ObjectiveTo define the components of membranous labyrinth proteins which take part in the development of autoimmunity in experimental animals with autoimmune inner- ear disease(AIED). MethodsAn animal modee of AIED was es tablished by using homologous crude inner ear antigen to immune the guinea pig. The autoantibodies against inner ear antigenin the sera of animals were examined by immunoblotting assay. ResultsThe components of membranous labyrinth proteins were very complicated, which had five main bands in electrophoresis; most of immunized animals had only developed two sorts of autoantibod ies which were anti-68 kD and 136 kD membranous labyrinth proteins. There was no positive reaction in sera of control animals. Conclusion This results showed that the immune reactions against the 68 kD and 136 kD proteins of membranous labyrinth may be autoimmune bases for AIED in animals.

Objective　To quantify the characteristics of the auditory brainstem responses(ABR) in the normal newborns, in order to provide a data for newborn hearing screening. Methods　The ABR to click stimuli was investigated in a group of eighty normal newborns aged from 3 to 8 days and compared to those observed from the normal hearing youths. Results　Wave, Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ were identifiable in all of 160 ears at 130 dB pe-SPL. The threshold of wave Ⅴ to click stimuli was 61.94±6.87 dB peSPL, significantly higher than that in adults. Both latencies for wave Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ and interwaves latencies Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ were significantly tonger than those for the adults under identical test conditions. The ratio of interwaves latency Ⅲ-Ⅴ to Ⅰ-Ⅲ for normal newborn was 0.71±0.12, statisitically smaller than that in adults. Conclusion　Click level 70 dB peSPL appeared to be a feasible criterion of threshold of ABR for newborn hearing screening. There were no significant effects of sex and ear in newborn hearing screening. The auditory system of the newborns was not equally mature. The neurological system is the primary source of differences between newborns and adults.

OBJECTIVE To d e f i n e t h e microsurgical anatomy and exposure obtained by the maxillary swing approach. METHODS Ten adult cadaver specimens fixed by formalin solution were dissected under 5 to 20 times magnification. The microsurgical anatomy and measurement were performed by mimicking the maxillary swing approach. The anatomic relationship of the muscles, arteries,veins,nerves were carefully recorded. RESULTS The maxillary swing approach provides wide exposure extending from the central base to the lateral cranial base,including turkish saddle,the ipsilateral cavernous sinus,the clivus and C1,the nasopharynx,the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa,and the parapharyngeal space,etc. CONCLUSION The maxillary swing approach provides a suitable route for accessing lesions involving both the central and lateral cranial base. The sphenoid pterygoid process,the Eustachian tube,and the lateral pharyngeal wall separates the central cranial base from the lateral cranial base and limits anterolateral access to the central cranial base. Removing the pterygoid process provides exposure extending from the central to the lateral cranial base and allows for wide anterolateral access to the clivus and upper cervical spine. The maxillary swing approach is difficult and limited to reach the poststyloid compartment of the parapharyngeal space,the lateral region of styloid process,the horizontal segment of the petrous carotid.

Objective To observe effect of olivo-cochlear feedback produced by a contralateral noise on the inhibition of electrophysiological cochleaoneural activity under sedation and anesthesia with or without maintenance of temperature to investigate the effect of sedation and anesthesia on the cochlear efferent system function. Methods The recording of electrophysiological cochleoneural activity was to implant an electrode at the round window, the ASECA (average spectrum of electrophysiological cochleaoneural activity) was obtained to FFT transform for the signal recorded. Results The results indicated that the effects of contralateral noise on ASECA were notably diminished during sedation and were almost completely suppressed during anesthesia either with or without maintenance temperature. Conclusion The present study shows that sedation and anesthesia respectively diminish and suppresse the cochlear efferent system functions.

Objective To study the change and the characteristics of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) of awake guinea pigs with the acute injection of sodium salicylate, and to investigate the ototoxicity of sodium salicylate to OHC. Methods With CELESTA 503 otoacoustic emission analyzer, DPOAE including DP-gram and DP-I/O function of awake guinea pigs were recorded.DPOAE were measared before and 2,4,8 h after acute injection of sodium salicylate or saline respectively. The data were analysed with SPSS 10.0.Results Acute sodium salicylate injection mainly caused the DPOAE amplitude and the I/O slope to reversibly decrease and increase respectively. The changes were largest 2 h after injection, and almost returned to normal level 8 h after injection. The differences between certain outcomes of DPOAE after and before injection were significant (P

AIM: To study the origin of the 1kHz peak of average spectrum electrophysiological cochleoneural activity (ASECA-1kHz),which is related to the firing of auditory neurous-a possible synchronized firing. METHODS: By using the various sound presented either ipsilaterally or contralaterally,the alterations of ASECA-1kHz were detected under the state of awakness. RESULTS: (1) Contralateral stimulation with noise bands at frequencies above 8kHz and below acoustic interaural cross-talk decreased the amplitude of ASECA-1kHz. (2) For the presentations of ipsilaterally noises,when the acoustic bandwidth was above or below 1.5kHz,then produced respectively an increase or a decrease of ASECA-1kHz. (3) Pure tones when presented contralaterally had no detectable effect,but when presented ipsilaterally pure tones with frequencies higher than 4kHz decreased the ASECA-1kHz. Moreover,the detailed time course of sound-induced variations of the 1kHz peak was measured by time averaging,the resulting response patterns were resemblance to PST histogram of the auditory nerve. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the ASECA-1kHz peak in the guinea pig originates from a restricted tonotopic area corresponding to the high frequencies of 12.5-25 kHz and that it should correspond to a synchronized spontaneous firing of fibers.

AIM: To find the evidence of electrophysi ol ogic mechanisms associated with average spectrum of electrophysiological cochleo neural activity (ASECA), a measure of spontaneous auditory nerve activity altera tions. METHODS: The long-term salicylate treatment was used to establis h the available animal model of tinnitus, the ASECA was monitored, and the effec ts of various presented ipsilateral acoustic were investigated. RESULTS: (1) In the first treatment, ASECA decreased acutely dur ing several hours after salicylate administration. After several days (1 week an d 2 weeks) this decrease was reduced. (2) Over weeks of salicylate administratio n, the level of ASECA increased progressively, but at the end of treatment, acou stic tuning of ASECA showed a partially decreased sensitivity. (3) In control an imals, delivery of an ipsilateral noise reproduced the increase in the level of ASECA that was similar to the result observed in long-term salicylate-treated an imals. The noise (the white noise was 55-60 dB SPL) was of moderate level and it slightly elevated CAP thresholds at higher frequencies. CONCLUSION: In the long-term salicylate-treated animals, the ASE CA-1 kHz increased reflects strongly increased synchronized activity in the audi tory nerve.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of using Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP)nasal spray on seasonal perennial allergic rhinitis. METHODS To 100 clinics indeed patients was divided into random for three groups:Cetirizine Hydyrochloeide Tablets cure 30 of set,take orally Cetirizine Hydyrochloeide Tablets 10 mg,everyday once; The BDP nasal spray 30 of set,spraying fog to BDP nasal spray, everyday 2 times,every time two per nostril(or everyday 3-4 times,every time a per nostril),dosage everyday can't over eight(400?g);Cetirizine Hydyrochloeide Tablets add BDP nasal spray to unite to cure 40 of set,using the medicine method together up.Cure time is a 7-14 days,have four times at least with visit the register, distinguish after treatment the 1 hour,the 7 days,the 14 days. Advertise for to carry on the valuation to account the cent to the nose department and a symptom,body of non-nose with observer from the sufferer, according to get a goal how much carry on the curative effect evaluation and covariances to learn the processing. RESULTS Cetirizine Hydyrochloeide Tablets and BDP nasal spray to have no obviously bad reaction towards cure the seasonal allergic rhinitis is all valid. Cetirizine Hydyrochloeide Tablets add BDP nasal spray to unite to cure a curative effect to equal the BDP nasal spray a treatment set but hight in Cetirizine Hydyrochloeide Tablets cure the set,through the x~2 examination,the difference has to statistics to learn the meaning. CONCLUSION Put together the function unite that the antihistamine and glucocorticoid,is the most valid under medical treatment the seasonal allergic rhinitis of method. Ideal treatment medicine is sine can cure the acute reaction symptom, and then cure the late hair reaction symptom.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment for adult acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by lung infections,so as to explore the clinical efficacy and application value of ECMO.Methods The patients with 7 ARDS who were responded poorly to mechanical ventilation in Zhongshan Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to January 2015 were collected.All patients were divided into a study group (7 cases) treated by ECMO and a control group (7 cases) treated by traditional methods.The percutaneous incision on femoral vein-internal jugular vein (V-V) was selected to carry out ECMO intubation,and the V-V ECMO model was used for auxiliary bypass of flow.The comparisons between the two groups for the results of hemodynamics,blood-gas analysis and oxygen metabolism were performed to evaluate synthetically the adjuvant effects of ECMO.Results Seven ARDS patients caused by lung infections were treated by ECMO,including 4 cases with bacterial pneumonia,2 cases with H7N9 and 1 case with H1N1.Thc duration of ECMO was (21.00 ± 10.06) days;2 cases were weaned from ECMO successfully,and 1 case recovered and discharged.Seven cases with ARDS caused by severe lung bacterial infections in control group were all not recovered on discharge.After treatment,the heart rate (HR),pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PCWP),venous partial pressure of oxygen (PvO2),arterial blood lactic acid (Lac) in study group were significantly lower than those in the control group [HR (bpm)was 100± 12 vs.120± 19,PCWP (mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) was 8.8 ± 2.6 vs.11.6± 3.8,PvCO2 (mmHg) was 40.8 ± 13.1 vs.48.9 ± 16.2,Lac (mmol/L) was 2.1 ± 0.8 vs.5.2 ± 0.6,all P ＜ 0.05],the mean arterial pressure (MAP),cardiac output index (CI),arterial and venous blood pH values,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2),arterial partial pressure carbon dioxide (PaCO2),arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2),oxygen delivery (DO2),oxygen consumption (VO2),oxygen extraction (ERO2) were obviously higher in study group than those control group [MAP (mmHg) was 83.6 ± 8.2 vs.72.2 ± 94,CI (mL· s-1 · m-2) was 93.35 ± 3.33 vs.81.68 ± 8.33,pH of arterial blood was 7.4 ± 0.1 vs.7.1 ± 0.3,PaO2 (mmHg):98.5 ± 20.4 vs.49.3 ± 12.6,PaCO2 (mmHg):38.9 ± 16.2 vs.26.1 ± 17.4,SaO2:0.95 ± 0.02 vs.0.58 ± 0.04,pit of venous blood was 7.1 ± 0.2 vs.6.4 ± 0.3,PvCO2 (mmHg) was 40.8 ± 13.1 vs.48.9 ± 16.2,SvO2 was 0.75 ± 0.07 vs.0.49 ± 0.08,DO2 (mL· min-1 · m-2) was 651 ± 36 vs.400 ± 81,VO2 (mL· min-1 · m-2) was 245.0 ± 11.2 vs.103.0 ± 14.8,ERO2 was (35.6± 3.9)％ vs.(21.3± 5.2)％,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions ECMO can improve hypoxemia.So it can improve the metabolism and maintain hemodynamic stability,in the mean time the patients may gain more time for diagnosis and treatment of their primary lung diseases.The key points of a successful ECMO are suitable selection of patients and forceful prevention of complications.