Objective To elucidate the mechanism of accelerated apoptosis of monocytes in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods 17 LN patients were enrolled in the study and 15 healthy volunteers were selected as controls. The expression of Faa and Fas ligand (FasL) was examined by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometer analysis. The apoptosis and survival rate of monocytes cultured in vitro with human FasL (rHu-FasL) was analyzed by flow cytometer analysis and 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining, respectively. Results Faa expression on monocytes was significantly higher in LN patients than that in healthy subjects. There was no difference of monocytes Fas expression between active LN patients and silent LN patients. There was no detectable FasL expression on monocytes from both LN patients and healthy controls. When monocytes cultured in vitro with rHu-FasL, there was a significantly increasing apoptosis and a decreasing survival rate of monocytes in LN patients as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion The up-regulated expression of functional Fas on monocytes may contribute to the accelerated apoptosis of monocytes in LN patients.

Objective To discuss the predictable factors for the occurrence of intraoperative aneurysm rupture(IAR) of anterior circulation aneurysm treated by clipping.Methods The clinical data of 96 patients with 115 aneurysms treated by clipping were retrospectively analyzed.The univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors of IAR such as history of hypertension,pre-operative Hunt-Hess scale,aneurysm location,aneurysm sac,aneurysm dome/neck ratio,aneurysm direction,and operation time.Results Twenty-one patients occurred IAR [18.3 ％ (21/115) of aneurysms,21.9％ (21/96) of patients] during the operation,2 patients died and 94 patients were estimated by Rank scale:0 score was for 66 patients,2 scores was for 10 patients,3 scores was for 6 patients,4 scores was for 4 patients,5 scores was for 6 patients and 6 scores was for 2 patients at 6 months after surgery.Statistic analysis revealed that history of hypertension (P =0.037),pre-operative Hunt-Hess scale (P =0.040),aneurysm direction (P =0.009),aneurysm sac (P =0.010),operation time (P =0.001) and aneurysm dome/neck ratio (P =0.029) were the predictable factors for the occurrence of IAR,while aneurysm location was not included (P =0.198).Conclusion The history of hypertension,pre-operative Hunt-Hess scale,aneurysm direction,aneurysm sac,operation time and aneurysm dome/neck ratio 1.78-2.89 are the predictable factors for the occurrence of IAR and the combination of various factors lead to the occurrence of IAR.