Aortic dissection (AD) is a kind of critical macroangiopathy with extremely high mortality ,and it has at-tracted domestic and foreign scholars to research animal AD model establishment .The present article made an over-view on research progress in animal AD model establishment .

Objective:To investigate the pathological changes following the focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats and the effect of acupuncture on them. Methods: A model of ischemia and reperfusion was established by thread occlusion, and the brain-activating acupuncture was applied, and then the morphological changes of the cerebral cortex on the ischemic side were observed under electron and light microscopes. Results:Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion could lead to the structural injury of neurons, gliacytes and capillary vessels in rat's brain, and acupuncture could improve the ultra-structural injury in the area around the cerebral ischemia. It was also found that acupuncture intervention at 3 hours following reperfusion was more ideal than that at any other time points. Conclusion: Acupuncture has a protective effect on the ultra-structural injury of neurons associated with focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats, and acupuncture given within 3 hours following reperfusion can produce a satisfactory effect.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is featured by asymmetry myocardial hypertrophy ,mainly involves interventricular septum ,and its clinical manifestations are left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmia .It′s thera-peutic methods include medication ,intervention ,surgery ,dual chamber pacemaker (DDD) treatment and implant-able cardioverter /defibrillator (ICD) treatment etc .This article made following overview on treatment progress of HCM .

Objective To investigate the efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy for duplex kidney anomalies.Methods Retroperitoneoscopic heminephroureterectomy was performed on nine patients, six males and three females.The average age of the study group was 37 years ( range 13 to 58).Seven cases had anomalies on the upper kidney pole, two cases had anomalies on the lower kidney pole.Five anomalies were on the left side, two were on the right side and two were in bilateral sides (one special case had three ureters on the left side and two ureters on the right side ).Three cases complained of flank pain; two cases were found hydronephrosis by physical routine examination;Three cases complained of flank pain and fever; one cases complained of hematuria and kidney atones.All the cases were preoperatively diagnosed by color doppler ultrasound, MRU, IVP or CTU.Retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy was performed on all patients.The operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications and efficacy were observed.Results All the retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedures were successfully completed.No intraoperative complications were found.The average operation time was 87 min (range, 65 to 125).The average blood loss was 112 ml (range, 30 to 600).The recovery times of intestinal function was 1.6 days ( range, 1 to 3 ).The average postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range, 5 to 12).The syndrome disappeared and kidney function was normal at a mean followup of 18 monthes.Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgeries for duplex kidney has the benefits of being minimally invasive, fewer complications, quick recovery and certainty of efficacy.Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgeries can be considered as a first operation method to treat duplex kidney anomalies.

Objective To observe the clinical effect and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) on osteoporosis vertebral compres-sion fractures (OVCF) in elderly. Methods From January, 2014 to May, 2015, 88 patients with OVCF treated with PKP were retrospective studied. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the pain and quality of life, and the ky-photic angle (Cobb's angle) and anterior vertebral body height were recorded before operation, one week after operation and the last fol-low-up. The cement leakage and its effect on nerve function were recorded. Results Bone cement leakage was found in eleven patients, in which two in pedicle, three in venous leakage, three in intervertebral disc and three in vertebral posterior. Nerve root symptoms appeared in one patient, who was treated with decompression. The scores of VAS and ODI, and the Cobb's angel were significantly lower (t>29.518, P<0.001), and the vertebral body height was significantly higher (t>35.173, P<0.001) one week after operation and the last follow-up than be-fore operation. Conclusion PKP is safe and effective for OVCF in elderly. It can efficiently reduce the pain, correct kyphotic deformity and improve the quality of life.

The development of acupuncture in Australia has been booming.Under this circumstance,a series of acupuncture standards,codes and guidelines were established by different associations of TCM in Australia.Moreover,Australia has set the front pace in the field of acupuncture standards among the countries outside China.This paper is to introduce the acupuncture standards of Australia in three aspects respectively:national standards,industry standards and regional standards and to generalize the content of the main standards as well as analyze the current condition of Australian acupuncture standardization in order to generally give an all-around view of Australian acupuncture standards to the researchers in the field of international acupuncture standards.

The standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion in Canada is increasingly flouring nowadays:on one hand,acupuncture industry in legislated provinces is in the charge of direct administrative departments and associations of acu-moxi; on the other hand,according to the local situations,relevant regulations have been made,which are concentrated on two aspects-technical and administrative standards.Undoubtedly,Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturist (CARB),united by each provincial TCM/Acupuncture Administration,is the first step to issue federal standards and establish federal level management institution.However,now the releasing of a fundamental regulatory file is in need of active corporation and publicity from each province and association.Therefore,it shows that the body of standardization in Canada is still not relatively perfect.Through introducing and analyzing the relevant information,the author expects that the readers can know the current development of acupuncture and moxibustion standardization in Canada.

Objective:To explore the clinical features and prognosis of urachal carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data of 35 patients with urachal carcinoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2011 to November 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 23 males and 12 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.92∶1. The average age was (52.1±13.9) years old, and the median age was 55 years old. There were 8 patients with a history of smoking and 3 patients with a history of drinking. There were 5 cases of hypertension, 5 cases of diabetes, 2 cases of coronary heart disease, and 1 case of cerebral infarction. The first symptoms were hematuria in 25 cases, lower abdominal pain in 4 cases, abdominal mass in 2 cases, umbilical discharge in 1 case, and asymptomatic in 4 cases.Preoperative CT examination showed that the tumor was located on the top wall of the bladder in 24 cases and the front wall of the bladder in 11 cases. There were 25 solid tumors and 10 cystic tumors. The maximum diameter of the tumor was 1.5 to 11.0 cm, and the median maximum diameter of the tumor was 4.0 cm. Preoperative cystoscopy detected masses on the anterior or top wall of the bladder and urachal carcinoma was suspected in 35 cases. All 35 cases underwent enlarged partial cystectomy (conventional resection of the umbilical part), and 3 cases underwent pelvic lymph node dissection at the same time. Among them, 19 cases underwent open surgery, 14 cases underwent laparoscopic surgery, and 2 cases underwent Da Vinci robot assisted laparoscopic surgery.Results:According to Mayo staging, there were 10 cases of stage Ⅰ, 18 cases of stage Ⅱ, 1 case of stage Ⅲ, and 6 cases of stage Ⅳ. The overall follow-up rate was 91.4% (32/35), and the median follow-up time was 41 (3-103) months. The 1-year survival rate was 82.5%, the 3-year survival rate was 59.3%, and the 5-year survival rate was 53.9%. Univariate analysis showed that age ( P=0.033), maximum tumor diameter ( P=0.011), lymph node metastasis ( P=0.002), distant metastasis ( P=0.011), pathological grade ( P=0.001), Mayo staging ( P=0.026) were ralated prognostic factors (all P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that the pathologically poor differentiation ( HR=1.640, 95% CI 1.112-2.418, P=0.013), and the largest tumor diameter ≥4cm were ( HR=5.000, 95% CI 1.099-22.755, P=0.037). Independent factors affecting patient prognosis. Conclusions:Urachal carcinoma is a malignant bladder tumor with insidient onset. Most of the first diagnosis symptoms are hematuria. When diagnosed, most patients are in the middle and late stages of clinical grading, and the prognosis is poor.Pathological grade and maximum tumor diameter are independent factors that affect the prognosis of patients with urachal carcinoma. The higher was the pathological grade, and the larger was the maximum tumor diameter, the worse was the prognosis.

Objective To compare the differences between the schizophrenics with negative and positive symptoms on prefrontal lobe and thalamus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS). Methods 58 negative subtype and 51 positive subtype schizophrenics were examined at prefrontal lobe and thalamus by multivoxel 1H-MRS before antipsychotic treatment The N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds ( Cho), and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr were determined. Results On right thalamus,the NAA/Cr ratio in negative subtype patients ( 1.40 ± 0.29 ) demonstrated lower than that in positive subtype ( 1.62 ± 0.33 ), the same phenomenon were appeared on male, female, non-first-episode, with-medicine and without-medicine patients (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). The Cho/Cr ratio on right thalamus in negative subtype of female,non-first-episode,without-medicine schizophrenics were lower than those in positive subtype (P ＜ 0.05 ).On left prefrontal lobe,left thalamus and right thalamus, the NAA/Cr ratios both in negative subtype and positive subtype schizophrenics were significantly negatively related with age of onset(P＜0. 05 or 0.01 ). In negative subtype schizophrenics,the Cho/Cr ratio on right thalamus was positively related with age of onset ( r = 0. 25, P ＜0.05 ). In negative subtype schizophrenics of non-first-episode, without-medicine, the correlation was negative between the NAA/Cr ratio and the course of disease( r= -0.48, -0.46, P＜0.05 ) ,and was positive between Cho/Cr ratio and the course of disease on right thalamus( r= 0.58,0.56, P＜ 0.01 ). Conlusion Compared with positive subtype schizophrenics,negative subtype schizophrenics have greater impairments on 1 H-MRS on right thalamus. The course of disease has greater effects on 1 H-MRS in negative subtype schizophrenics.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Huatan Tongluo on the Bederson's scores,the permeability of blood-brain barrier and ultrastructure of hippocampus endothelial cells after thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction.To provide experimental evidence for the prevention of bleeding after thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction with Huatan Tongluo.Methods 120 SD male rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group,rt-PA group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA low-dose group,Huatan Tougluo combined rt-PA medium-dose group and Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA high-dose group( each group was divided in 6h,24h,3d,7d four-phase).MCAO rats were prepared by self-embolus method.rt-PA group and Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA groups were given rt-PA through tail vein injection and three doses of Huatan Tongluo to treat.To observe the Bederson's scores in rat on four-phase.To detect the permeability of blood-brain barrier(BBB) by the Evans Blue dye ( EB dye) and watch the ultrastructure of hippocampus endothelial cells in ischemic region by electron microscopy.Results 1.Bederson's scores:Compared with model group,rt-PA group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA low-dose group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose group and Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA high-dose group significantly lower(P＜0.01 ) ; Compared with rt-PA group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose groups and high-dose groups was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.05).2.EB dye:Compared with model group,rt-PA group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA low-dose group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose group and Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA high-dose group (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; Compared with rt-PA group ( 6h:( 236.72 ± 79.79 ) ng/g; 24h:(229.72 ±22.18)ng/g;3d:(163.34 ±24.45)ng/g;7d:(133.21 ±25.09)ng/g),Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose groups (6h:( 121.63 ± 33.27) ng/g;24h:( 153.78 ± 60.67 ) ng/g;3d:( 76.05 ± 27.11 ) ng/g;7d:(72.97 ±25.81 ) ng/g) and high-dose groups (6h:( 123.11 ±23.65) ng/g;24h:( 138.36 ±52.36)ng/g;3d:(83.00 ±32.00)ng/g;7d:(75.06 ± 13.97) ng/g) was significantly lower(P＜ 0.01 ).3.Electron microscopy:Compared with model group,treatment groups all protected the endothelial cells.In 24h,the Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA high-dose group was best.At 3d and 7d,the Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose group was best.ConclusionHuatan Tongluo combined rt-PA to thrombolysis can protect the blood-brain barrier and endothelial cells of hippocampal's ischemic region.After thrombolytic,to adjust the medicine drug concentration at different time can play a better treatment results.