Nowadays,aging is the general trend of population development in the world.Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the elderly.Because of the atypical symptoms and signs,accompaniment of chronic cardiovascular disease and vulnerability to low blood glucose in the elder patients with diabetes,we should to make safe,effective,and individualized therapeutic programs for them.This paper will review the current prevalence,characteristics,and oral drug selection among elderly individuals with T2DM.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of PCNL with the use of different percutaneous renal access in treatment of renal calculi.Methods:Percutaneous renal minimal access(F14～F16)or small access(F18～F20)was established randomly in 142 patients,and PCNL were performed in all patients.The clinical parameters including operative time,complication and stone-free rate were compared in the two groups.Results:The operative time of simple renal calculi were(78.3?15.6)min and(91.2? 18.2)min(P0.05)in small access group and minimal access group respectively.The operative time of complicated renal calculi were(115.3?20.1)min and(130.7?28.7)min(P

The main reason of recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer is the resistance for the radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and the mechanism of radio-resistance and chemo-resistance may be related to the DNA damage response (DDR).There is a complicated system of the DDR pathway,including cell cycle checkpoint,DNA repair,transcription and apoptosis to maintain the integrity of cell genes.In the cancer treatment,DDR occurs in various kinds of cytotoxic drugs and radiation to cause genetic damage,which limits the curative effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.This promotes the targeted therapy of DDR pathway,especially checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1).Recently,the new viewpoint supports that CHK1 is a main marker of the DDR pathway activation,which shows that CHK1 not only activates the check point but also affects the DNA repair and apoptosis directly.Thus,the role of CHK1 in DDR will promote CHK1 inhibitor to be one of the new treatment strategies for the cancer patients who resist the radiation and chemotherapy.

Calculi ; chemically induced ; Ceftriaxone ; adverse effects ; Child ; Humans ; Lithiasis ; chemically induced

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Child ; Deafness ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective To explore the relationship between transitional care model and diabetic patients. Methods 112 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table. Control group used the doctor as the center patient management mode. The observation group used thepatient-centeredpatient management, application of home nursing service. Results Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HGL), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index (BMI) of observation group before treatment respectively were (11.2±2.4)%, (3.7±1.3) mmol/L, (0.5±0.2) mmol/L, (13.6±2.4) mmol/L, (11.8±2.9) mmol/L, (25.9±4.9) kg/m2. Patients discharged from hospital after care for 3 months respectively were (6.8±0.9)%, (1.0±0.3) mmol/L, (2.5±0.4) mmol/L, (8.9±1.5) mmol/L, (6.8 ± 2.0) mmol/L, (20.8 ± 5.8) kg/m2. There was statistically significant difference (t=3.5-6.6,P<0.05). Control group before treatment respectively were (11.9 ± 3.6) %, (3.8 ± 1.5) mmol/L, (0.6 ± 0.3) mmol/L, (13.9 ± 2.9) mmol/L, (11.6 ± 3.2) mmol/L, (25.9 ± 6.8) kg/m2,while patients discharged from hospital for 3 months respectively were (10.9±3.4)%, (3.3±0.7) mmol/L, (0.7±0.2) mmol/L, (12.8±4.2) mmol/L, (10.6± 2.6) mmol/L, (25.1 ± 6.6) kg/m2, there was no statistically significant difference (t=0.05-1.36,P>0.05). Patients discharged from hospital after 3 months, perception, diet, medication, exercise adherence score of observation group was (34.98 ± 5.67), (41.98 ± 5.00), (40.29 ± 5.60), (40.45 ± 7.21) points, which were obviously higher than (21.18±4.75) , (28.46±4.26), (21.88±4.58), (20.98±2.69) points of control group, the difference was statistically significant (t=13.96-19.03,P<0.01). Conclusions Using home nursing service mode in type 2 diabetes care is helping to improve blood sugar levels and improve patient compliance after discharge, fully improve the patients′prognosis.

Objective To explore types and risk factors of recurrent ischemic stroke in ischemic stroke patients using antiplatelet drugs. Methods By retrospective study, 130 recurrent ischemic stroke patients using antiplatelet drugs (antiplatelet therapy group) and 101 recurrent ischemic stroke patients not taking antiplatelet drugs (non antiplatelet therapy group) were collected. Two groups of patients were divided according to the ischemic subtypes, and risk factors between different subtypes were analyzed. Results (1) Single factor analysis showed history of coronary heart disease and smoking are more frequent in antiplatelet therapy group with recurrent lacunar infarction (LI). History of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and high level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) are more frequent in antiplatelet therapy group suffer from recurrent atherosclerotic thrombosis (AT). (2)Logistic regression analysis showed the history of coronary heart disease , smoking are independent risk factors for recurrent LI in antiplatelet therapy group (P = 0.018, P = 0.027); history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and high level of LDL are independent risk factors for recurrent AT in antiplatelet therapy group (P =0.003, P = 0.010, P = 0.002). Conclusions The history of coronary heart disease and smoking are independent risk factors for the recurrence of LI in patients with antiplatelet therapy. History of coronary heart disease , diabetes , and high level of LDL are independent risk factors for the recurrence of AT in patients with antiplatelet therapy. Combined coronary heart disease would increase both LI and AT recurrence.

ve To investigate the effects of different doses of diltiazem alone or combination with isoflurane on stunned isolated rat heart. Methods Adult male Wistar rats weighing 325-350g were anesthetized with intraabdominal pentobarbital sodium 60mg?kg-1. Heparin 200IU was injected into femoral vein. Chest was then opened and heart was removed and connected to Langendorff preparation. The isolated rat heart was perfused at 100cm H2O with Krebs-Hensleit buffer(KHB) balanced with 95%O2 and 5%CO2 at 37℃ and electrically paced at 300 bpm. Global myocardial ischemia was produced by suspension of perfusion. The isolated rat heart underwent 20 min ischemia followed by 30min reperfusion. 40 rat hearts were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups of eight each, group Ⅰ received no treatment and served as control; group Ⅱ: the isolated heart was perfused with 0.1/?mol?L-1 diltiazem for 10 min before the onset of ischemia; group Ⅲ: with 0.5?mol?L-1 diltiazem; group Ⅳ: with 0. 1?mol?L-1 diltiazem + 1.5MAC isoflurane; group Ⅴ: with 0.5?mol?L-1 diltiazem + 1.5MAC isoflurane. Left ventricle developed pressure(DP) was measured from a fluid-filled Latex balloon placed in left ventricle. The volume of the fluid in the balloon was regulated to maintain the left ventricle end-diastolic pressure at 5-8 mm Hg. Peak systolic pressure(PSP), end-diastolic pressure(EDP) and developed pressure(DP) were measured after the isolated heart was stabilized for 10min (baseline value) and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30min after reperfusion. Maximum intraventricular pressure was measured during ischemia when the isolated heart was not paced and at a stand still. Results There was no significant difference in DP, EDP, + dp/dtmax and - dp/dtmin after the isolated hearts were stabilized for 10min, before ischemia among the five groups. Perfusion with 0.1?mol?L-1 diltiazem did not affect DP significantly but 0.5?mol?L-1 diltiazem significantly decreased DP (P

As a new technique, photedynamic therapy was introduced in the end of 1970s and has been put into clinical application from experimental tests in recent years. Its mechanisms was established on the basis that a series of special typed cells and tissues could selectively absorb photosensitive drugs and generate photore-sponsive effects by light irradiation of definite wavelengths. Currently, the photodynamic theraputics is applied mainly in non surgical treatment of tumor betided in body superfacial and hollow viscus. Its application area has been expanded unceasingly in modern clinic due to the discovery of the selective aggregation of photoresponsive drugs to many pathological tissues and pathogenic microorganisms other than tumors, and the development of new photoresensitizer. In this paper, review is given on the effect mechanisms, the light sources and photosensitizer, as well as the application of photodynamic treatment of tumors in head and neck and its treatments of mucosal dis-ease and oral pathogenic microorganism infected diseases.

Human cervical cancer oncogene(HCCR) is newly identified in cervical cancer tissues,and expresses in most human tumors. Resarches show that HCCR is a candidate marker for human hepatocelular carcinoma and breast cancer. Moreover,the expression of HCCR is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal pathway. The proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion of tumor cells could be inhibited by siRNA of HCCR.