OBJECTIVE:To investigate the factors influencing the drug release of atenolol nasal gel for references of optimization of its formulation.METHODS:The effects of carbopol 941(0.8%,1.0% and 1.2%)which used as the gel stroma,the amount of surface acting agent Tween-80(0,6% and 8%),and absorption enhancer(DM-?-CD vs.?-CD)on the in vitro release of atenolol nasal gel were investigated.RESULTS:All the above-mentioned 3 factors had marked effects on the in vitro release of atenolol nasal gel.The in vitro release of atenolol nasal gel was markedly enhanced by 0.8% carbopol 941,6% Tween-80 and 10% DM-?-CD absorption enhancer.CONCLUSION:The results in the study serve as references for the optimization of the formulation of atenolol nasal gel.

The paper researches the co-authorship situation in the field of foreign medical ethics through the social network analysis method,taking 9 foreign core journals of medical ethics included in the Journal Citation Report as the data source,it extracts and sorts out the information through BICOMB and UCINET software to generate the co-occurrence matrix of the author and draw the map,reveals the overall structural features and co-authorship situation of the co-authorship network in the field of foreign medical ethics.

Objective:To construct expression vector of human glucocorticoid receptor mutant.Methods:cDNA sequence of human glucocorticoid receptor mutant having no LBD was amplificated through RT-nested PCR,PCR product was directionally cloned to pEGFP-N2 plasmid vector,and recombinant plasmids were screened through sequencing.Expressions of recombinant plasmids in human macrophage cell line U937 were observed through fluorescence microscope.Transcriptional activation activity of variant was evaluated through methods of relative activity of luciferase.Results:The 1 601 bp length cDNA was obtained,and result of sequencing confirmed the cloned cDNA sequence is completely coincidence with that of glucocorticoid receptor in Genebank.Expression products of recombinant plasmid mainly located in nucleus.Transcriptional activation activity incresed after recombinant plasmid transfected.Conclusion:Expression vector of glucocorticoid receptor mutant was constructed successfully,which has transcriptional activation activity independent of glucocorticoid.

OBJECTIVE To determine the germicidal efficacy and corrosiveness of San Xiao pyrogen inactivator.METHODS Its germicidal efficacy was measured with carrier test.RESULTS The killing rate of Bacillus subtilis var.niger spores exposed to its solution containing available chlorine 750mg/L for 30 min attained 100%.Its solution containing available chlorine 500 mg/L with a 15 min contact time could destroy HBsAg antigenicity in suspension.Its germicidal efficacy decreased in presence of organic substance.Its water solution containing available chlorine 1000mg/L was not corrosive to stainless steel,moderately corrosive to carbon steel and severely corrosive to copper and aluminum.CONCLUSIONS San Xiao pyrogen inactivator is a kind of original disinfectant which has better germicidal efficacy and uses safely.

Objective To study the hot spots and frontiers in studies on domestic hospital libraries by visualization analysis.Methods A total of 2820 CNKI-covered papers on hospital libraries from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed u-sing CiteSpace 3.8.Results The clustering map of key words in papers on hospital libraries was plotted, the fre-quency of key words and centrality were listed, and the burst terms were mapped.Conclusion The hot spots in studies on hospital libraries are readers service, network and resources development.Subject service and digital li-brary are the frontiers.Review of hospital class plays an important role in promoting the construction of hospital li-braries.Service of hospital libraries is focused on the construction of key subjects in hospitals.

Objective To evaluate the utilization status of essential medicines at community health centers,and analyze problems existing in the stocking and application situation of such medicines,hence to provide references and suggestions for the implementation of the Essential Medicine System.Methods The investigation method was used to analyze the actual stocking situation of essential medicines at community health centers,and existing problems in implementing the Essential Medicine System.Results An average of 377 species of essential medicines were stocked by the community health institutions, accounting for 53.9% of Beijing Essential Medicine List,and average 61.6% of the total medicines in these institutions.There were insufficiencies existing both in the list and supplies of essential medicines. First-aid and low-price essential medicines are out of stock.Lack of confidence by some patients on the drug brands and their quality covered in the essential medicines.Conclusions The list and supplies of essential medicines could not meet the demand of patients at community health centers adequately.The method of evidence-based practice should be applied to each area in implementing of the Essential Medicine System.

Objective To explore the effect of propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia in cosmetic surgery and the controllability of anesthesia.Methods According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA),levels Ⅰ-Ⅱ hospitalized patients for elective cosmetic surgery (100 cases) were randomly divided into two groups,namely propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia group (Group T) and combined intravenous inhalational anesthesia group (Group C),50 cases each.Observatory items of patients included intraoperative cardiovascular drug use,body movement,waking-up time,extubation time,leaving time from operation theatre,postoperative adverse reaction,hypoxemia (SpO2＜95％) and anesthesia satisfaction.Results In Group C,waking-up time,extubation time and leaving time from operation theatre were (12.2 ± 3.6),(13.8± 4.6) and (4.6 ±5.8) min,respectively,which were longer than those (6.7±2.6),(7.8±3.3) and (3.3±3.8) min in Group T (P＜0.05).In Group T,intraoperative ephedrine usage (6/50,12.0％) and body moving rates (4/50,8.0％) were higher than those (1/50,2.0％) and (1/50,2.0％) in the Group C (P＜0.05).The Group T had lower incidence of postoperative adverse reactions,including lethargy (2/50,4.0％),irritability (1/50,2.0％),nausea and vomiting (8/50,16.0％),which were lower than those (8/50,16.0％),(7/50,14.0％) and (17/50,34.0％) in the Group C (P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative chill was similar between the two groups with no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Satisfactory rate with anesthesia was 84.0％ (42/50) in Group T that was higher than 52.0％ (26/50) in Group C (P＜0.05).Conclusions Propofol-remifentanil intravenous anesthesia has definite effects with faster postoperative recovery,less adverse reaction and complications,safety and operablity.

Objective To explore the role of the change of the CD11b expression in hyperleukocytosis and acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) differentiation syndrome, we observed the effects of all-trans retinoie acid(ATRA) and trioxide arsenic(ATO) alone or the combination together with daunorubicin (DNR) on CD11b expression of human APL cell line NB4 cells. Methods By using the mono-antibody of CD11b FITC-conjugated, we monitored the level of CD11b expression of NB4 cells by flow cytometry. Results With the length of the 1 μmol/L ATRA exposure,the CD11b expression was increased. Exposed to ATRA for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 168 h;the CD11b expression of NB4 cell was (33.34±3.15)%, (55.59±5.13)%, (86.08±5.12)% and (90.69±2.69)%, respectively which were higher than control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). With the length of the 1 μmol/L ATO exposure, the CD11b expression showed no significant difference with control group(P>0.05), but was significantly lower than that in ATRA exposure(P<0.01). Exposed to 1 μmol/L ATRA combined with 1 μmol/L ATO for 72 h and 168 h, the CD11b expression were (18.81±1.40)% and (25.61±4.54)%, which were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), but significantly lower than ATRA exposure (P<0.01). With the exposure to 1 μmol/L ATRA combined with 1 μmol/L ATO and 1 μmol/L DNR, the CD11b expression was also significantly lower than ATRA exposure (P<0.01) and showed no difference with control group (P>0.05). Conclusion By avoiding the increase of CD11b expression of promyelocytic leukemia cells, ATRA combined with ATO or two drugs together with DNR could play a role in eliminating incidence of hyperleukocytosis and retinoic acid syndrome.

Based on the concept of hospital corporate governance,this article proposed to clarify the property ownership by the corporate governance,making it the cornerstone of building hospitals of mixed ownership.Furthermore,the authors also recommended the roadmap and policy support for such hospitals,policy analysis and suggestions to the construction of the mixed ownership hospitals,aiming at providing theoretical basis and reference to public hospital reform and the medical and health system reform.

Objective To explore the clinical value of the insulin pump(CSⅡ) and multiple subcutaneous insulin intensive treat-ment(MDI) for patients with type 2 diabetes and stroke .Methods A total of 80 patients with type 2 diabetes and stroke in Weifang Community Health Service Center from April 2011 to May 2014 were selected as subjects and divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table method ,with 40 cases in each group .Patients in the experimental group were trea-ted with CSⅡ ,patients in the control group were treated with MDI .Glucose level ,therapeutic time ,the number of low blood sugar , insulin dosage ,National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) score ,insulin secretion index(IS) ,insulin resistance index(IR) , hospital costs were compared before and after treatment in the two groups .Results The glucose levels ,therapeutic time ,the num-ber of low blood sugar ,insulin dosage ,NIHSS score ,IS ,IR in the two groups before and after breakfast ,before and after lunch ,be-fore dinner ,after dinner 2 hours before treatment had no significant differences(P>0 .05) ,the glucose levels ,therapeutic time ,the number of low blood sugar ,insulin dosage ,NIHSS score ,IS ,IR after treatment in both groups were significantly decreased at these time points ,but those indicators in the experimental group decreased more significantly ,and had significant differences with those of the control group(P<0 .05) .The cost of hospitalization of patients in the experimental group was significant lower than that in the control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion CSⅡ treatment for type 2 diabetes and stroke patients ,not only control glucose level well ,re-duce the number of low blood glucose and insulin dosage ,significantly improved IS and IR ,reduce hospital costs ,and also could sig-nificantly improve the neurological disorders of consciousness ,which is an ideal treatment method compared with MDI .