Objective To evaluate the role of spinal nicotinamide-adenine dinucletide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain (NP) in rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 200-250 g,were divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),NP group and NADPH oxidase inhibitor group (NI group).The left sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated in group S.The left sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread to establish the NP model in group NP.In group NI,the NP model was established at 3 days after intrathecal catheterization,and NADPH oxidase inhibitor 5 μg/10 μ1 was injected intrathecally once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 30 min before operation.The mechanical paw withdraw threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before operation and 1,3,5 and 7 days after operation.The rats were sacrificed at 8 days after operation,and the spinal cord was removed for determination of NeuN positive cells (by immuno-histochemistry) and expression of NADPH oxidase (by Western blot).Results Compared with group S,the MWT at each time point after operation and ratio of NeuN positive cells at 8 days after operation were significantly decreased in NP and NI groups,the expression of NADPH oxidase was upregulated in group NP,and the expression of NADPH oxidase was down-regulated in group NI (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT at each time point after operation and ratio of NeuN positive cells at 8 days after operation were significantly increased,and the expression of NADPH oxidase was down-regulated in group NI (P＜0.05).Conclusion Up-regulated expression of spinal NADPH oxidase is involved in the development and maintenance of NP in rats.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of velvet antler polypeptides(VAP)on hydrogen peroxide( H2 O2 )-induced injury in vascular endothelial cells and the possible mechanism.METHODS The EVC-304 cells cultured invitrowere incubated with H2 O2 for another 12 h after pretreat-ment with VAP 20,40 and 80 mg·L-1 for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, Hoechst333258 staining was used to observe cell morphology,the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and the level of malondialdehyde( MDA)were detected with kits and the expression of heat shock protein(HSP70)and caspase 3 was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group,the cell survival rate was decreased significantly in H2 O2 injury group( P ﹤0.01),cell shrinkage,chromatin condensation,and nuclear fragmentation were seen,the intracellular SOD activity decreased while MDA content increased(P﹤0.01),and caspase 3 and HSP70 expression increased(P﹤0.01). Compared with H2 O2 group,the cell survival rate in VAP 20,40 and 80 mg·L-1 pre-treatment groups increased significantly(P﹤0.01),the apoptosis ratio declined from(25.3±1.0)% to (15.2±1.2)%,(10.3±0.9)% and(7.9±1.4)%(P﹤0.01),the SOD activity increased to 19.2±0.5,22.3± 1.7 and(24.9±0.6)kU·g-1 protein(P﹤0.01),MDA concentration decreased to 1.51±0.2,1.48±0.3 and (1.02±0.1)μmol·g-1 protein(P﹤0.01),and the expression of caspase 3 and HSP70 declined significant-ly(P﹤0.01). CONCLUSION VAP has exert protective effect on H2 O2-induced injury in vascular endothe-lial cells. The possible mechanism might be related to improvement of intracellular oxidative stress level.

Objective To compare the effect of anesthesia management between enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol and traditional protocol on stress level of thyroid surgery.Methods Sixty-two patients receiving thyroid surgery from May 2016 to August 2016, 13 males and 49 females, aged 18-65 years, of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into group ERAS (n=29) and traditional group (group C, n=33).Each group had its own anesthesia management protocol.Operation method, operation duration, the level of pain during emergence and on the first postoperative day, the occurrence rate of complications and the satisfaction evaluation of pain and nausea and vomiting after the operation day were recorded.C-reactive protein (CRP), serum cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) before and after the operation day were evaluated.Results The visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score in group ERAS was lower than that in group C during emergence [(0.42±0.83) points vs (0.95±1.16) points]and on the first postoperative day [(1.90±1.21) points vs (2.73±1.40) points] (P<0.05).Group ERAS was more satisfied with pain relief at first day after the surgery than that of group C (P<0.05).The level of CRP in group ERAS was lower than that in group C on the operative day and the first postoperative day (P<0.05).In group C, the level of CRP on the operative day and the first postoperative day were much higher than those before the surgery (P<0.05).The occurrence rate of complications between the two groups had no statistical difference.Conclusion The perioperative ERAS anesthesia management of thyroid surgery is safe and effective in pain management, patient satisfaction and accelerated recovery.

Objective To investigate the gender differences of anal rectal function and depression and/or anxiety in elderly patients with functional constipation (FC).Methods Twenty-seven elder female FC patients (elder female patients group),20 elder male FC patients (elder male FC patients group),28 elder healthy female (elder healthy female group) and 24 elder healthy male (elder healthy male group) were selected.The gender differences and correlation of anal rectal function and psychological factors were compared in elderly patients and control group,by using anorectal manometry and psychological testing methods.Results Compared with elder healthy female group,maximum squeeze pressure (MSP),anorectal pressure decreased in elder healthy male group(P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01),anal canal overpressure,first sensation volume(FSV),defecating sensation volume(DSV),maximum tolerable volume(MTV) increased in elder female patients group (P＜ 0.01).Compared with elder male healthy group,anal canal excess pressure increased,anorectal pressure decreased (P＜ 0.05),and FSV,DSV,MTV increased in elder male patients group (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).MSP,rectum systolic pressure,anorectal pressure in elder female patients group was lower than that in elder male patients group (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01),rectal tube excess pressure and rectal sensation threshold was higher than that in elder male patients group,but there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).RRP,rectum systolic pressure,anorectal pressure in elder female healthy group was lower than that in elder male healthy group (P ＜ 0.01).FSV was higher than that in elder male healthy group (P ＜ 0.01).SAS score and SDS score was higher in elder female patients group was higher than that in elder female healthy group (P＜ 0.01),SAS score and SDS score was higher in elder male patients group was higher than that in elder male healthy group(P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).SAS score was negatively correlated with MSP,rectum systolic pressure,anorectal pressure(P ＜ 0.01),was positively correlated with FSV(P ＜ 0.05).SDS score was negatively correlated with anorectal pressure (P ＜ 0.01),was positively correlated with FSV,DSV,MTV (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Anorectal dys function and psychological factors are involved in the elderly FC pathogenesy,and the two are related.Elderly female patients exist more severe anxiety and anorectal motility disorders than male patients.

Objective To investigate the effete of chitosan on rabbit carotid artery internal jugular vein fistula intimal hyperplasia and its regulation on TLR4/NF-κB signaling.Methods A total of 28 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the control group(n=4),the model group(n=12) and the chitosan group(n=12).Model group and chitosan group rabbits were established respectively carotid artery internal jugular vein fistula models.After AVF surgery,chitosan was smeared on venous blood vessels and anastomosis.After 4,6 and 8 weeks,the rabbits were separately sacrificed and the AVF venous vascular tissues were taken.The pathological changes of AVF venous vascular tissue in each group were observed.The changes of α-SMA were detected by immunohistochemistry method.The mRNA expressions of PCNA and TLR4 in the tissues were measured by Real-time PCR.At the same time,the protein expressions of PCNA,TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB were detected by Western blotting.The experimental data were processed by two-factor analysis of variance in statistics.Results (1) After 4 weeks,vascular intimal was thicked in mdel group.In intimal hyperplasia,α-SMA was staining,and then proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell was significant.As time increasing,more intimal hyperplasia shown obviously,the expression of α-SMA significantly increased.Compared with model group,chitosan group significantly reduced the degree of intimal hyperplasia,the level of α-SMA was significantly decreased,vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation was also extraordinarily decreased.(2) Compared with control group,the expression levels of PCNA,TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB increased with time.The indices of Chitosan group were markedly higher than control group,but significantly lower than model groups.Conclusion Chitosan can inhibit the proliferation of rabbit VSMCs.The mechanism may be concerned in down regulating TLR4-mediated signaling pathway,reducing the possibility of intimal hyperplasia of rabbit AVF venous blood vessels.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and relationship of cognitive function and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF)in childhood and adolescence-first-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).Methods Twenty-four childhood and adolescence-first-onset OCD patients (patient group) and thirty-three age/gender/education-matched healthy controls (healthy control group) were enrolled in this study.The participants' cognitive function was tested with trail making test (TMT),symbol coding,Hopkins verbal learning test-revised (HVLT-R),brief visuospatial memory test-revised (BVMT-R),verbal fluency test (VF),digital span test,maze test and Stroop test.Then a resting-state fMRI scan was conducted for each participant.Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation approach was used to explore the differences of resting-state brain function between patients and controls,and analyze the significant brain regions by adopting t test.The cognitive functions of patients and healthy control group in the significant brain regions were compared by using Pearson correlation analysis.Results The patient group had lower scores than healthy control group in symbol coding,BVMT-R and digital span test,and the differences were statistically significant [(45.24 ± 10.32)scores vs.(56.85 ± 9.57) scores,(21.94 ± 6.99) scores vs.(30.58 ± 3.92) scores,(64.06 ± 20.00) scores vs.(78.03 ±18.08) scores;t =3.96,4.90,2.50;all P ＜ 0.05].Corrected by Alphasim,patient group showed significantly increased ALFF in the left and fight temporal lobe,left and fight posterior lobe of cerebellum,right middle temporal gyrus,but ALFF decreased in the area of left and right lenticula,left putamen compared with the healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The patients group showed that TMT scores were positively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right temporal lobe (r =0.67),and color scores were positively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right middle temporal gyrus (r =0.53),but colour scores were negatively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right tcmporal lobe (r =-0.54);the healthy control group showed that BVMT-R and digital span test scores were positively correlated with the value of ALFF in the left temporal lobe (r =0.47,0.41),but digital span test scores were negatively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right temporal lobe (r =-0.49),and colour scores were negatively correlated with the value of ALFF in the left temporal lobe (r =-0.35),while word and color-word scores were negatively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right middle temporal gyrus (r =-0.39,-0.36);the correlation coefficient above had statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The childhood and adolescence-first-onset OCD patients had cognitive impairment,including speed of processing,visual learning and memory,working memory;and the patients showed abnormal spontaneous neural activity at some brain regions.The cognitive dysfunction may be associated with abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity in childhood and adolescence-first-onset OCD.

Objective To summarize clinical features of local and regional failure of salivary gland carcinoma treating by 125I seed,and evaluate the clinical and histologic risk factors for its development.Methods Patients with salivary gland carcinoma treated by 125I seeds between Oct 2001 and Aug 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.The risk factors were analyzed statistically,including age,gender,tumor site,TNM stage,histological differentiation,radiotherapy,treatment,matched peripheral dose and primary or recurrent tumor.Results Ninety-four of 449 patients with salivary gland carcinoma treated by 125I seeds developed local and/or regional area recurrence.Of these,six patients failed in both local and regional area,77 patients failed in local area and eleven patients failed in regional area.The local and regional failure rate was 20.9％.The result of multivariate analysis showed that surgery,radiotherapy and matched peripheral dose were the protective factors(OR =0.458,0.297,0.982,P ＜ 0.05),while age and TNM stage were the risk factors(OR =1.250,1.483,P ＜ O.05).Conclusions The local and regional failure rate was 20.9％.Surgery,radiotherapy and matched peripheral dose were the protective factors;age and TNM stage were the risk factors.

The accepted and supported items of National Natural Science Foundation related to biomarker research in laboratory medicine during 2010 to 2014 were summarized. The grants were categorized according to the biochemistry property of biomarkers and disease type .The features in the past 5 years were analyzed and the issues worth noticing for further research were also pointed out .

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of quantitative contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) for crush injury in the hind limb muscle of rabbits .Methods A totle of 120 New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to receive compression on the left hind limb for either 2 h( n =56) or 4 h( n = 56) to induce muscle crush injury ,another 8 animals were not injured and served as normal controls .CEUS parameters such as peak intensity(PI) ,area under curve(AUC) ,ascending slop(AS) and descending slop(DS) were measured at 0 5. h ,2 h ,6 h ,24 h ,3 d ,7 d ,14 d after decompression .Results Compared with the uninjured muscle ,reperfusion of the injured muscles showed early and high enhancement in CEUS .The time‐intensity curve showed a trend of rapid lift and gradual drop .The PI and AUC values differed significantly among the three groups and were positively correlated with serum and tissue biomarkers .Rabbits of the 4 h compression group showed significantly higher PI and AUC values compared with the 2 h compression group at each time points .Conclusions CEUS can effectively detect muscle crush injury and monitor dynamic changes of the injured muscle in rabbits .PI and AUC are promising diagnostic parameters for this disease .CEUS might play an important role in the pre‐hospital and bedside settings for the diagnosis of muscle crush injury .

OBJECTIVE:To know about the hot point and development tendency of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the nearest 20 years and provide reference for the further study. METHODS:Totally 5 000 papers of cited top 1% with the“TCM”themes in CNKI from 1994 to 2013 were collected. With the indicators of cited times and download times,Excel software analysis function,the CiteSpace citation analysis function and bibliometrics were adopted to statistically analyze the research field,main items,chemical constituents,pharmacological activities,published journals,personnel and units,etc. RESULTS:The papers about TCM research quantity in CNKI were increased exponentially in last 20 years,and might enter the platform period hence-forth;totally 15 main research fields,50 TCM and 60 chemical components/portions with strong activity and development prospect were highly noticed and cited;the study of pharmacological activities was the core and the most active area of TCM research,and mainly related to the major diseases and diseases with TCM advantages;totally 60 papers for highly cited were greater than 500 times,devoting 58.8%highly cited papers;40 authors and units screened from annually top 50 cited papers had wider academic in-fluence. CONCLUSIONS:Analyzing the hot point and development tendency of TCM research in the nearest 20 years based on the CNKI highly cited papers can accurately grasp the industry focus,thereby provide a certain reference and data support for tradition-al Chinese medicine research.