Objective To explore the effects of attributional styles, coping styles, irrational beliefs on the severity of depression. Mehtods A cohort of 74 major depressed patients was collected on admission and at discharge. The assessment included Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI) , Irrational Beliefs Scale (IBS) , Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ) , Attributional Style Questionnaire ( ASQ) was applied to depressed patients and 55 normal controls. For the results of statistical analysis, cognitive model of depression was framed. Results The results of statistical analysis showed that low frustration tolerance global evaluation, problem-solving, stable for the negative e-vents play a significant role, problem-solving and stable for the negative events had a direct effects on depression( β= 0.30, P < 0.01; β = - 0.68, P < 0.01 ). low frustration tolerance has a indirect effects. Conclusion problem-solving and stable for the negative events have a direct effects on depression, low frustration tolerance has a indirect effects.

Objective: To develop Attributional Style Questionnaire for Adolescents (ASQA) and explore the correlation between attributional style and mental health in adolescents. Method: ASQA was drawn up through referring to Peterson's method. 534 students were measured by ASQA, SSDA, SAS and MMOCI. Results: The goodness of fit indices of three-factor model in ASQA as follows: x2/df = 511.69/188, GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.89, NNFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.92. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.82. Spearman - Brown split - half reliability was 0.84. Stable and global variables entered the equations of depression, anxiety, obaession and compulsion in multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion:ASQA had good reliability and construct validity. Adolescents were in low level of mental health when they attributed negative events to stable and global causes.

Objective:To examine whether dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive bias change with fluctuations in depressive symptoms. Methods:122 patients with MDD (major depressive disorder) were assessed with DAS (dysfunctional attitude scale),CBQ (cognitive bias questionnaire) ,and HRSD (Hamilton rating scale for depression) before and after the 8-week treatment. 51 normal subjects were assessed with the DAS, CBQ and SDS as controls.Results:(1) Compared with normal controls, at the baseline MDD patients had significantly higher total DAS scores (158.2?34.6 vs. 119.3?23.4,t=8.559, P=0.000) and the score of CBQ (5.19?3.77 vs. 1.69?1.83, t=8.208, P=0.000). (2) After 8 weeks, the HRSD scores of patients reduced to Median 7.0, and the DAS and CBQ scores significantly lower than those in baseline (DAS total score from 158.2?34.6 to 143.3?29.3, t=3.611, P=0.000; the median of CBQ decreased from 5.0 to 3.0;z=4.670, P=0.000). (3) The DAS score (131.1?25.7) and CBQ score (median 3.0) of full recovery patients with full recovery remained higher than those of controls (t=2.397, P=0.018 ;z=3.990, P=0.000).Conclusion:Dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive bias were influenced by fluctuations in stata or demonstrateing stability over time. They were all state-trait features.

This paper introduces the automatic control system of leechdom management in hospital by computer.It can enhance the managerial level of the medicine and reduce the cost,so the managerial level in hospital can be raised through it.

Nano-TiO2 thin films were prepared by Radio frequency (RF) sputtering on pyrolytic carbon substrates. The influences of sputtering power on the structure and the surface morphology of TiO2 thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the TiO2 films change to anatase through the optimum of sputtering power. The mean diameter of nano-particle is about 30 nm. The anti-coagulant property of TiO2 thin films was observed through platelet adhesion in vitro. The result of experiment reveals the amount of thrombus on the TiO2 thin films being much less than that on the pyrolytic carbon. It also indicates that the RF sputtering Nano-sized TiO2 thin films will be a new kind of promising materials applied to artificial heart valve and endovascular stent.
Anticoagulants ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; Humans ; Membranes, Artificial ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; drug effects ; Radio Waves ; Titanium ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; X-Ray Diffraction ; methods

AIM: To explore the effect of vitrectomy combined with gas-liquid exchange on the treatment of posterior segment nonmagnetic foreign body and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)after operation.

METHODS: Totally 84 patients(86 eyes)were enrolled in this study. They were divided into observation group and control group, each group with 42 cases(43 eyes). The control group was treated with vitrectomy alone, and the observation group was treated with gas-liquid exchange combined with vitrectomy. The operation time, foreign body clearance rate, retinal recovery rate, BCVA level, macular central retinal thickness, and complications were compared between two groups.

RESULTS: The operation time and complication rate of the observation group were lower than those of the control group. The rate of foreign body clearance and retinal reattachment was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The BCVA and macular center retinal thickness were lower in the observation group than in the control group at each time point(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Gas-liquid exchange combined with vitrectomy for the treatment of non-magnetic foreign bodies in the posterior segment of the eye is effective, which can improve the postoperative visual acuity, the retinal edema and reduce surgical complications.

BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestation of senile depression is not typical. The patients with senile depression seldom visit in general hospital, which is hard for clinical doctors to identify the disease at early time.OBJECTIVE: To research the traits of Coping style and social support in the recovered senile depressive patients.DESIGN: Case-control observation.SETTING: Department of Psychology in North China Coal Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six senile depressive patients at convalescent stage were selected for depressive group in clinic service of Beijing Anding Hospital from November 2004 to October 2005. Inclusion criteria: ①Aged≥60 years old. ② Coded with depression with DSM-Ⅳ. ③ Being the period of recovery, geriatric depression scale(GDS)≤10. ④Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Exclusion criteria: ① Depression resulted from other factors for instance substance abuse and schizophrenia,etc. ②Serious and instable body disease such as cerebrovascular disease,liver and kidney disease, falling sickness, disease of internal secretion. Totally 104 questionnaires were sent out, and 96 were qualified. 37 were male and 59 were female in the depressive group, aged 60-87 years old,with average of (68±6)years. The course of disease was 0.3-11 years, with mean of 2 years. The elderly from ordinary community of Beijing were invited for control group. Inclusion criteria: ①Aged ≥ 60 years old; ② No mental disease. ③ Informed consent was obtained from each participant.Exclusion criteria: The same to the depressive group. There are 100 participants in the control group, 44 were male and 56 were female, aged 60 to 84 years old, with average (67±5) years old. There were no significant differences between depressive group and control group in gender, age, education, living conditions and marriage status.METHODS: 96 senile depressive patients at convalescent stage and 100healthy aged were investigated with self-made questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The scores of the self-made questionnaire, GDS, SSRS and SCSQ answered by participants in each group.RESULTS: All the 196 participants entered the result analysis. There was not disqualified questionnaire. There were significantly lower scores of positive coping style and higher scores of negative coping style in the depressive group than the control group(P ＜ 0.05 ). There was lower score of social support, subjective social support and use of social support in the depressive group than the control group (P ＜ 0.05). The scores of objective social support was not significantly different in each group. There was remarkable positive correlation between active coping style and score of social support, subjective social support and use of social support in recovered senile depressive group (P ＜ 0.01). Passive coping style was negatively correlated with score of social support, subjective social support and use of social support(P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Subjective social support and use of social support and negative coping style are the major risk factor in the onset of senile depression.

【Objective】A full exome sequencing of an early-onset family Alzheimer′s disease (EOFAD) was conduct? ed to identify the mutational sites which may cause diseases. The result of the current study may provide suggestion to genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.【Methods】Whole exome sequencing was performed on the family members and software PolyPhen-2 as well as SIFT was employed for hazard prediction (Prediction on functional effects of the missense mutation).【Results】The heterozygous mutation c.758A>G (p.Tyr253Cys) in exon 9 of TTC3 gene had been identified in proband whose mother had been proved with heterozygous mutation c.758A>G. According to the family separation and related bioinformatics analysis, the mutant gene was a possible pathogenic mutation. 【Conclusion】 A new mutation was found of c.758A>G in TTC3 gene within a Chinese EOFAD family and a new mutation to the spectrum of genetic mutation in EOFAD was expanded. The finding provides a significant groundwork for future exploration on the mechanisms underlying EOFAD.

ObjectiveTo explore the change of renal cortical perfusion in rabbits by microbubbles-enhanced ultrasound cavitation.MethodsTotally 20 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, 5 rabbits in each group. SonoVue was injected via the ear vein at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg. The renal perfusion imaging 30 s modeling was made. Under the mode of contrast enhancement, the rabbit kidneys irradiated with different mechanical indexs (MI) were 0.6 (MI 0.6 group) , 0.75 (MI 0.75 group) , 1.1 (MI 1.1 group) and 1.3 (MI 1.3 group) for 60 s, 15 min respectively. After the irradiation and conventional ultrasound contrast was made again, the renal perfusion imaging was mad. The time-intensity curves (TIC) were analyzed obtained from the following parameters: the slope rate of ascending curve (A) , the slope rate of descending curve (α) , area under the curve (AUC) , time to peak (TTP) , and derived peak intensity (DPI) . One-way ANOVA and LSD-t were used to analyze all experimental data.ResultsCompared with the MI 0.6 group, the MI 1.1 group and the MI1.3 group, the A, α were less than MI 0.6 group, the AUC, DPI, TTP were greater than MI 0.6 group, and the differences were statistically signiifcant (MI 1.1 groupvs MI 0.6 group:t=3.13, 5.31, 4.25, 4.53, 5.72, allP<0.05; MI 1.3 groupvs MI 0.6 group:t=3.67, 6.23, 4.47, 5.48, 6.86, allP<0.05). Compared with the MI 0.75 group, the MI 1.1 group and the MI 1.3 group, the α were less than MI 0.75 group, the AUC, DPI, TTP were greater than MI 0.75 group, and the differences were statistically signiifcant (MI 1.1 groupvs MI 0.75 group:t=6.02, 4.36, 4.85, 5.83, allP<0.05; MI 1.3 groupvs MI 0.75 group:t=6.19, 4.51, 5.73, 6.97, allP<0.05); the MI 1.1 group and the MI 1.3 group, the A were less than MI 0.75 group, and the difference were not statistically signiifcant. The MI 1.1 group and the MI 1.3 group, the MI 0.6 and the MI 0.75 group, and the difference were not statistically signiifcant.ConclusionsTo the change of hemodynamic of the rabbits renal cortical perfusion in the microbubbles-enhanced ultrasound cavitation contrast agent can be observed. Along with the mechanical index increased renal cortical perfusion flow stasis and the perfusion on of slowed in rabbit, may cause renal damage, the TIC curve displayed further changes.

Objective To evaluate the suitability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),and analyze the domestic application status of CBT techniques for OCD and lay a foundation of standard CBT in China.Methods Delphi method was adopted to evaluate 30 CBT techniques on four dimensions,including operability,frequency,contribution of treatment and acceptability,and calculated the final scores of all techniques on different dimension and their comprehensive rank.Results After two rounds of experts consulting,Kendall coefficients of four dimensions were 0.249,0.269,0.234,0.250 (P＜0.01),coefficient of variation ranged from 0.05 to 0.31 of each technology on different dimension.The operability score of thought stopping,cost-benefit analysis and pie chart belonged to general suitability.The frequency and treatment contribution score of thought stopping and pie chart belonged to occasional use and small.The acceptation score of socratic question,thought stopping,in vivo exposure and behavior prevention belonged to partial acceptation.Weight coefficients of four dimensions were 0.26,0.18,0.27,0.29 and techniques ranking in the top three were information collection and evaluation,therapeutic alliance foundation and psychological education.Conclusion Most CBT techniques for OCD are suitable in China but some techniques still need to be improved.