Analysis of the nature, tastes, channel distributions and effects of the frequently used herbal medicines in the prescriptions involved in the clinical literatures about treatment of gastric cancer published from 1988 to 2007 was made in the paper. The literatures were categorized into three types: 1) treatment of middle- and late-stage gastric cancer; 2) prevention and treatment of the recurrence and metastasis after operation; 3) Chinese herbal medicines combined with chemotherapy for enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity. The most frequently used herbal medicines in the three literature types were qi-invigorating herbs, such as Atractylodes, Astragalus, Codonopsis, Glycyrrhiza and Ginseng, etc. The herbal medicines for promoting urination to subside swelling such as tuckahoe and Semen Coicis, etc were used more frequently than the herbal medicines for regulating qi such as dried orange peel and putchuck, etc, as well as for clearing away heat to remove toxin such as spreading hedyotis herb, Herba Scutellariae Barbatae, yangtao actinidia root, and Rhizoma Paridis, etc. From another angle, the most frequently used herbal medicines for the treatment of gatric cancer were those cold, warm and neutral in nature, sweet, bitter and pungent in taste, and distributed to spleen and liver channels.

3D visualized reconstruction of human hollow structures from noninvasive medical imaging data is very important to medical diagnosis of the inner surface of hollow structures,medical education and surgical planning.However,due to the particular structures and characteristics of hollows,how to exactly and intuitively visualize the 3D structure and shape of the inner surface of a hollow structure is still a difficult issue in the field of medical visualization.A review of recent development of visualization techniques for human hollow structures is given in this article.Techniques including virtual endoscopy,virtual flattening,virtual cutting and color mapping ale described and compared.The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are pointed out.The future development of visualization techniques for hollow structures is also discussed.

Objective: To investigate the first appearance and geographic distribution of hantaviruses in China. Methods: Some sequences of M segment of hantaviruses isolated in China were retrieved from GenBank. Some recently sequenced viruses which have not been registered in GenBank were obtained from authors who reported them. Program MEGA 3. 1 was employed for the phylogenetic analysis of the above virus sequences. Nucleotide divergence rates were estimated by comparing the closely related sister sequences isolated in the same geographical region at no less than a 5-year interval. Based on these calculated divergence rates, together with their isolating time and region, we explored the first appearance and geographic distribution of hantaviruses in China. Results and conclusion: The distribution of hantaviruses was in cluster, with Guizhou Province having the most subgenotypes. which supports the previous hypothesis that hantaviruses first appeared in Guizhou Province of China. A novel subgenotype virus was found in Anhui Province, indicating that it might be easier for the virus to have mutation in Anhui Province. We also found that Gou3 strain might be the earliest one to separate from a common ancestral strain; it is speculated that hantaviruses migrated in China about 315 years ago.

Objective To study the skills and safety of breast conserving surgery in radical mastectomy.Methods A total of one hundred and seventy-eight patients with early breast cancer were randomly divided into two groups: 93 cases in the breast conserving surgery group and 85 cases in the radical group,according to the surgical method.The patients in the breast conserving surgery group received stageⅠbreast conserving surgery after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer,while the patients in the radical group adopted modified radical mastectomy.Then the two groups were compared in terms of postoperative complications,breast appearance evaluation,follow-up on quality of life and tumor recurrence.Results There were not statistically significant differences in postoperative complication rate between the two groups(30.11% vs.23.53%, χ2=0.976,P=0.323);the rate of excellent breast appearance in the conserving surgery group was 86.02%,significantly higher than that of the radical group(38.82%,χ2=42.675,P<0.001);the scores of physiological status,psychologic status,social function and environmental circumstance in the conserving surgery group were significantly higher than those of the radical group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the difference on tumor recurrence rate of the two groups was not statistically significant(χ2=0.009,P>0.05).Conclusion After radical mastectomy,stageⅠbreast conserving surgery could help patients maintain their breast appearance and improve their life quality,without any increase in the rate of postoperative complications and long-term local morbidity.It is a safe and reliable surgical method.

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of pelvic floor reconstruction surgery with Prolift system and rou‐tine transvaginal surgery in treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP) .Methods We analyzed an retrospective study of 64 patients with POP patients from June 2009 to March 2011 .All patients were divided into two groups ,32 cases of the reconstruction group were treated with pelvic floor reconstruction surgery with Prolift system ,as reconstruction group ,the other 32 cases in routine treatment group with routine transvaginal surgery ,which inclouded transvaginal hysterectomy ,repair of anterior and posterior vaginal wall ,as routine treatment group ,the pre operative ,peri operative data and follow up results were compared between the two groups and to evaluate the outcomes of the two groups after surgery .Results The age ,body mass index ,menopause age ,pregnant times and the degree of uterus prolapse were no significant difference between the two groups (P>0 .05) .The operation of all the patients were successful .No patient were infected after surgery ,no vascular injury ,or urinary system injury ,or rectal injury occurred .Reconstruc‐tion group showed more significant in the amounts of blood loss ,average operation time ,anal exsufflation time ,mean of highest postoperative body temperature ,the urinary canal indwelling time and the postoperative hospitalization time compared with routine treatment group(P<0 .05) .The follow up rate was 93 .8% (30/32)in reconstruction group ,1 patient (3 .1% )experienced recur‐rence ,1 patient(3 .1% )experienced mesh erosion ,1 patient(3 .1% ) experienced new urinary tract symptoms ,of 19 patients who were sexually active ,1 patient suffered from algopareunia and 2 from sexual intercourse discomfort respectively .The follow up rate was 90 .6% (29/32)in routine treatment group ,4 patients(12 .5% )experienced new urinary tract symptoms ,8 patients(25% )expe‐rienced recurrence ,of 16 patients who were sexually active ,3 patients suffered from algopareunia and 5 from sexual intercourse dis‐comfort .The objective cure rates at 3 and 6 months after operation was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0 .05) ,but the objective cure rate at 12 months after operation was significantly different between the two groups (P<0 .05) .The objective curative rate in reconstruction group was significantly higher than that in routine treatment group .Conclusion Pelvic floor reconstruction surgery with Prolift system is a safe and effective methods of minimally invasive surgery ,patients had better regain integrity of anatomical structure and functions of pelvic floor in short term for POP when compared with routine transvaginal sur‐gery ,but its long term study is still needed .

Objective To measure the scope of normal meniscus by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and create a database of meniscus size of each part.Methods The MRI image measured rake angle and back angle,body height and width of each part and the angular distance of rake and back angle of 303 meniscus of normal knee joint.Results The width and height of anterior horn,anterior exterior angle,body,angulus posteriolateralis and back angle of the medial meniscus were (5.67 ± 1.37) mm and (3.53 ± 0.86) mm,(7.24 ± 1.91) mm and (4.38 ±1.01) mm,(5.61 ± 1.73)mm and (4.25 ±1.07) mm,(11.01 ±3.53) mm and (5.41 ± 1.66)mm,(9.21 ±2.71)mm and (5.02 ± 1.39)mm,respectively.Rake and back angle of angular distance was (38.51 ± 10.88)mm.The width and height of the anterior horn,anterior exterior angle,body,angulus posteriolateralis and back angle of the lateral meniscus were (6.95 ± 1.69) mm and (3.83 ± 0.91) mm,(7.48±1.90)mmand (4.06 ± 0.97) mm,(6.51± 1.79) mm and (5.10±1.01)mm,(7.62±1.99)mm and (5.18±1.19)mm,(6.68 ± 1.41) mm and (5.64 ± 1.12) mm,respectively.The rake and back angle of angular distance was (38.51 ± 10.88) mm.Conclusion In this study,we obtained the data of meniscus for normal people by MRI,which provides reference values for diagnosis of meniscus injury and transplantation.

Child ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; Ureteral Neoplasms

AIM: To study factors affecting the stability of nylon monofilament for intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.METHODS:Successful rates and infarct volume of ischemic model were compared by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated and silicon coated nylon monofilament intraluminal occlusion of middle cerebral artery under condition of ligation and without ligation of peterygopalatine artery.RESULTS:The successful rates were 60% and 53% in two groups under condition of ligation of peterygopalatine artery, and 20% and 27% in other two groups under condition of without ligation of peterygopalatine artery respectively. The intracranial length of nylon monofilament were about 7 mm in successful model and 4 mm in failure model. Animals in the PVA coated nylon monofilament group showed neurological dificit signs earlier, and had a significantly larger infarct volume at 12 hours of ischemia than those in the silicon coated group.CONCLUSIONS:The ligation of peterygopalatine artery is critical in the success of making this kind of ischemic model. The appropriate position of nylon monofilament entering crania and the good expansibility of PVA play an important role in occlusion of blood flow. Because of the relatively lower successful rate, a new substitute with unique quality, proper hardness and better elasticity needs to be explored in the future.

Animals ; CD4 Antigens ; blood ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; CD8 Antigens ; blood ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Ultraviolet Rays

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a central important role during embryo development of vertebrate,which participates in regulation of multiple basic life processes including cell proliferation,differentiation and tissue patterning.In normal adult physiology,the pathway is implicated in stem cell maintenance,tissue repair and regeneration.By now,more and more researches have been indicated that the Hh signaling pathway is related to the tumor growth promoting and survival capabilities.