 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Chaoyangmen Community Health Center were selected and divided evenly into two groups after TCM constitution assessment. The study lasted for 2 years (1st August 2013–31st July 2015). The control group (70 cases) received diabetes community health management. In addition to routine community health management, TCM constitutional management was also administrated in the intervention group. The latter group received medicine, food, sport guidance according to the results of TCM constitution assessment. The blood glucose, blood lipid, BMI and waist-hip ratio of the two groups were monitored, and the self-management and life quality of patients were evaluated. Results After the intervention, significant improvement was found for fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, BMI, waist-hip ratio and blood lipid both in the control group and the intervention group, and the improvement in the intervention group was more obvious than the control group (P<0.05). The whole level of self-management and life quality was greatly increased in both groups, while improvement of the intervention group was much higher than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Integrated application of TCM constitutional theory in TCM chronic disease refining health management for type 2 diabetes mellitus will contribute to improving patients’ self-management, changing their clinical symptoms and finally improving their life quality.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogen for pulmonary infection in cervical spinal cord inju-ry (CSCI) patients, and analyze the application of antibiotics. Methods From January, 2014 to June, 2015, 156 patients with CSCI were re-viewed. The bacteriology and drug resistance were investigated, as well as the application of antibiotics. Results There were 45 cases with nosocomial infection of 68 times, and 106 strains of bacteria in total. The top four Gram-negative pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia (17.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosae (15.1%), Encherichia coli (11.3%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (8.5%). The main Gram-positive cocci was Staphylococcus aureus (9.4%), and the main fungi was Candida tropicalis (0.7%). Gram-negative bacteria was resistant to the second or third generation cephalosporins and quinolones moderately or severely, but sensitive toβ-lactamase inhibitor combinations and aminoglyco-sides. The main Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin. The application of antibiotics needed to be improved. Conclusion The Gram-negative bacteria are the chief pathogen for pulmonary infection in CSCI patients, which show multiple drug-resistant. It is significant to monitor the drug resistance of bacteria and optimize antibiotics.