Objective To investigate the change of the cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease(PD) with cognitive impairment.Methods Fifty patients with PD and twenty normal controls were enrolled in this study.Based on MMSE score,the PD patients were divided into PD-NC(n=25) and the PDD(n=25) group.Twenty age-and sex-matched physical health examinationer were colleted as control group.Using the SPM to analyze the characteristics of the metabolism in different cognitive level io PD patients.Results (1) Compared with control group,P D-NC group showed significant hypermetabolism in occipital (-24,-92,10),parietal (-48,12,-16) and temporal lobe(52,8,-32).(2)Compared with control group,the glucose metabolism of PDD group decreased in most cerebral cortex and subcortex.(3)Compared with PD-NC group,the metabolism of parietal lobe (-42,-48,40),occipital lobe (-22,-96,-6) and tetnporal lobe (-42,-58,16) reduced in PDD group.Conclusion Cortical brain metabolism decreases in PD-NC group.The degree and scope of glucose metabolism of PDD group will increase with the progress of cognitive dysfunction.These features could help with the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of management of kidney calculi in non-uronephrosis by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) under ultrasound guidance. Methods From July 2005 to June 2008, 97 cases of kidney calculi in non-uronephrosis were performed by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. A tube was first inserted into the pelvis through cystoscope, and saline was instilled to dilate collecting system. Antegrade percutaneous access was obtained under ultrasound guidance. A combination of pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite was used to disintegrate and remove stone under direct vision. Clinical data including operation time, complications and stone free rate were analyzed retrospectively. Results The perutaneous renal access was successfully established under ultrasound guidance in all patients, immediate phase Ⅰ lithotripsy was performed in 95 cases and delayed phase Ⅱ lithotripsy in 2 cases. Operation time was 70-180 min, average time was (96±23 ) min. The average blood loss was 60 ml (20-500 ml), 4 cases had transfusion during the PCNL and average 400 ml. Minor pyrexia ( < 39℃) was seen in 24 cases,whereas serious pyrexia was noted in 3 cases. Conservatively administered with appropriate antibiotics, the fever disapeared in 27 cases within 5 days postoperatively. Severe complications did not occur during nephrolithotripsy. Stones were cleared completely in 78 out of 97 cases (80.4%)during immediate phase Ⅰ lithotripsy, residual stone fragment was found in 19 cases. Conclusion The management of kidney calculi in non-uronephrosis by PCNL appears to be efficacious and safe under ultrasound guidance.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) in PD patients with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) using 18F-FDG PET/CT,and to analyze the correlation between the progress of PD-CI and CGM changes.Methods A total of 31 idiopathic PD patients (14 males,17 females,aged 37-77 years) from May 2013 to February 2014 were divided into 3 groups based on Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA):none CI in PD (PD-NC) group (MOCA＞26 scores),mild CI in PD (PD-MCI) group (MOCA 21-26 scores),PD with dementia (PDD) group (MOCA＜21 scores).The normal controls (NC) group included 12 age-and gender-matched healthy adults (7 males,5 females,aged 40-76 years).All subjects underwent PET/CT imaging after intravenous injection of 18F-FDG(5.55 MBq/kg).MIMneuro software was used to analyze the data.The correlation between the CGM and cognitive function was analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis.Results (1) Compared with NC group,PDD group presented a widespread cortical metabolism decrease in frontal,parietal,temporal,occipital 19bes and the limbic lobe;PD-MCI group showed hypometabolic areas in the parietal and occipital lobes,and with less extent in the frontal and temporal lobes;PD-NC group showed no significant cerebral hypometabolism.(2) Compared with PD-NC group,PDD group showed widespread cortical metabolism decrease in occipital lobe,temporal lobe,partial parietal cortex and the posterior cingulated cortex.Compared with PD-MCI group,PDD group had lower metabolism,mainly in posterior brain areas (parietal,occipital and temporal lobes).Compared with PD-NC group,PD-MCI group showed hypometabolism in right supramarginal gyrus and the left parahippocampal gyrus.(3) There were positive correlations between visuospatiaL/executive function and visual cortex metabolism,angular gyrus metabolism or superior parietal lobule metabolism (r =0.535,0.443,0.395;all P＜0.05).A positive correlation was also found between delayed memory and heschl's gyrus metabolism (r=0.337,P＜0.05).Conclusions The cerebral glucose metabolism detected with 18F-FDG PET/CT is well correlated with MOCA assessments.Thus it may be helpful in evaluation of the progress of cognitive impairments in PD.

Objective To explore the MRI characteristics of anatomy and injuries of the tendons and ligaments in the midfoot.Methods Twenty healthy volunteers and 46 patients with midfoot trauma were selected for retrospective analysis.All subjects underwent examination on MR T1WI and proton density-fat suppression(PD FS)scans on three planes,respectively.Then the MRI features of tendon and ligaments injury were compared.Results The tendons and ligaments of 20 healthy volunteers(40 lateral feet)showed homogeneous low signal intensity with varing thickness.The anterior tibialis tendons showed a thin linear shape,and the posterior tibialis tendons showed a slightly thick band with uniform low signal intensity,and the calcaneonavicular ligament showed thin linelike low signal in different directions.In the 46 patients with midfoot injuries,there were 16 cases of anterior tibialis tendons injuries,18 cases of posterior tibialis tendons injuries,and 12 cases of calcaneonavicular ligament injuries.According to the MRI findings,the degree of injuries of tendons and ligaments was divided into injury,partial tear,and complete rupture.Conclusion MRI can clearly show the anatomy and injury features of ligaments and tendons in midfoot,which is of important value for the early diagnosis and accurate treatment of the ligaments and tendons injuries.

BACKGROUNDHemifacial spasm (HFS) is a facial nerve disorder characterized by episodic involuntary ipsilateral facial muscle contraction. Information on Chinese patients with HFS has not been well-characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feature and the treatment status of HFS across China.

METHODSA cross-sectional study including 1003 primary HFS patients had been carried out in 15 movement disorder clinics in China in 2012. The investigated information was acquired from questionnaires and medical records including demographic data, site of onset, aggravating and relieving factors, treatments prior to the investigation, etc.

RESULTSIn this study, the ratio of male to female was 1.0:1.8, the mean age at onset was (46.6 ± 11.5) years. About 1.0% patients were bilaterally affected. The most often site of initial onset was the orbicularis oculi muscle. The most often affected sites were orbicularis oculi, zygomatic, and orbicularis oris muscles. Stress/anxiety and relaxation were most often aggravating and relieving factors, respectively; 2.3% patients had family history, 28.4% cases were combined with hypertension, and 1.4% patients were with trigeminal neuralgia. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection was the most commonly used treatment, followed by acupuncture and oral medication. BTX-A maintained the highest repeat treatment ratio (68.7%), while 98.4% patients gave up acupuncture. The mean latency of BTX-A effect was (5.0 ± 4.7) days, the mean total duration of the effect was (19.5 ± 11.7) weeks, and 95.9% patients developed improvements no worse than moderate in both severity and function. The most common side effect was droopy mouth.

CONCLUSIONSThe onset age of HFS in China is earlier than that in western countries. The most often used two treatments are BTX-A injection and acupuncture, while the latter kept the poor repeat treatment ratio because of dissatisfactory therapeutic effect.

Adult ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; therapeutic use ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hemifacial Spasm ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Agents ; therapeutic use