Objective To observe the differences in functional capacities generated by different simple breathing balloons extruded by different hand types and methods.Methods The lung functional measurement instrument was used to measure the generated functional capacities of two types of simple breathing balloon extruded by different hand methods: using big-, mid- and small-size hands with 5 fingers generally separately open and maximally extended states or with both small-size hands to extrude balloon; the effective generated gas quantity of the above methods were compared.Results ① Comparison between different balloons: the functional capacity generated by black rubber balloon extruded by any hand type was 68 - 132 mL lower than that generated by light blue silicon balloon. ② The comparison between different hand types: the functional capacities generated by any hand at maximally extended state in extruding balloon was 13 - 70 mL higher than that by hand commonly separate state; extrusion by a small size hand was nearly unable to reach 400 mL, while the functional capacity was 520 - 650 mL when the balloon was extruded by a big size hand, and 435 - 635 mL by a mid-size hand; it was necessary to use both small hands when the black rubber balloon was extruded, when the light blue silicon air bag was extruded, the functional capacity could reach 430 - 440 mL with a small size hand. ③ Difference in extruding methods: the functional capacity generated by either big size hand or mid-size hand with 5 fingers maximally extending state to extrude balloon was significantly higher than that with 5 fingers commonly separate state, the functional capacity generated by both small size hands with fingers maximally separating and extending state to extrude balloon was obviously higher than that generated by 5 fingers generally separating and extending state, the functional capacities generated by light blue silicon balloon were obviously higher than those by black rubber balloon, no matter the 5 fingers of big- or mid-size hand being at generally separating or extending state (mL: 623.00±21.11 vs. 522.00±41.85 by big size hand with common 5 fingers separate state, 649.00±26.01 vs. 575.00±58.55 by big sizehand with maximum 5 fingers extending state; 566.00±37.77 vs. 436.00±21.19 by mid-size hand with common 5 fingers separate state, 637.00±30.02 vs. 505.00±37.49 by mid-size hand with maximum 5 fingers extending state); the light blue silicon balloon extruded by small hand with 5 fingers at generally separate state and at maximally extending state could generate functional capacities (mL)432.00±13.02 and 444.00±37.18 respectively, significantly higher than those using the 2 types of hand state extruding a black rubber balloon (the tidal volume < 400 mL), the functional capacities generated by both small hands extruding a light blue silicon balloon was obviously higher than that by using a black rubber balloon (mL: 557.00±54.98 vs. 489.00±40.12, allP < 0.05).Conclusions Different functional capacities will be generated by different hand sizes, different hand extruding methods and types of simple breathing balloon, clinical application should be based on patients' body weights to decide their tidal volumes, and combined with the rescuers' hand sizes and types of simple breathing balloon to choose a proper extruding method for a certain patient, thus sufficient oxygen can be surely provided in time for him/her and rescue successful rate can be elevated.

Objective To compare the efficacies and prognoses of stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery in treatment of brain metastases of lung cancer with diameter of 3-7 cm.Methods A retrospective study of 80 patients with brain metastases from lung cancer with diameter of 3-7 cm treated with gamma knife in our hospital from April 2010 to November 2016 was performed.There were 46 patients in stereotactic radiosurgery group and 34 in fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery group.The local tumor rate,incidence of complications,changes ofperitumoral edema,and Kamofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale scores at 3 months after operation were compared between the two groups.Multi-factor Cox regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the short-term efficacy of patients.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the survival rate of patients.Results Three months after operation,the local tumor control rate and incidence of complications were 73.9％ and 21.7％ in the stereotactic radiosurgery group,and 94.1％ and 2.94％ in the fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery group,with significant differences (P＜0.05).As compared with those in the stereotactic radiosurgery group,the percentage of patients with increased grading ofperitumoral edema was significantly decreased and percentage of patients with increased KPS scores was significantly increased in fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery group (P＜0.05).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that tumor diameter was the only statistically significant risk factor for prognosis (P＜0.05).The median survival time was 13.6 months in the stereotactic radiosurgery group and 16 months in the fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery group.The one-year survival rate and accumulate survival rate showed no significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion As compared with stereotactic radiosurgery therapy,fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery has more advantages in the treatment of lung cancer brain metastases with diameter of 3-7 cm.