Objective To evaluate the characteristics of remodeling of Achillis tendon under different training methods, including the functional and structural changes in its insertion, and to extend these experimental findings to improve strategies of prevention of military training injuries. Methods With a special equipment to provoke running and jumping, adult rabbits were trained under different loads and the length of time, then the Achillis tendons were harvested. The tendons and their attachment were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as analyzed biomechanically. Results The findings showed that the structure of tendon became weak at the fourth week of excessive exercise, as evidenced by changes in micro-structures. Conclusion Excessive load is the major cause of enthesiopathy of the Achillis tendon, and training in cycles may have positive effects in prevention of the pathology.

In August 2001, Chinese military released the "Diagnostic criteria, principles of principles of prophylaxis and treatment of military training injuries" for implementation in the armed forces for the first time in history. The "Criteria" standardizes the definitions of military training injuries, categorizes the various injuries with specific diagnostic criteria, and specifies the principles of their prevention and treatment. This paper gives a brief account of the main contents of the "Criteria", and reiterates the basis of designation of precuresor symptoms of various injuries which occur during military training. The paper points out that the army officers should revise the training plan in regard to its contents, duration and intensity timely, if the additive ratio of limb pain and joint swelling reaches 20% and 10%, respectively, during the 3rd-4th training week. During the period of implementation, the "Criteria" has shown to be practical and easy to operate. It has not only provided standardized technical bases for the case reports, stastistics, clinical investigations, and popularization of technics, but also provided a reliable and comparable theoretical foundation to the officers to formulate training protocols. Furthermore, because of the application of the principles of prevention and treatment of injuries during training as documented in the text, as well as psychological education has been emphasized, the incidence of military training injury has been lowered markedly. Through epidemiological study in 10 different army groups, it has been shown that the yearly add up ratios have been lowered from 30%-45% to below 10%.

Objective To investigate the tissue distribution character of cinobufagin in in vivo in rats,in order to provide some references for rational drug use in the clinic.Methods Two kinds of solutions of cinobufagin were given to rats(0.5 and 1 mg/kg) by sublingual iv injection.The cinobufagin concentration in rat tissues corresponding to different time-point was determinated by HPLC.The biological samples of the different tissuses were performed by liquid-liquid extraction method.Results Cinobufagin distributed rapidly to tissue after sublingual iv injection.At 30 min cinobufagin in eight tissues except fat was detected.At 60 min the concentration in a majority of tissue achieved the peak value and liver′s was tiptop.When the concentration of cinobufagin increased by gemination,the time of reaching peak value had no change.Only the concentration of cinobufagin increased slightly corresponding to the time-point.Conclusion The distribution of cinobufagin in tissues of rats is extensive.Both the absorption and elimination of cinbufagin are quick and up to the top concentration in brain tissue.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Kuiyu dection on ulcerative colitis and to explore its mechanism.Methods120 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,60 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with Kuiyu dection retention enema,1 time a day,15 days for a course of treatment; and the control group was treated with SASP orally,2 g every time,3 times a day,and 15 days for a course of treatment.All patients with a course of treatment for the next 7 days after the rest period of treatment,evaluated after 3 courses.Comprehensive clinical efficacy,the main symptoms,score of integral electronic colonoscopy examination,and the changes of IL-6,IL 8 levels were observed in both groups after treatment with complete remission and six months followed-up,besides,the recurrence rate was also observed.ResultsThe total effective rate was 93.33％ in the treatment group,better than the control group 78.33％ (x2 =9.027,P＜0.05) ; the treatment group also showed better results in diarrhea,pus and blood improvement than the control group (x2=5.630、x2=5.972,P＜0.05),the treatment group could significantly reduce UC Serum IL-6,IL-8 level (x2=8.314,P＜0.01); electronic colonoscopy examination points,hyperemia,erosions,ulcers in both groups were significantly improved,but the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (x2=8.322,P＜0.05) ; 6 months followed-up and the recurrence rate in treatment group were better than control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=5.857,P＜0.05).ConclusionThrough decreasing the IL-6,IL 8 levels,Kuiyu dection can treat ulcerative colitis,with significant effect,non-toxic side effects,inexpensive,and easy for use.

Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Salvage Therapy ; Treatment Failure

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of combination of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) and enhanced flow (e-Flow) in the qualitative diagnosis of thyroid nodules; and to compare the diagnostic efficiency between e-Flow and color doppler flow imaging (CDFI. METHOD: The study chose 133 patients with 179 nodules (127 benign, 52 malignant nodules) who had per-operative ultrasound examination of their thyroid using grey-scale ultrasound, CDFI, e-Flow, and their noudles were graded by TI-RADS. Then the ultrasound diagnostic value were compared with their surgical pathology results by TI-RADS; TI-RADS and CDFI; TI-RADS and e-Flow, and diagnostic efficiency between e-Flow and CDFI were compared. RESULT: The results revealed that combination of TI-RADS and e-Flow had a higher sensitivity (94.23%, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between TI-RADS and the combination of TI-RADS and CDFI. Likewise, there was no significant difference between the combination of TI-RADS and e-Flow and the combination of TI-RADS and CDFI. The e-Flow showed a higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy compare to the CDFI. CONCLUSION Combining e-Flow and TI-RADS could improve the sensitivity in qualitative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Also, e-Flow has a better diagnostic efficiency of thyroid nodules.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Nodule ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography

Objective To explore the prognostic risk factors of low level malignant obstructive jaundice treated with transhapetic biliary drainage.Methods The clinical data of 142 patients with low level malignant obstructive jaundice received percutaneous transhapetic biliary drainage management from January 2010 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The study parameters included gender,age,tumor type,preoperative obstructive time,preoperative infection,drainage method,Child-Pugh grade,serum total bilirubin (TBIL),albumin (ALB),serum creatinine (SCr),the postoperative declining degree of bilirubin and postoperative antineoplastic therapy.The prognostic risk factors were evaluated.Results Single variable analysis showed that preoperative infection (P =0.006),Child-Pugh grade (P =0.004),SCr (P =0.043),the postoperative declining degree of TBIL (P =0.001) and postoperative antineoplastic therapy (P =0.015) were the related factors for survival time.The further Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative infection (OR =3.729,95％ CI 1.332-6.363,P =0.040),Child-Pugh grade ≥ 10 scores (OR =0.513,95％ CI 0.375-1.276,P =0.018) and postoperative antineoplastic therapy (OR =0.668,95％ CI 0.210-2.026,P =0.038) were the related factors for survival time.Conclusion In treating of low level malignant obstructive jaundice with transhapetic biliary drainage,the preoperative infection,Child-Pugh grade and postoperative antineoplastic therapy may be the important related factors that affect the patient's survival time,to evaluate the prognosis of these patients has important reference meaning.

Objective To explore the clinical value of urethral dilation in treatment of female bladder outlet obstruction. Methods Thirty-five female bladder outlet obstruction patients were selected, and all the patients failed for more than 1 month inαreceptor blocker treatment. The patients underwent urethral dilation under local anaesthesia, once a week, for a total of 12 times. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life score (QOL) and residual urine volume before and after treatment were examined. Results The IPSS, QOL and residual urine volume after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment: (10.23 ± 6.31) scores vs. (21.41 ± 3.71) scores, (2.31 ± 0.65) scores vs. (5.43 ± 0.60) scores and (20.73 ± 10.59) ml vs. (85.23 ± 12.15) ml, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). Conclusions The urethral dilation is one of the effective treatments for female bladder outlet obstruction patients who fail in αreceptor blocker treatment. It can make a part of patients avoid invasive examination and surgery, and it is worth to be popularized in clinic and primary hospital.

Objective To compare the effect of midazolam pretreatment on propofol sedation using closed-loop target-controlled infusion (TCI) between two age groups - the adult and the aged. Methods Forty-eight ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients of both sexes weighing 45-81 kg undergoing elective lower abdominal or lower extremity operation under epidural anesthesia were divided into two age groups : (A) the adult group (18-39 yrs) and (B) the aged group (66-79 yrs). The two groups were further divided randomly into 2 subgroups : midazolam subgroup ( n=12) received midazolam 0.04 mg?kg-1 10 min before propofol TCI and placebo subgroup ( n = 12) received normal saline instead of midazolam 10 min before propofol TCI. The patients were unpremedicated. An intravenous line was established before operation, which was connected to a TCI system comprising a Graseby 3500 infusion pump and a closed-loop TCI automatic control system. BP, HR, SpO2 and BIS were continuously monitored during operation. During epidural anesthesia the patients were sedated with propofol administered by TCI. The initial target blood concentration of propofol was set at 1.5?g?ml-1 . The level of sedation was assessed by OAA/S scale (5 = alert,0 = no response to prodding). The target blood propofol concentration was then increased or decreased in 0.5?g?ml-1 increment to maintain OAA/S score at 3. The BIS value at this level of sedation (OAA/S=3) was used as feedback in controlling TCI of propofol. The induction dose and the total dose of propofol, induction time and emergence time (OAA/S=5) were recorded. Results Midazolam premeditation significantly reduced the induction dose and total dose of propofol, shorten the induction time and prolonged the emergence time compared with placebo in both groups, especially in the aged group (P

Objective To evaluate the internal reliability of Psychosocial Function Evaluation for mental disabled people in day care unit. Methods 16 participants were evaluated twice by the same rater (social worker) in the unit at the Permanent stage and the Steering stage. Results Cronbach's α was greater than 0.7 in the both evaluation. The Spearman correlation coefficient between each dimension and total score were between 0.502 and 0.869. Conclusion The internal reliability of Psychosocial Function Evaluation is satisfactory for mental disabilities.