Objective To explore the effect of aluminum on learning and memory and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cerebral tissues. Methods 20 mice weighed 18-21g were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group treated with AlCl3 at 4 mg daily by gavage for 7 weeks and the control group treated with saline. After the treatment, the ability of learning and memory were evaluated by Y-maze test and step-down test, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cerebral tissues was determined. Results In the Y-maze test, the time of up to par in the experimental group (130?13) was significantly more than that in the control(79?7), in the step-down test, the 5 minutes error time in the experimental group(2.5?0.50) was significantly more than that in the control(1.4?0.49), 24 hours retest, the 5 minutes error time in the experimental group(1.3?0.48) was still more than that in the control(0.4?0.29). The activity of SOD in the experimental group[(2.1?0.38)U/mg Pro]showed a significant decrease compared with the control[(3.1?0.21)U/mg Pro]. Conclusion Aluminum can damage learning and memory of mice and can decrease the activity of SOD in the cerebral tissues.

OBJECTIVE:To clarify the current situation of technologies for preparation of nanomedicine.DATA SOURCES: A search of Elsevier database was performed using the key terms "nanomedicine, preparation,nanoparticle, ultrafine powder, microsphere, drug, controlled release" from January 2000 to September 2006. Meanwhile,we also searched the China Journal Full-text Database for the related articles published between January 2000 to September 2006 with the key words "nanomedicine, preparation, powder, microsphere, controlled release" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Articles were selected primarily after their abstracts being read, and related articles accorded with the criteria were collected and read entirely.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 268 articles about nanomedcine were collected. Those repetitive or similar researches were excluded, and 38 articles met the research criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: Nanomedicine consists of macromolecular conjugates and particulate drug carriers. The materials are stable but also degradable and biocompatible. At present, many technologies have been used for preparing nanomedicine, such as, emulsion, microemulsion, ultrasonic solvent-nonsolvent, spay drying and high-pressure homogenization, and so on.CONCLUSION: The application of nanomedicine carrier and nanotechnology not only sheds a new light on the traditional drugs whose applications are strongly restricted by their poor solubility, high toxicity and poor stability, but also enhances their therapeutic efficiency with lower dosage through targeting effect.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of victims suffering from sudden cardiac death(SCD), eurological calcium adhesion proteins (N-Cadherin) and Bax and explore their significance in forensic medicine. Methods Separately select 33 samples of myocardial tissue suffering from sudden cardiac death and 29 samples of myocardial tissue from the cases which were diagnosed not dying of heart disease as SCD and controls. Histological methods were used to examine the morphologic changes in myocardial tissue, examining the expression changes of N-Cadherin and Bax and analyzing them in a statistic way. Results N-Cadherin was weakly positively expressed in myocardial tissue of group SCD and the cells shew disordered arrangement, which is obviously lower than the controls. The cells exhibited obvious features ordered arrangement in control group. The positive expression of Bax was detected in myocardial tissue of group SCD, which is obviously higher than the controls. Conclusion The expression changes observation of N-Cadherin and Bax will make a difference to the sudden cardiac death.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperuricemia on vascular endothelial function.Methods With high-resolution ultrasound,flow-and nitroglycerin induced dilation,the vasodilation of brachial artery was measured in 30 hyperuricemia male patients and 30 healthy male subjects(control group).Both serum NO and plasma endothelin-1(ET-1) levels were determined at the same time.Results In patients with hyperuricemia,flow-induced vasodilation was much reduced compared with that in the control subjects(P0.05).Plasma NO level in the hyperuricemia group was lower than that in the control group (P

Objective To find out the relationship between kidney- yang- deficiency syndrome and the Th1/Th2 expression, and to investigate the effect of kidney- yang warming therap yon the Th1/Th2 expression. Methods Kidney- yang- deficiency rat models were firstly induced by adenine and then were sensitizated by inhalation of ovalbumin to establish allergic rhinitis (AR)models .The treatment group was given Jinkui Shenqi pill. After treatment , the changes of behavior , secretion of nasal cavity and nasal mucosa were observed. The levels of Th1 cytokines IFN- ? , IL- 2 and Th2 cytokines IL- 4 , IL- 5 in serum were determined by ELISA. Results The behavioral score in AR group and kidney- yang- deficiency AR group was higher than that in the treatment group and normal control group ( P

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is one of the complications of spinal cord injury, but its mechanism is unclear, different scholars have different points about whether all bones above and below the level of trauma are affected after spinal cord injury (SCI).OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultrastructure of bone tissue of secondary osteoporosis after spinal cord injury and the change of serum biochemical indexes, to analyze the suffered condition and injured degree of the bones above and below the level of the trauma.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimentSETTING: Laboratory of Animals, and Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Second Clinical Hospital of Jilin University; Transmission Electron Microscope Center, Norman Bethune Division of Medical Sciences of Jilin UniversityMATERIALS: This experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animals, Second Clinical Hospital of Jilin University from May 2002 to May 2003. Totally 110 male Wistar rats, aged 4 to 5 month-old, with the body mass of (300 -320)g were involved.METHODS: Ten rats were randomly chosen from 110 male Wistar rats and were set as 0 week blank control group, the ther rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, there were 10 rats in week 1, 2, 3, 7 and 11 control group and experimental group separately.1 mL/L of pentobarbital natrium was intraperitoneal injected to perform anesthesia, in the control group, lamina with dura intact of rats were removed only, without spinal cord injury at the level of tenth thoracic vertebrae. In the experimental group, lamina of rats was also removed, the spinal cord injury model of the rats were made by the method of Allen's.4 mL venous blood was collected from the animals at the end of postoperative week 0, week 1, week 2, week 3, week 7 and week 11, then the animals were put to death, perform blood centrifuging .We observe the change of serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phophatase (ALP) with 7170A HITACHI auto-biochemistry analyzer. Right side humerus, tibia in week 0 blank control group, week 7 experimental group and week 11 experimental group were chosen, then 25 mL/L ethylene dinitrilotetraacetic acid was used for decalcium for 1 month for preparingthe sections. We observe the change of ultrastructure of osteocytes at the sites of tibial plateau and the surgical neck of the humerus after stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate under transmission electron microscope.biochemistry detection: the level of phosphorus at week 2 of the experiment was significantly lower in the control group than experiment group [(1.54±0.21),(2.76±0.16)mmol/L, (P ＜ 0.01)]; the level of calcium at week 3 in the experiment group was significantly higher than in the control group [(2.52±0.06),(2.35±0.12)mmol/L, (P ＜ 0.01)];the level of alkaline phophatase at week 7 in the experiment group was significantly higher than in the control group [(155.86±20.42), (129.25±7.30)Nμ/mg,operative week 7, the tibia sample showed that the osteocyte separated from the osseous lacuna, the nucleus showed anomaly, fluffed materials appeared. Mitochondrion swelled, rough endoplasmic hollowed; At week 11, osteocyte separated from the osseous lacuna. At postoperative 7 week,the humerus sample showed that osteocyte separated from osseous lacuna,some nucleus pycnosis and rough endoplasmic hollowed; At postoperative week 11, the above changes still were seen, but the degree of cellular swelling and hollowing were lighten.CONCLUSION: At the early stage of spinal cord injury, the activity of osteoclast is increased and the activity of osteoblast is decreased, which leads to the increase of bone absorption, the bone formation is largely weakened. The bones above and below the level of trauma are both affected after spinal cord injury, but different extents of osteoporosis can be seen in different bones .The change of ultrastructure of osteocytes is remarkable when osteoporosis has happened.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of tumstatin related peptide T3 mediated by short peptide to osteosarcoma vascular. Methods Through MTS assay, wound healing assay, the inhibitory effect of targeting-T3 peptide and T3 peptide on the human umbilical veil endothelial cell was studied in vitro. After the preparation of 50 nude mice model bearing osteosarcoma, the nude mice bearing too large or too small tumors were eliminated and the left ones were divided into 4 groups (6 animals for each group: T3 peptide, targeting-T3 peptide, CTX, PBS) randomly. Through weight of tumor, histopathologicol slice and immunohistochemical methods. The inhibitory action of targeting-T3 peptide and T3 peptide on the neoge-netic vascular of osteosarcoma implanted in nude mouse was studied. Results In vitro, both T3 peptide and targeting-T3 peptide effectively inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical veil endothelial cell. In the experiment of vivo, the average weight of tumor of targeting-T3 peptide group was (1.104?.247) g, the average weight of the T3 peptide group was (1.484?.369) g. There was the statistical difference in tumor inhibition on the osteosarcoma betweent the targeting-T3 group and T3 group (F=16.353, P=0.000). The positive rate of vascular endothelial growth factor and metastasis in the lung in the targeting-T3 peptide group all descended than the T3 peptide group. Conclusion Because of the short peptide to osteosarcoma vascular, targeting-T3 peptide could significantly restrain the development of osteosarcoma. Coupling short peptide to T3 peptide increase the selective binding of T3 peptide to osteosarcoma vascular.

Objective To investigate the technique and clinical results of rectangular SL-PLUS/SLR-PLUS cementless stem prosthesis in treating femoral bone defects in total hip revision surgery.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed involving 57 patients underwent total hip revision using SL-PLUS/SLR-PLUS cementless stem prosthesis for femoral defects from October 2000 to April 2014,including 22 males and 35 females with average age 62 years (range 44 to 83 years).All patients underwent unilateral surgery,21 in the left and 36 in the right.Eighteen cases of Paprosky Ⅱ,23 cases of type ⅢA and 16 cases of type ⅢB were included.Revision surgeries were performed using uncemented rectangular SL-PLUS/SLRPLUS femoral stems.Femurs were split in 12 cases without bone grafting.Acetabulum revision or acetabuloplasty were conducted in 51 cases by the use of 33 spherical cups and 18 reinforcement rings.Signs for prosthesis loosing such as transparent line around prosthesis,osteolysis and subsidence were recorded at the follow-ups.The clinical effects were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS),Harris score and activity daily life (ADL) score.Results The average operation was 108 min,ranging from 100 to 170 min.The average blood loss was 660 ml,ranging from 300 to 850 ml.All prostheses were placed optimally and received press-fit stability in the initial state.No neurological or vascular complication occurred during or after the operation.All incision healed at stage Ⅰ without nerve traction injury,joint dislocation,fractures,acute infection and lower limb deep vein thrombosis.The average follow-up duration was 4.8 years,ranging from 2 to 16 years.Total VAS improved from 6.54±1.56 to 2.28± 1.46 (t=17.335,P＜0.001).The Harris score improved from 46.74±7.95 to 78.46±8.25 (t=-25.012,P＜0.001),and the ADL scores increased from 56.84±6.86 to 69.39±7.56 (t=-21.309,P＜O.001).No prosthesis subsidence,prosthesis fracture and other complications occurred during the follow-up.Transparent lines around the upper part of the prosthesis were observed in 18 cases.All prosthesis-bone union was intact in the distal parts.Conclusion The segmental functional reconstruction with cementless rectangular SL-PLUS/SLR-PLUS stem prosthesis is a safe and reliable surgical procedure in patients with Paprosky Ⅱ or Ⅲ bone defects.

Objective To evaluate the effects of lung-protective ventilation on acute lung injury after liver transplantation.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 21-64 yr,with body mass index of 18-28 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ,scheduled for elective orthotopic liver transplantation,were divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:conventional mechanical ventilation group (group CMV) and lung-protective ventilation group (group LPV).In group LPV,the patients were mechanically ventilated (tidal volume 6-8 ml/kg,respiratory rate 10-15 breaths/min,positive end-expiratory pressure 3-10 cmH2 O),and lung recruitment mnaneuver was pertormed every 2 h.Before skin incision (T1),at 3 h of preanhepatic phase (T2),at 30 min of anhepatic phase (T3) and at 2 and 4 h of neohepatic phase (T4.5),bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and blood samples from the radial artery were simultaneously collected for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 concentrations in BALF and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.At 2 h after operation (T6),before tracheal extubation (T7) and at 2 days after operation (T8),blood samples from the radial artery were collected for blood gas analysis,and oxygenation index was calculated.The concentrations of serum Clara cell secretory protein 16,surfactant protein D and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products were determined at T1-T8 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The postoperative emergence time,extubation time,duration of intensive care unit stay and development of acute lung injury were recorded.Results Compared with group CMV,the cxtubation time was significantly shortened,serum concentrations of Clara cell secretory protein 16 at T2,T3,T6 and T7,serum surfactant protein D concentrations at T5 and serum concentrations of soluable receptor for advanced glycation endproducts at T5 and T6 were decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in tunor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 concentrations in serum and BALF at each time point or postoperative incidence of acute lung injury,oxygenation index,emergence time and duration of intensive care unit stay in group LPV (P＞0.05).Conclusion Although lung-protective ventilation dose not decrease the development of acute lung injury after liver transplantation,it attenuates lung tissue injury to some extent.