Objective To evaluate and analyze the results of one stage anteroposterior decompression and internal fixation for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligaments (OPLL). Methods One stage anteroposterior decompression and fixation was carried out from October 2001 to March 2004 in eight cases of OPLL including seven males and one female with age of 32-55 years (average 48.2 years). Results All cases were followed up for 6-30 months. According to criteria of Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA), the postoperative JOA score increased for 1-8 scores (mean 4.5 scores). The postoperative improvement rate of symptom was 50%. Conclusion One stage anteroposterior decompression and internal fixation is a good alternative method for treatment of OPLL, for it has advantages of complete decompression, reliable therapeutic effect and sound recovery.

[Objective]To investigate the efficacy of tissue-engineerring artificial bone in treating rabbit bone defect.[Method]Rabbit bone marrow stromal cell were separated for cell culture,and subculture was done to increase the number of bone marrow stromal cell.A combined grafting material was made of bone marrow stromal cell and bioglass.The mixture,ilium and bioglass were used respectively to repair segment defects created in the radius of rabbits.The repair capability was assessed by figuration,radiography,histochemistry stains,scanning electron microscopy and biomechanical analysis at 12 weeks after operation.[Result]The amount of new bone formation with tissue-engineering artificial bone was more than that of other 3 groups.At 12 weeks the defect was bridged with the appearance of marrow cavities,but the bony healing was not found in the blank controls,which were repaired by fibrous tissue.After 12 weeks,the new bone formation in the group of the combined bone marrow stromal cells and bioglass showed the best performance.There was significant difference between groups.[Conclusion]Bone marrow stromal cell is a kind of good bony stem cell.The mechanism of osteogenesis may attribute to both intramembranous and endochondral ossification.The tissue engineering structuring bone marrow stromal cell is a promising method to repair bone defects.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement plus hyperextension position reset for acute thoracolumbar vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures has been reported to achieve good clinical efficacy.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement plus hyperextension position reset for Kümmell disease in the elderly.METHODS:Twenty-two old patients with Kümmell disease were included,involving 8 males and 14 females,aged 55-84 years old,and the injuried vertebrae included T11 (n=2),T12 (n=8),L1 (n=7),L2 (n=4),L3 (n=2),L4 (n=2),and L5 (n=1).All patients underwent the unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement plus hyperextension position reset.The visual analogue scale and the Oswestry Disability Index scores,vertebral body height as well as vertebral kyphosis angle were determined before and after treatment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) All patients were successfully operated,pain relieved or disappeared within 24 hours postoperatively.No spinal cord injury,pulmonary embolism and other complications were found.One patient presented with cement leakage without obvious clinical symptoms;two patients had non-adjacent vertebral fractures during follow-up.(2) The visual analogue scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores at 1 day postoperatively were significantly lower than those at baseline (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The anterior,medial and posterior height of involved vertebral body,kyphotic angle of involved vertebral body at 1 day postoperatively were significantly higher than those at baseline (P ＜ 0.05).(4) These results manifest that unilateral percutaneous vertebropiasty with bone cement plus hyperextension position reset to treat Kümmell disease in the elderly can significantly relieve back pain,restore partial vertebral height,correct local kyphosis and improve functional recovery of the injured vertebrae.

Aim To investigate the drug-containing serum of Rhizoma drynariae on osteogenesis differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem, and discuss the possible mechanism.Methods BMSCs were cultured in media with different concentrations of medicine containing serum.BMSCs proliferation ability was detected in 3,5,7,9 days by CCK-8.ALP activity was detected after 7,10,14 days′ induction.After 3 weeks culturing, alizarin red staining was performed to observe the formation of calcium nodules.The expression of β-catenin,LRP5,RUNX-2 and Osteriex mRNA were detected using RT-PCR.The protein expression of β-catenin,LRP5 was detected using Elisa method.Results Rhizoma drynariae drug-containing serum could obviously promote the proliferation of BMSCs and calci-fied nodule formation.Besides, the ALP activity was improved in a certain period of time.The expression of β-catenin,LRP5,GSK-3β,RUNX-2 and Osteriex mRNA were significantly up-regulated,and the protein expression of β-catenin,LRP5 was up-regulated too.The expression of GSK-3β was down-trgulated.Conclusions Rhizoma drynariae drug-containing serum promotes mineralization and osteogenic differentiationof BMSCs, and the mechanism is closely related with activating WNT/beta-catenin signaling pathway, raising the beta-catenin, LRP5, RUNX-2, and Osteriex mRNA expression, beta-catenin, LRP5 protein expression,and down-regulation of GSK-3β mRNA expression.

BACKGROUND:Increasing studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the treatment of osteoarthritis,and moderate autophagy can preserve the normal physiological function of osteoarticular chondrocytes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers can target and modulate autophagy to treat osteoarthritis,and their characteristics such as single components,clear efficacy,low price,and easy availability have obvious benefits in the treatment of osteoarthritis.OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of TCM monomers on the targeted regulation of autophagy in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the research progress,with a view to laying a foundation for the treatment of osteoarthritis and even other bone metabolic diseases.METHODS:Relevant literature published from January 2012 to October 2022 was retrieved in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang using the keywords of"traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese herbal monomer,autophagy,osteoarthritis"in English and Chinese.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed,and 63 relevant articles were finally included by screening through reading the title,abstract,and full-text content.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:TCM monomers can treat osteoarthritis by targeting autophagy to inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis,protect cartilage extracellular matrix,reduce inflammation and antagonize oxidative stress injury.Different TCM monomers can regulate autophagy in the same way,and the same TCM monomers can affect autophagy in different ways.The combination of multiple monomers and the multi-target and multi-pathway regulation of autophagy by TCM monomers remain to be explored.The regulation of autophagy by TCM monomers can provide new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.Moderate regulation of autophagy by TCM monomers to keep the autophagic flux unimpeded may be the key to treating osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND:More and more studies have shown that oxidative stress should play an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis.Oxidative stress should cause the accumulation of oxidation activity,which will damage bone-related cells.Finally,it causes the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation,resulting in a decrease in bone volume and the destruction of the slight structure.Research in recent years has found that some natural products can regulate oxidative stress to treat osteoporosis.The characteristics of extensive sources and small side effects have obvious advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis,and the efficacy is objective. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the mechanism of natural product regulation of oxidation stress in treatment of osteoporosis,conduct a review based on the latest related research progress,provide reference and ideas for more natural products to treat osteoporosis in the future,and provide data support for the clinical application of natural compounds in the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS:"oxidative stress,free radical,antioxidant,phytotherapy,plant extracts,medicinal plants,herbal medicine,osteoporosis,bone density,bone loss"were used as the keywords in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane,VIP,CBM,WanFang,and CNKI databases to search relevant articles published from January 2010 to February 2023.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed,and 64 relevant articles were selected by reading titles,abstracts,and full texts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Some natural products have antioxidant effects and can regulate osteogenic differentiation,osteoblast bone matrix mineralization,osteoclast-mediated bone resorption,proliferation,differentiation,activity,and apoptosis of bone-related cells by improving oxidative stress,thus affecting bone metabolism.(2)These natural products with antioxidant effects play a role in treating osteoporosis by improving bone remodeling balance.(3)The research on the combination of a variety of natural products to improve osteoporosis remains to be explored.(4)The use of natural products to regulate oxidative stress may become a powerful weapon for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis in the future.

Osteoporosis， a common metabolic bone disease， is caused by the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Bone homeostasis depends on the dynamic balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone matrix formation by mesenchymal lineage osteoblasts and involves a series of complex and highly regulated steps. When bone resorption is faster than bone formation， bone homeostasis will be destroyed， which will lead to osteoporosis. Autophagy is a protein and organelle degradation pathway important for the maintenance of cytoplasmic homeostasis. The basal level of autophagy is present in all the three types of bone cells. Autophagy is a process whereby damaged organelles are recycled and bone remodeling continues， and thus it plays an important role in bone maintenance. Therefore， it is possible to regulate bone metabolism by targeting specific autophagy-related molecules. At the same time， as the research on the treatment of osteoporosis by Chinese medicine advances， it is found that the monomers isolated from traditional Chinese medicinals have the potential of regulating autophagy in the treatment of osteoporosis. Thus， this paper discusses the relationship between autophagy and osteoporosis and summarizes six different mechanisms of 22 Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of osteoporosis through targeting autophagy： increasing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells， promoting osteoblast mineralization， inhibiting osteoclasts differentiation， reducing apoptosis of bone cells， antagonizing oxidative stress injury， and coordinating inflammation and autophagy levels. The review is expected to provide a reference and ideas for future research on the treatment of osteoporosis by Chinese medicine monomers.