Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a member of cytokine superfamily.Recent studies reveal that the abnormality of TGF-β1 and its receptors is strongly related to genesis,progression and prognosis of lung cancer.It plays an important role in early diagnosis,stage and assessment of treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.

General practitioners from community health service institutions in Shijingshan,Mentougou,Haidian,Chaoyang,Fengtai and Dongcheng Districts of Beijing were selected to take the examination of chronic wounds management.Questionnaire survey was also performed on the status of community chronic wounds management,medical service motivation,influencing factors and their demand for training.Among 204 general practitioners,55 (27.0％) had mastered basic knowledge,98 (48.0％) passed the examination and 51 (25.0％) failed.The results showed that 179 (87.7％) had changing dressing service,36.8％ offered out-patient consulting service,17.6％ performed surgical debridement,only 10 (4.9％) provided home chronic wounds care service and 2 (0.9％) of them carried out long-term follow-up.According to the motivation survey,all the practitioners expressed the willingness to help the patients and win their trust.Most of the practitioners claimed no supporting from their institutions(91.7％) and chronic wounds management was excluded from daily routine.Furthermore,heavy work load(82.8％) and lack of professional knowledge(80.9％)were also considered to be main obstructive factors.The survey showed that the majority of physicians required classroom teaching (90.1％),case analysis (86.8％),operating video (92.6％) and other teaching forms.More low level doctors(97.1％)had the desire to pursue further specialist training than higher level physicians (56.7％).The results of our investigation indicate that general practitioners in community heath service institutions have strong learning motivation for chronic wounds management and systematic training of knowledge and practical skills in this field should be provided.

[Objective]To assess whether calcitonin exerts an chondroprotective action in unstable knees which induce experimental osteoarthritis and its effect to MMP-1.[Method]Twenty 6-month New Zealand rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transaction(ACLT) and were divided into two groups (ACLT group and ACLT+CT group) randomly after transaction on day 7 postsurgery. ACLT+CT group rabbits received a daily subcutaneous injection of salmon calcitonin at a dose of 5 IU per kg of body weight for six weeks.ACLT group were treated with the normal saline at the same dose. All animals were sacrificed 7 weeks postsurgery. The articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle was evaluated at mascroscopically and microscopically. The mRNA expression and tissue level of MMP 1 was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.[Result]Cartilage degradation in ACLT group was significantly more severe than that in ACLT+CT group both in microscopic grading scale and in Mankin's grading scale (P

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma (IFNS) is a rare benign tumor. The management of IFNS is very challenging because of the lack of appropriate methods for preoperative diagnosis, which is often conducted intraoperatively in most cases. This article reviewed the literature on IFNS recorded in PubMed from 1958 to 2014 and described in detail its clinical manifestations, diagnoses and differential diagnoses, and treatment options. Accurate diagnosis for IFNS mainly depends on intraoperative observation and postoperative histological examination. Preoperative facial nerve function, localization, and adherence, as well as preferences of IFNS patients are important factors to consider in the decision-making process for IFNS management to optimize the outcomes. Surgical resection is usually reserved for patients with facial function of House-Brackmann grade III or worse; otherwise, conservative treatment can be adopted.
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Face ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To re-evaluate Danhong injection and analyze the rationality of medication. Methods 400 patients treated with Danhong injection in Taiyuan Centre Hospital from February to August, 2010 were monitored centralizedly.Their medication and the results were analyzed and evaluated. Results The improvement rate was 95.1%, and the incidence of adverse reaction was 0.5%. The problems showed in the use of the drug were non-indication medication,inappropriate selection of solvent, and unsuitable compatibility with other drugs. Conclusion Danhong injection has the advantages of perfect effects and safe. The mode of medication monitoring by clinical pharmacist is worth promoting.

Objective To study the clinical features of upper gastro-intestinal hemorrhage in aged patients and provide information for timely and reasonable treatment for these patients. Methods The clinical data of 100 aged patients with upper gastro-intestinal hemorrhage (group A) were analyzed retrospectively. As control, 101 cases of non-aged patients with the same condition were selected for comparison ( Group B). Results The main cause of upper gastro-intestinal hemorrhage in aged patients was peptic ulcer(39% ) ,but the rate of hemorrhagein gastric ulcer(24. 00% ) was higher than that of duodenal ulcer(15. 00% ). However, in the non-aged patients,duodenal ulcer caused higher chance of upper gastro-intestinal hemorrhage than gastric ulcer. Aged group has higher complications ( 70.00% ) , which was significantly higher than that in non-aged group ( 24.75% ) ( x2 = 41. 27, P < 0. 01). Haematemesis occurred more frequently in aged group ( 28.00% ) thanthat of 7.92% in the non-aged group(x2 = 13.78 ,P <0.01). Most patients in aged group received NSAIDs and anticoagulant to treat complications. Conclusion The primary cause of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in aged patients was peptic ulcer,with relatively high incidence in gastric ulcer patients,and frequent incidence of haematemesis and complications. Aged patients were recommended to receive PPI therapy.

Objective To observe the anesthetic effects of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection in oral treatment of elder patients.Methods 66 teeth of 56 elder patients were treated.Pain intensity was scaled by VAS.Pulse and blood pressure were observed before and after drugs administration for 0,5 minutes.ResuIts Pain during injection of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection and surgery subsequently was rare.The total respouse rate was 95%～100%.No significent toxic effects were found.Pulse and blood pressure remained after injection.Conclusion Articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection was one of local anesthetics with good infiltration,safety and anesehetic effect.It would be more widely used in elder patients oral treatment field in the future.

This article discussed the classification of Chinese ancient medieal books in several monographs such as Total Records of Four Bibliographic books on Chinese Medicine,Classification of Motherland Medical Books written by Beiiing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Comprehensive Collection of Chinese Book on Chinese Medicine,Initial Classification Table of Traditional Chinese Medical Books written by Library of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and The Directory Association of Traditional Chinese Medicial Books,etc.and studied and analyzed the current status of the classification of Chinese ancient medical books.

Spleen deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome is the common syndrome of the chest blockage.In this article,the pathological characteristics,syndrome characteristics and treating principle of the spleen deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome of chest blockage were discussed.

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is referred as the changes of physical and chemical properties, as well as the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of drugs administered simultaneously or consecutively. The clinical results for drug-drug interaction could be divided into good clinical efficacy and adverse interaction. With the kinds of drugs increasing every year, new drug resistances spring up frequently. This phenomenon makes drug combination increased so that the drug interaction, especially the adverse interaction emerged. The mechanisms of in vivo drug-drug interaction are relevant to a number of factors, including drug-metabolizing enzyme systems and membrane transporters. Recent studies have revealed the important role played by transporters in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. In order to avoid severe side effects mediated by transporters and to promote rational combination in clinics, the mechanisms of intestinal absorption and renal excretion mediated by transporters are reviewed.