OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) since several outbreaks of HFMD caused by enteroviruses were documented in China between 2007 and 2008.

METHODSHFMD cases reported to the National Infectious Disease Information Management System database between May 2008 and April 2009 were assessed. Clinical features in some of the severe and fatal cases were analyzed the etiology of the outbreaks was investigated.

RESULTS89.1% of reported HFMD cases were found in children<5 year-old with an age-specific incidence rate of 834.1/100 000 in the first year as the notifiable disease in China from May 2008 to April 2009. The incidence, mortality and percentage of severe cases were studied for three regions of China and found to be highest in the central region. The incidence of severe cases and mortality in rural population were significantly higher than those in urban population. Among the laboratory confirmed EV17 positive cases there were 52.6% mild, 83.5% severe, and 96.1% fatal cases. More myoclonic jerks were found in the severe case group than in group that died. Tachypnea, lip purpling, pink foaming and low limb temperature occurred more frequently in the fatal cases than in the severe cases.

CONCLUSIONThe epidemic of HFMD in China was characterized predominantly by EV71 infections, had relatively high mortality rates especially in the central region, and was most prevalent in young, rural populations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To establish a prediction model for geriatric frailty syndrome(GFS)in elder-ly patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)after treatment.Methods Clinical data of 156 elderly AIS patients admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were collected and ret-rospectively analyzed.According to occurrence of GFS or not,they were divided into GFS group(n=57)and control group(n=99).The differences of clinical features were recorded and com-pared between the two groups of elderly AIS patients.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for GFS in the elderly AIS patients.And a prediction model for GFS was constructed.Results Larger proportions of aged ≥80 years,diabetes,massive cerebral infarction and dysphagia were observed in the GFS group than the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged ≥80 years(OR=2.890,95％CI:1.306-6.395,P=0.009),diabetes(OR=4.892,95％CI:2.172-11.018,P=0.000),massive cere-bral infarction(OR=3.363,95％CI:1.418-7.977,P=0.006)and dysphagia(OR=2.772,95％CI:1.123-6.844,P=0.027)were independent risk factors for GFS in the elderly AIS patients after treatment.A nomogram prediction model was constructed.Then the dataset was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a ratio of 7∶3.The AUC value was 0.840(95％CI:0.754-0.927)in the training set,and 0.676(95％CI:0.518-0.833)in the validation set.Hos-mer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test indicated that when the model was subjected to the valida-tion set,a Chi-square value of 14.394 and a P value of 0.072 were obtained.Conclusion Our no-mogram prediction model has good value in predicting the occurrence of GFS in elderly AIS pa-tients after treatment.

BACKGROUNDCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been shown to be associated with systemic inflammatory response leading to postoperative organ dysfunction. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and developing protective strategies for the pathophysiological consequences of CPB have been hampered due to the absence of a satisfactory recovery animal model. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel, minimally invasive rat model of normothermic CPB model without blood priming.

METHODSTwenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 450-560 g were randomly divided into CPB group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). All rats were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated. The carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated. The blood was drained from the right atrium via the right jugular and further transferred by a miniaturized roller pump to a hollow fiber oxygenator and back to the rat via the left carotid artery. The volume of the priming solution, composed of 6% HES 130/0.4 and 125 IU heparin, was less than 12 ml. The surface of the hollow fiber oxygenator was 0.075 m(2). CPB was conducted for 60 minutes at a flow rat of 100-120 ml × kg (-1)× min(-1) in CPB group. Oxygen flow/perfusion flow was 0.8 to 1.0, and the mean arterial pressure remained 60-80 mmHg.

RESULTSAll CPB processes were successfully achieved. Blood gas analysis and hemodynamic parameters of each time point were in accordance with normal ranges. The vital signs of all rats were stable.

CONCLUSIONSThe establishment of CPB without blood priming in rats can be achieved successfully. The nontransthoracic model should facilitate the investigation of pathophysiological processes concerning CPB-related multiple organ dysfunction and possible protective interventions. This novel, recovery, and reproducible minimally invasive CPB model may open the field for various studies on the pathophysiological process of CPB and systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo.

Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; methods ; Lung Injury ; surgery ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley