The present research aims to point out the long-existing defect of analyzing the spectrum diagram only from the perspective of haemodynamics instead of haemorheology. In the light of the theories of haemodynamics and haemorheology, the causes of spectrum diagram formation of carotid artery blood at the rapid and slow flow can be clarified completely and accurately. Four conclusions have been drawn in the end. As long as the velocity gradient is large enough, obvious red blood cells concentrate to the shaft even in the big or bigger blood vessels; the spectrum diagram is the powerful proof of the two phase flow model of blood; the spectrum diagram can be completely and accurately analyzed only by combining haemodynamics with haemorheology; and only when the red blood cells concentrate to the shaft, the big or bigger blood vessels can be regarded as haemogeneous fluid.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Carotid Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorheology ; Humans ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

Objective: Pushing the development of scientific research, education and clinical applying of hemorheologic in eath part comprehensively and in depth. Methods: Summarizing the experiences, lessons and questions in scientific research, edu-cation and clinical applying of hemorheologic in twenty and more years, clarifying the harm of high viscosity to health. Re-sults: Stating the foundation, necessity and feasibility of the overall and deep development have been possessed. Conclusions: Hemorheologic can be developed comprehensively and in depth provided that studying good experiences, cultivating talent, playing the role of learning organizations and conquering the existing questions.

Objective: To study the antitumor effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP X) and its immunity regulating effect on S 180 bearing mice. Methods: S 180 bearing mice were used as animal model. The effect of LBP X on tumor weight and immune function was observed. Results: LBP X could inhibit the growth of S 180 effectively and increase thymus index, the macrophage phagocytic function, anti SRBC antibody secreted by the spleen cells, lymphocyte proliferation and CTL activity and decrease LPO markedly in S 180 bearing mice. Conclusion: The mechanism of tumor inhibition by LBP X was due to enhance the immune function.

Objective:To explore the value of applying the U-100 laser lithotripsy through extra-thin choledochoscope under miniincision to treat the refractory common bile duct stones.Methods:The curative effect and complications of 68 patients were observed.Results:All of the operations were succeeded whithout cases of death.67 cases’ biliary stones were completely removed,and the stone free rate is 98.52%,only 4 cases have complications.Transcystic bile duct exploration were performed in 29 patients,and CBDE were performed in 39 patients,the average postoperative time of in hospital stay is only 10.5 days.Conclusion:The treatment plan has the advantages of mini invasion,high efficiency and low postoperative complication rate,so it’s safe and practicable.

Objective To explore the risk factors of female breast cancer and provide the basis for the etiology of female breast cancer,the identification of the high-risk population and the development of effective intervention measures.Methods The breast cancer patients who were confirmed by pathology were collected,and screened for healthy women whose age and living environment were similar to breast cancer patients.The questionnaire was used to collect risk-factors of breast cancer.The x2 test were used to analyze statistical difference of case group and control group.1 ∶ 2 logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between risk factors and female breast cancer.Results There were 184 breast cancer patients and 368 healthy women in research.Benign breast disease,breastfeeding,abortion,depression,smoking,passive smoking,eating fried or smoked foods,drinking tea had statistical differences between case group and control group.And benign breast lesions(OR =1.553,95％ CI 2.045 ～ 10.924),abortion(OR =0.775,95 ％ CI 1.423 ～ 3.309),smoking(OR =0.674,95％ CI 1.009 ～ 3.817) passive smoking (OR =2.98,95％ CI 1.680 ～ 3.720) were the risk factors of breast cancer,and drink tea(OR =-0.425,95％ CI 0.446 ～ 0.958),eating soy products (OR =-0.687,95 ％ CI 0.284 ～ 0.889) breast-feeding (OR =-0.827,95％CI 0.193 ～ 0.991) were the protective factors of breast cancer.Conclusion The risk factors of female breast cancer in Binzhou are benign breast disease,abortion,passive smoking,depression,and the protective factors are drinking tea and breast-feeding.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of different nutritional therapies on the immune function of patients with malignant obstructive jaundice after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD).Methods A total of 50 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice who were admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to March 2013 were randomly divided into two groups according to the admis-sion order.The patients in group A (n=25 )received enteral nutritional support after PTCD,and those in group B (n=25 )received total parenteral nutritional support after PTCD.Intra-group and inter-group comparisons were made in terms of jaundice clearance,nutritional indices,and body’s immune function on preoperative day 1 and postoperative day 7;comparison between the two groups was made by t test. Results Among the 50 patients who underwent PTCD,39 (78%)had good drainage,while 1 1 (22%)did not reach the expectation,of which,5 (10%)were in group A and 6 (12%)in group B.In both groups,the nutritional indices on postoperative day 7 were significantly higher than those on preoperative day 1(P<0.05),but no significant difference in these indices was observed between group A and group B on postoperative day 7 (P>0.05).The immune function of patients in both groups was significantly improved following PTCD and nutrition-al support (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Although the same scheme of nutritional support was used,there were 1 1 patients who did not achieve the expected jaundice clearance after PTCD and had limited improvement in immune function compared with those who had complete jaundice clearance (all P<0.05).Conclusion Jaundice clearance is closely re-lated to PTCD in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice,but not markedly associated with the ways of nutritional support.

Object To study the structural characteristics of protein bond polysaccharide Le 3 from the fruitbody of Lentinus edodos (Berk ) Pegler Methods Relative molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography Structural characteristics were expounded by infra red scan, gas chromatography, ? elimination reaction and Sepharose gel electrophoresis The content of total polysaccharide and protein were determined by colorimetry Results Mean molecular weight and molecular number of Le 3 were 13 700 and 12 500 Typical absorption peak of the polysaccharide as shown in infra red spectrum was of ? type glycosidic linkage Le 3 was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid The molar ratio of the neutral saccharides was Ara∶Xyl∶Man∶Gal∶Glu=0 31∶0 47∶1 00∶1 15∶8 92 The content of total saccharide and protein were 70 62% and 25 31% The saccharides were not linked to peptides chain through O glycosidic linkage Le 3 contained RNA Conclusion Le 3 was a kind of new type polysaccharide isolated from the fruitbody of L edodes

Object To study the effects of districts, seasonal variations and treatments in past harvest on the five main bioactive components in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Methods The contents of them in the bark and leaves of E ulmoides were determined by RP HPLC Results The contents of (+) pinoresinol di O ? D glucopyranoside (PG), (+) syringaresinol di O ? D glucopyranoside (SG), chorgenic acid (CGA), geniposide (GP), geniposidic acid (GA) among the sample of E ulmoides from different growing districts were obvious difference Besides, the amount of different bioactive components in the same sample had no correlation Seasonal variation and different past harvest treatments had great influence on the bioactive component in E ulmoide. Based on the monthly variation of their main bioactive component, the suitable seasons for harvest of the barks and leaves of E ulmoides are April, May and July respectively, and intracellular enzymes in the fresh barks and leaves collected should be inactivated imediately before drying to avoid lossing the bioactive components In addition, between the barks and leaves of E ulmoides, the major bioactive component had great differences, but had complementarity Conclusion The districts, seasonal variatons and past harvest treatments have great effects on the contents of five main bioactive components in the barks and leaves of E ulmooides, and the barks couldn't be replaced by the leaves simply