Nowadays,aging is the general trend of population development in the world.Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the elderly.Because of the atypical symptoms and signs,accompaniment of chronic cardiovascular disease and vulnerability to low blood glucose in the elder patients with diabetes,we should to make safe,effective,and individualized therapeutic programs for them.This paper will review the current prevalence,characteristics,and oral drug selection among elderly individuals with T2DM.

The main reason of recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer is the resistance for the radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and the mechanism of radio-resistance and chemo-resistance may be related to the DNA damage response (DDR).There is a complicated system of the DDR pathway,including cell cycle checkpoint,DNA repair,transcription and apoptosis to maintain the integrity of cell genes.In the cancer treatment,DDR occurs in various kinds of cytotoxic drugs and radiation to cause genetic damage,which limits the curative effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.This promotes the targeted therapy of DDR pathway,especially checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1).Recently,the new viewpoint supports that CHK1 is a main marker of the DDR pathway activation,which shows that CHK1 not only activates the check point but also affects the DNA repair and apoptosis directly.Thus,the role of CHK1 in DDR will promote CHK1 inhibitor to be one of the new treatment strategies for the cancer patients who resist the radiation and chemotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of PCNL with the use of different percutaneous renal access in treatment of renal calculi.Methods:Percutaneous renal minimal access(F14～F16)or small access(F18～F20)was established randomly in 142 patients,and PCNL were performed in all patients.The clinical parameters including operative time,complication and stone-free rate were compared in the two groups.Results:The operative time of simple renal calculi were(78.3?15.6)min and(91.2? 18.2)min(P0.05)in small access group and minimal access group respectively.The operative time of complicated renal calculi were(115.3?20.1)min and(130.7?28.7)min(P

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Child ; Deafness ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective To take the initiative in Huaibei region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprM efflux phenotype and the presence of genetic analysis to explore the multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the active efflux mechanism.Methods assignment pump inhibitor carbonyl cyano-right-chlorophenyl hydrazone(CCCP)on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ciprofloxacin(CIP) reversal of the sensitivity tests to screen active efflux of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotype-positive bacteria;using PCR amplified active efflux phenotype-positive bacteria OprM genes.Results CCCP under the action of 36 Pseudomonas aeruginosa,24 strains of the CIP to improve the sensitivity of four times more active efflux phenotype positive rate was 66.7%(24/36);in OprM gene PCR extension by experiment,there are 16(44.4%,16/36)was amplified 848bp fragment of OprM.Conclusion active efflux phenotype in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa in widespread;OprM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa genes in active efflux of the most common bacteria.

The rapid cooling contracture in myocardial protection is getting more and more attention. Rapid cooling contracture is referred to as the undepolarized myocardial contracture induced by rapid cooling, which is related with the sudden increase of Ca2+. The Ca2+ released from sarcoplasmic reticulum subsequently causes myocardial contracture through the myofilaments sliding. Its deleterious effects include: more energy consumption, impaired cardiac function, Ca2+ overload, et al. And some investigators have put forward some principals to prevent the bad influences of rapid cooling contracture.

As a new technique, photedynamic therapy was introduced in the end of 1970s and has been put into clinical application from experimental tests in recent years. Its mechanisms was established on the basis that a series of special typed cells and tissues could selectively absorb photosensitive drugs and generate photore-sponsive effects by light irradiation of definite wavelengths. Currently, the photodynamic theraputics is applied mainly in non surgical treatment of tumor betided in body superfacial and hollow viscus. Its application area has been expanded unceasingly in modern clinic due to the discovery of the selective aggregation of photoresponsive drugs to many pathological tissues and pathogenic microorganisms other than tumors, and the development of new photoresensitizer. In this paper, review is given on the effect mechanisms, the light sources and photosensitizer, as well as the application of photodynamic treatment of tumors in head and neck and its treatments of mucosal dis-ease and oral pathogenic microorganism infected diseases.

Human cervical cancer oncogene(HCCR) is newly identified in cervical cancer tissues,and expresses in most human tumors. Resarches show that HCCR is a candidate marker for human hepatocelular carcinoma and breast cancer. Moreover,the expression of HCCR is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal pathway. The proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion of tumor cells could be inhibited by siRNA of HCCR.

Magnesium and its alloys possess the features of low density,high strength and rigidity,good biocompatibility and biodegradability.Their elastic modulus is similar to human bone,which endows them with a broad application prospect in the field of orthopedic biomedical materials.This paper reviews the current research status of magnesium and its alloys as the orthopedic implant materials and as porous scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering.Methods to improve corrosion resistance of magnesium-based metals ale briefly described as well.

Calculi ; chemically induced ; Ceftriaxone ; adverse effects ; Child ; Humans ; Lithiasis ; chemically induced