BACKGROUND:One-lung ventilation is wildly applied in cardiothoracic surgery including general surgery and lung transplantation surgery.There have been much more researches of one-lung ventilation in recent years.OBJECTIVE:To analyze and conclude the research progress of one-lung ventilation with a view to improve the effectiveness of one-lung ventilation and reduce complications during and after one-lung ventilation.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search of Medline was undertaken to identify the articles about one-lung ventilation published from January 1980 to October 2007 with the keywords "one-lung ventilation,hypoxemia,lung transplantation",and the language was limited to English.Chinese articles about one-lung ventilation punished from January 2000 to October 2007 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),with the keywords "one-lung ventilation,hypoxemia,lung transplantation" and the language was limited to Chinese.The materials were selected firstly and full texts were searched.Inclusion criteria:①the basic and clinical study on one-lung ventilation;②the clinical study on anesthesia of lung transplantation.Exclusion criteria:①repetitive study;②reviews.Over 300 articles on one-lung ventilation were collected,in which 28 were accordant with inclusion criteria.LITERATURE EVALUATION:Of the 28 articles,15 were about the study of the management during one-lung ventilation,and 13 were the hypoxemia study of one-lung ventilation.DATA SYNTHESIS:After the selected literatures were analyzed and arranged,the management of one-lung ventilation including the selection of ventilation mode,the settings of tidal volume and respiratory frequency,fraction of inspired oxygen,fluid management was analyzed.Hypoxemia is the biggest challenge during one-lung ventilation.We may improve arterial oxygenation and reduce the occurrence of hypoxemia by various ways.However,the management of one-lung ventilation is still controversial and needs further study.CONCLUSION:With the study on the management of one-lung ventilation and the handling of common matters deepens continuously,the application of one-lung ventilation will be more widespread and more safe.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and adverse reactions of half-dose glucocorticosteroid and cytoxan,combined with leflunomide for the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) of MRL/lpr mice,and provide experimental evidences for LN therapy.Methods Twenty-eight 10-week-old MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into four groups:Group A,blank control group; Group B,classical control group; Group C,full-dose control group; Group D,half-dose treatment group,with 7 mice in each group.The therapeutic efficacy and side reactions in the four groups were observed and compared before and 12 weeks after treatment.Statistical analysis was conducted with one-way ANOVA,q test and Pearson's correlation analysis.Results The serum anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody titers (0.43±0.16,0.32±0.09,0.44± 0.18,1.95±0.19) U/ml,serum creatinine level (1.63±0.63,0.40±0.23,0.82±0.21,10.86±2.17) mg,24-hour urine protein excretion level (71±8,60±5,68±3,121±10) μmol/L and renal pathological changes in group B,C,D were significantly improved than those of the group A (P＜0.05) after 12 weeks treatment.There was no significant difference in the efficacy between group B,C,and D (P＞0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in group D was significantly lower than that in other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Multi-target therapy,such as half-dose prednisone and CTX,combined with leflunomide can effectively control lupus disease activity with less side effects.This regimen is cheap,safe and effective for the treatment of LN in MRUL/lpr mice.This study has provided animal evidences for this multi-target therapy for LN.

Based on the anatomical study of kidney in mammals of 27 families and 163 species, the authors discovered Anoa depressicornis type kidney, and obtained the evidence of morphological transition between Ox-type kidney and Pig-type kidney. After observing the renal papillary structure of Budorcas taxicolor, the evidence of fact and theoretical bases of the biological view was proved that the general papillae are developed from the multi-papillae kidney. The author advanced a new type of leaf-shaped multipapillae kidney. The authors suggest to classify the mammalian kidneys principally into 2 groups, i. e, simple and composite kidney, and subdivide them into 4 types, i. e, multipapillae and concentrated papillae for simple kidney and leaf-shaped multipapillae and ball-shaped mono-papillae for composite kidney. In contrast to the previous classification, the 2-group 4-type classification recommended here with its solid anatomical foundation is conformable with the viewpoint of biology, and is more practical and integrated.

Honeybee pupae were collected from Jilin apiaries and RNA was extracted for use as a tefnplate for amplification. Based on the complete genome sequences of black queen cell virus (BQCV) published on GenBank, we designed 10 pairs of primers to amplify genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using this approach, we have obtained the first complete genome sequence of a BQCV isolate in China. The genome of the isolated strain, named BQCV-JL1, is composed of 8358 nucleotides and shares between 86% and 93% homology with the complete genome sequences of the other six BQCV strains published on GenBank. ORF 1 of BQCV-JL1 is positioned between nucleot ides (nt) 546 and 4676 (4131 nt), while ORF 2 is located between nt 5750 and 8203. Between the two ORFs of BQCV-JL1 there is a short ORF, called ORF 3, between nt 4891 and 5433 (543 nt). The first functional gene ex- pression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is positioned between nt 546 and 5 429, encompassing both ORF 1 and ORF 3. There is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located before ORF 2, the last three bases of which are CCU (nt 5642-5644). These bases act as an initiation.codon facilitating the translation of ORF 2. The second functional gene expression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is located between nt positions 5642 and 8203. The BQCV-JL1 strain was found to share high sequence identity (93%) with the Hungary 10 genotype at the whole-genome level and analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the BQCV-JL1 strain also shows close genetic relationships with the South Korea strain, suggesting that both the BQCV-JL1 and South Korea strains may have migrated from European countries. BQCV-JL1 strain was different from the other 6 strains in dividing the nucleotides positions of QRF, which vqs because of the gene mutation.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bees ; China ; Genome, Viral ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

In nature, honeybees are the most important pollinators. They play a vital role in both protecting the diversity of natural ecosystems, and maintaining the yield-improving effects of agroecosystems. But in recent years, epidemic disease in bees has caused huge losses. Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) is a bee pathogen that was first reported in 1955. It mainly infects bee larvae and pupae, making their bodies turn dark and black, and causing a massive decrease in the bee population. More specifically, the virus makes the exterior of the cell walls in the larvae and pupae turn black. BQCV is a seasonal epidemic, spread by means horizontal and vertical transmission, and is often unapparent. BQCV not only infects a variety of bee species, but also spiders, centipedes and other arthropods. It can also be coinfected with other honeybee viruses. In recent years, research has shown that the Nosema intestinal parasite plays an important role in BQCV transmission and bees carrying Nosema that become infected with BQCV have increased mortality. Here we summarize current research on the incidence, prevalence, geographical distribution and transmission of BQCV.
Animals ; Bees ; virology ; Dicistroviridae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Insect Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology

Objective To determine the expression profile of serum microRNAs(miRNAs) in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EO-FAD) patients. methods miRNA microarrays were performed to detect the expression profile of serum miRNAs in 2 cases of EO-FAD patients,2 cases of EO-FAD carriers and 2 cases of normal controls.Preliminary bioinformatic analysis was conducted. Result sIt was found that 21 miRNAs were up-regulated and 22 miRNAs were down-regulated in serum of EO-FAD patients,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).miR-5704(P=0.0002),miR-4639-3p(P=0.0195),miR-107(P=0.0204) were markedly up-regulated,miR-5572(P=0.0008),miR-204-3p(P=0.0014),miR-542-5p(P=0.0106) and miR-155-5p(P=0.0240) were markedly down-regulated.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested that the dysregulated miRNAs may be involved in the mechanism of EO-FAD by affecting neurotrophin signaling pathway.Conclusion miR-5704,miR-4639-3p,miR-107,miR-5572,miR-204-3p,miR-542-5p and miR-155-5p may be used as potential biomarkers of EO-FAD,and involved in the mechanism of EO-FAD by affecting neurotrophin signaling pathway.

Objective To study possible clinical relationships of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and carotid atherosclerosis in diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Methods Levels of plasma MPO and serum elastase (ELT) of diabetic patients on MHD were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Carotid intima media thickness(CIMT),quantity and area of carotid plaque were measured by B-mode ultrasonography.Results Plasma MPO was significantly higher after hemodialysis(HD) than before HD(414.6 (198.9,671.5) μg/L vs 176.4 (69.9,243.3) μg/L,Z =-4.51,P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference of serum ELT before and after HD(198.0(146.9,270.5) μg/L vs 230.9(40.2,308.0) μg/L,Z =-1.87,P ＞ 0.05).There was positive correlation between the age and CIMT,quantity or area of carotid plaqueor(correlation coefficient:0.764,0.416 and 0.446 respectively,P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05),There was positive correlation between MPO level before HD and age,Levels of serum ELT before HD,or CIMT(correlation coefficient:0.592,0.476 and 0.810 respectively,P ＜ 0.01).There was positive correlation between MPO level after HD and levels of serum ELT after HD (correlation coefficient:0.364,P ＜ 0.05).There was no correlation between the levels of plasma MPO after HD and CIMT,quantity or area of carotid plaqueor (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion (1) Age and MPO level before HD contribute to carotid atherosclerosis in patients on MHD.(2)There was no relation between higher MPO level after HD and carotid atherosclerosis.

objective To investigate the effects of different sections of receptor associated protein (RAP) on the expression and distribution of TRPC6,synaptopodin and podocalyxin in passive Heymann nephritis(PHN). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with three kinds of antisera (anti-RAP full-length serum,anti-RAP N-terminal serum and anti-RAP C-terminal serum)to establish three kinds of PHN models.The control group was injected with normal rabbit serum.The quatitation of 24 h urinary protein,serum albumin and creatinine were taken before injection and one week after PHN model successfully induced.The histopathologic changes of renal tissues were observed by light microscopy.The expression and distribution of TRPC6,synaptopodin and podocalyxin in glomerular podocytes were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy and analyzed by fluorescence quantitative software after indirect immunofluorescence double staining.Results The quantities of 24 h urinary protein in the three model groups were significantly higher than those of themselves before injection and control groups (P<0.01,respectively).The values of serum albumin and creatinine were not significantly different before and after injection (P>0.05).The expression of TRPC6 in podocytes was higher in the PHN model groups than that of control group.Fluorescence intensity of TRPC6 in RAP full-length group was stronger than that in RAP N-terminal or C-terminal groups.The expressions of synaptopodin and podocalyxin distributed along the glomerular basement membrane as spot,discontinuous short line and defect of some segments,and were lower in three PHN groups than those of control group.Fluorescence intensity of synaptopodin and podocalyxin among three PHN groups had no differences. Conclusions RAP full-length and N-terminal or C-terminal parts can increase the expression of podocyte TRPC6,but decrease the expressions of synaptopodin and podocalyxin,and alter their distribution,which may be associated with the proteinuria,however,their role in the PHN pathogenesis needs further study.

Objective:To explore the relationship between atrial fibrillation stroke risk score (CHA2DS2-VASc score) and short-term prognosis of aged patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)complicated ischemic cerebral stroke (ICS).Methods:A total of 206 aged NVAF+ ICS patients who hospitalized in our hosipital from Jun 2011 to Aug 2013 were selected.CHA2DS2-VASc score was used to perform stroke risk stratification,and patients were di- vided into low risk group (n=24,0 score),medium risk group (n=78,1 score)and high risk group (n=104,2~9 scores).Modified Rankin scale (mRS)was used to assess patients'prognosis on three months after onset.According to mRS score,patients were divided into good prognosis group (n=89,0~2 scores)and poor prognosis group (n=117,3~6 scores).Independent predictors for poor prognosis in three months were analyzed.Results:Compared with low risk group,there were significant rise in age,percentages of hypertension,diabetes mellitus (DM),heart failure,stroke and vascular disease history,scores of United States national institutes of health stroke score (NIHSS) in medium and high risk groups (P<0.05 or <0.01).Compared with good prognosis group,there were significant rise in age [(72.81±7.68)years vs.(81.56±8.03)years],percentages of hypertension (58.4% vs.71.8%)and stroke history (9.0% vs.29.9%),scores of NIHSS [(2.97±1.42)scores vs.(7.67±3.92)scores]and CHA2DS2- VASc [(1.70±1.63)scores vs.(4.03±2.53)scores]in poor prognosis group,P<0.05 or <0.01. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated NIHSS score (high risk:OR=1.78,95%CI:1.27~2.56,P=0.001 ), CHA2DS2-VASc scores (high risk:OR=3.24,95%CI:1.32~6.98,P=0.001)and age (high risk:OR=1.23, 95%CI:1.07~1.54,P=0.01)were independent predictors for poor prognosis on three months in aged NVAF +ICS patients.Conclusion:CHA2DS2-VASc score is related to early improvement of patients with NVAF + ICS;age,scores of NIHSS and CHA2DS2-VASc are independent predictors for poor short-term prognosis.

Objective To investigate the phenotypes and genetics of an early-onset familial Alzheimer′s disease ( EO-FAD ) family.Methods The clinical manifestations , brain MRI results and neuropathological findings of the proband and pedigree members of the EO -FAD family were evaluated. Autopsy was performed in the proband . Results Fifteen members of this family had a presenilin 1 (PSEN1) p.G378E mutation and nine of them had clinical manifestations or the MRI changes of EO -FAD. Neuropathological findings from autopsy of the proband disclosed moderate cortical atrophy throughout the brain, especially in frontal lobe and temporal lobe .Neuronal loss with gliosis was observed in the cortices of the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes , as well as in parahippocampal gyrus .Numerous senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were present in the cerebral cortex .The proband′s younger sister showed similar clinical presentations and MRI changes , and other members of this family demonstrated progressive memory loss.Conclusion A p.G378E mutation in the PSENl gene was identified in a Chinese EO-FAD pedigree.