Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is a group of chronic nonspecific intestinal diseases characterized by a clinical relapsing-remitting behavior. The evaluation of disease activity is concerned by clinicians all the time. With the evolving in recognition of the pathogenesis of IBD,many novel biomarkers are emerging in recent years. This article reviewed advances in the accepted and ongoing research fecal markers of IBD.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the preparation process and the quality control standards for Jinhuanglidan Granules (JHLD). METHODS: Rheum Officinale, Rhizoma Coptis, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Scutellariae were identified by TLC. The content of berberine hydrochloride in the preparation was determined by TLCS. RESULTS: Rheum Officinale, Rhizoma Coptis, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Scutellariae could be identified by TLC. Berberine hydrochloride showed a good linearity in the range of 0 .05 985ug- 0. 29 925ug, r = 0. 9 996(n = 5). The average recovery was 99. 64%, RSD = 2. 54%. CONCLUSIO- N: This method is simple, accurate and specific. It can be used for the quality control of JHLD.

Objective To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of solute carrier family 22 member 4 (SLC22A4) and SLC22A5 genes with Crhon's disease (CD) in Chinese Han nationality. Methods SNPs in the entire coding region of SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 genes were screened by direct DNA sequencing in 80 CD patients and 80 healthy subjects, and statistical in Han population. Five SNPs were found in entire coding region (2 in SLC22A4 gene and 3 in distribution of the alleles and genotypes of SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 polymorphisms between CD patients and healthy controls. Conclusion There is no correlation of SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 with CD in Chinese Han nationality.

Objective To investigate the accumulation of mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in the displacement loop ( D-loop ) of mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) might be associated with cancer risk and disease outcome.Methods We obtained cancerous and noncancerous liver tissues from 49 HBV-related HCC patients at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University.mtDNA of the liver tissues was extracted with Mitochondrial DNA Extraction Kit.Mutation and polymorphism were confirmed by repeated analysis.We assessed the prediction power of D-loop SNPs in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) patients.Results No mutation in these HCC patients had prediction power for post-operational survival, whereas one SNP site ( nucleotide 150 C/T ) was identified by the log-rank test for statistically significant prediction of HCC survival.In an overall multivariate analysis, allele 150 was identified as an independent predictor of HCC outcome.The length of survival of patients with allele 150C was significantly shorter than that of patients with allele 150T (relative risk, 0.246;95% CI, 0.070–0.861; P=0.028).Conclusions The analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial D-loop helps to identify patient subgroups at high risk of a poor disease outcome.

BACKGROUND:Currently, X-ray examination is mainly used for diagnosis of nonunion. However, this method that relies only on the clinician’s experience and degree of calus mineralization has less accuracy because it is vulnerable to projection, processing conditions and subjective factors. OBJECTIVE:To establish an animal model of nonunion and to detect the variation of biochemical markers and bone mineral density. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, and bone defect and fracture models were made in the midshaft of the forearm radius, respectively. X-ray examination of the forearm, quantitative CT measurement of bone mineral density and serological test were carried out before and at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 weeks after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Postoperative X-ray films showed that the in the bone defect group, a little calus formed in three rabbits at 2 weeks, the calus formed stably at 5 weeks, but there was stil no healing at 8 weeks; in the fracture group, the fracture line was blurred at 2 weeks and a large number of caluses formed at 6-8 weeks. Compared with the fracture group, the value of bone mineral density in the bone defect group began to decrease significantly at 5 weeks after surgery. Results from the serological test showed that in the bone defect group, the activity of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase increased after surgery, reached peak at 4 weeks, began to decrease at 5 weeks and became stable at 6 weeks; the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b increased after surgery, peaked at 4 weeks, then decreased and stabilized basicaly; the expression of N-terminal telopeptide of type I colagen decreased significantly at 5 weeks after surgery and became stable at 6 weeks. These findings indicate that the systematic monitoring of changes in bone mineral density and biochemical indicators such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and type I colagen N-terminal telopeptides may help to reflect the early progress of rabbit nonunion.

Objective To discuss the indication for kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) on primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter.MethodsClinical data of 108 patients with primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter in our hospital from 2001 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 75 males and 33 females with mean age of 62 ( range from 42 to 85 ) years old in this study.The patients were divided into KSS group and RNU group according to the operation methods.The recurrence rate of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and KSS were evaluated.Results The recurrence was seen none with T,stage,1 (12.5％) with T1 stage,4 (36.4％) with T2 stage and 4 (80％) with T3 stage in KSS group.In RNU group,there was none with Ta stage,4 ( 15.4％ ) with T1 stage,10 (33.3％) with T2 stage and 7 (36.8％) with T3 stage recurred.There was no difference between patients with Ta to T2 stages in KSS and RNU group (P ＞0.05 ) on recurrence,but there was a significant difference between patients with T3 stage (P＜0.05).There was 1 (33.3％) case with G1 grade,3 (18.8％) with G2 grade and 5 (62.5％) with G3 grade recurred in KSS group,while 2 (22.2％) cases with G1 grade,9 (20％) with G2 grade and 10 (37.0％) with G3 grade recurred in RNU group.There was no difference between patients with G1 to G2 grades in KSS and RNU group (P＞0.05),but there was a significant difference between patients with G3 stage in the two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion KSS seems to be safe for patients with low stage and low grade primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the present situation of domestic and foreign metabolomics study,and to preliminarily discuss research hotspots and development rules. METHODS:By using bibliometric methods and GoPubMed literature analysis tool,usingMetabolomicsas subject,all literatures were retrieved from PubMed database up to Jul. 31,2016. Those literatures were ranked and analyzed in respects of publication amount,countries and cities,journal sources,research topics,core authors and authors collaborative networks. UsingMetabolomicsMetabonomicsas subjects,all literatures were retrieved from Web of Science database up to Aug. 1,2016. The literatures with high citation frequency were analyzed during 2007-2016 by using the sort-ing function of citation frequency. RESULTS:A total of 15449 domestic and foreign metabolomics literatures were retrieved. The researchers of 2189 literatures came from China,and the amount of published literatures showed a rising trend. 15449 literatures were distributed in 129 countries and regions;10 countries,such as the United States,China,Britain and Germany,were the core countries,and the total number of literatures issued was 12847(83.16%). The United States held the largest share of world publi-cations(4288 literatures,27.76%),and the following was China in order(2189 literatures,14.17%). The city with the largest amount of publications was London(467 literatures),followed by Shanghai,Beijing. A total of 2168 periodicals were involved, and there were 7.1 published literatures averagely. All of the top 20 periodicals were from the United States and European countries (4377 literatures,28.33%). The first 3 subjects with the highest frequency of occurrence were metabolomics,metabolome and me-tabolism;related researches mainly focused on metabolic processes,metabolic networks and pathways,biological markers,pro-teome and genome;main research methods included spectrum analysis and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Main 6 groups of au-thors were involved,mainly Nicholoson JK,Holmes E,Lindon J and other researchers. None of Chinese researchers had been found among the core authors and author groups. The literatures with high citation frequency mainly focused on the association of metabolism with disease,metabolomics database,metabolomics research methods and biological markers related to disease predic-tion. CONCLUSIONS:Metabolomics has aroused worldwide interest among researchers,and metabolic pathways and biological markers are the focuses in this field. Our researchers have published a large amount of literatures on metabolomics,but there are not high quality periodical carrier or enough cooperation between researchers. It is suggested to enhance the cooperation between various research institutions or grasp the frontier and hotspots of the research in this field so as to push forward the development di-versification and depth of metabolomics research in China.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for rapid,accurate and simultaneous determination of dexzopiclone,zolpidam and zaleplon in human plasma. METHODS:After the plasma sample was processed by liquid-liquid extraction,UPLC-MS/MS was established to detect plasma sample with carbamazepine as internal standard. The separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column with mobile phase composed of 0.1% ammonium solution-acetonitrile (gradient elution) at flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The column temperature was set at 40 ℃,and sample size was 5 μl. The detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) via electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode. The mass transition ion-pairs were as follows:m/z 308.2→263.1(zolpidem),m/z 389.3→245.0(dexzopiclone),m/z 306.2→236.1(zaleplon),m/z 237.3→151.2(internal standard). RE-SULTS:The linear range of zolpidem,dexzopiclone and zaleplon were 0.02-20.00,0.50-20.00,0.02-20.00 ng/ml,respectively (r=0.990 1,0.996 8,0.991 7). LLOQ of them were 0.02,0.50,0.02 ng/ml,and detection limit were 0.01,0.20,0.01 ng/ml. RS-Ds of intra-day and inter-day were all lower than 15% ;extraction recovery were 88.9% -106.5% ;matrix effect were 94.8%-106.3%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and specific,and it can be used for simultaneous deter-mination of zaleplon,zolpidem and dexzopiclone in human plasma.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of matrine,sophocarpine,emodin,rhein,chloro-genic acid,sarkosaponin a,aloe-emodin in Kuhuang injection.METHODS:UPLC-MS/MS was adopted. The determination was per-formed on Phenomenex Kenetix C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% formic acid(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 20 ℃,and injector temperature was set at 10 ℃. The equilibrium time was 4 min and sample size was 5 μL. Ionization mode was electrospray ionization with spray voltage of 5500 V and -4500 V,at-omizing air pressure of 4.14×105 Pa,heater pressure of 4.48×105 Pa,curtain air of 1.72×105 Pa and ion source temperature of 600 ℃. The work mode was multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS:The linear range were 1.25-80.0 ng/mL for matrine (r=0.9993),1.10-70.0 ng/mL for sophocarpine(r=0.9995),0.16-10.5 ng/mL for emodin(r=0.9993),2.61-168 ng/mL for rhe-in (r=0.9993),1.50-96.0 ng/mL for chlorogenic acid (r=0.9993),1.48-94.5 ng/mL for sarkosaponin a (r=0.9996) and 6.11-391 ng/mL for aloe-emodin(r=0.9991). The limits of quantification were 0.061,0.109,0.041,1.313,0.500,0.492,3.055 ng/mL,limits of detection were 0.025,0.054,0.016,0.656,0.150,0.148,1.528 ng/mL. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all no more than 3%. The recoveries of them were 95.45%-99.45%(RSD=1.43%,n=6),97.50%-101.00%(RSD=1.50%,n=6),95.67%-101.73%(RSD=2.85%,n=6),97.17%-100.57%(RSD=1.16%,n=6),95.19%-98.90%(RSD=1.71%, n=6),95.38%-103.85%(RSD=3.39%,n=6),95.50%-101.17%(RSD=1.20%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,effective,accurate,reliable and suitable for simultaneous determination for 7 components in Kuhuang injection.

AIM To observe the effects of Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid (Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata,Angelicae sinensis Radix,Psoraleae Fructus,etc.) on learning and memory function,hippocampus tissue pathological morphology,SOD activity and carbonyl protein content in SAMP8 mice.METHODS Twenty-seven SAMP8 mice were randomly and equally divided into model control group,donepezil hydrochloride group and Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid group.Another nine SAMR1 mice were selected as normal control group.Mice were given successive intragastric administration for 60 days.On the 56th day,the passive avoidance test was adopted,and the learning and memory capacities were determined after 5 d;The pathological morphology was observed by HE staining;ELISA assay was used to detect the activity of SOD and the content of carbonyl protein in brain tissue.RESULTS Compared with the model control group,the escape latency of mice in the Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid group was significantly prolonged,and the number of errors decreased significantly (P ＜0.01);the pathological morphology of hippocampus tissue was significantly improved;SOD activity increased significantly,and carbonyl protein content decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid can not only improve the learning and memory function of SAMP8 mice,but also reduce the degree of hippocampus tissue degenerative disease.