Objective To investigate compliance and influencing factors of hand hygiene (HH)among health care workers(HCWs).Methods From November 2014 to February 2015,implementation of HH among HCWs in 15 clinical departments in a hospital was investigated through questionnaires,the effect of HH purpose on HH behav-ior of HCWs was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression method.Results A total of 364 HCWs were investi-gated,245 (67.31% )of whom implemented HH well. Univariate analysis revealed that implementation of HH a-mong HCWs of different occupations,education levels,and HH purpose were all significantly different (all P<0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HH purpose as well as HH compliance were both signifi-cantly different (P= 0.042). Compared with HH purpose of self-protection among HCWs,HCWs with HH pur-pose of cross-infection prevention had better HH behavior (OR,2.17[95% CI,1.29-3.65]).The top five objective factors influencing HCWs'HH implementation were as follows:lack of warm water in winter (70.73% ),heavy workload,had no time (61 .38% ),skin irritation caused by disinfectant or hand sanitizer (54.88% ),without hand dryer (47.56% ),and use disposable gloves (45.12% ).Conclusion On the basis of improving HH facilities,chan-ging HCWs'awareness of HH only for self-protection may be an another way to improve HH compliance among HCWs.

0.05);however,the urine G-actin con-centrations were significantly higher in renal involved patients than those of non-renal involved patients(P0.05)in SLE patients.Conclusions The elevated G-actin concentration in the blood of SLE may inhibits the DNaseⅠactivity,which may be one of possible causes to render the decreased DNaseⅠactivity in the blood.

Purpose:To observe the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture for obesity polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Twenty-two cases of the patients with obesity PCOS were treated with electroacupuncture.Before and after the treatments.BMI and serum sex hormones were determined to compare the therapeutic effects.Resuits:In comparison between the Patients before and after the treatments,there were significant difierences(P＜0.05)in BMI and luteinizing hormone(LH),but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05)in follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and te:stosterone(T).Conclusion:The therapeutic efFect in electroacupuncture is obvious in loWering BMI and LH levels in PCOS patients.indicating that electroacupuncture is a new method in Chinese medicine for obesity PCOS.

Intestinal flora plays an important role in promoting digestion,maintaining intestinal physiological function and regulating immune system. In recent years,it is found that intestinal flora not only regulates intestinal activity,but also affects the brain function and behavior. Early studies have shown that changes in probiotics may lead to alteration in brain function and mood. Studying the influence of intestinal flora on brain function helps us to catch on the pathogenesis of mental disorders such as autism,and expand our comprehension on the mechanism of brain activity as well. This article reviewed the advances in study on affecting pathway of intestinal flora on brain.

Objective To study the occurrence of renal adverse reactions caused by cephalosporin antibiot-ics.Methods Reviewed 2000 -2014 Chinese medicine literature databaseadverse reaction under the cephalospo-rin antibiotics kidney damage caused by the reports,and the results were retrospectively analyzed.One by one to find and examine relevant literature,for which complete data of 52 papers in 182 cases of statistical analysis.Results In due to the use of cephalosporins and renal damage in 158 patients in neonates and the elderly accounted for the high-est proportion,respectively 26.58% and 22.78%.In addition,the statistical analysis found that the proportion of women(55.06%)was higher than men(44.94%),but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 =0.65,P >0.05).In the event of 158 patients with renal damage of adverse reactions to use of the third generation cephalospo-rins was most,accounted for 59.49% (94 /158 );The second was patients with first generation cephalosporin [(20.25%(32 /158)];The second generation box of the fourth generation cephalosporin use accounted for the smal-lest proportion,13.92%(22 /158),6.33%(10 /158).The statistical analysis showed that the third generation cepha-losporin use ratio was significantly higher than that of the first generation,the second and the fourth generation,the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =50.74,70.61,92.32,all P <0.05).Add up to of all cephalosporins involves 11,which lead to renal adverse reactions were the most three kinds of cephalosporins antibiotics were ceftazi-dime,cefoperazone /sulbactam,ceftriaxone,the three belong to the third generation cephalosporins.In 158 patients appeared in 132 cases of hematuria,accounted for 83.54%.The main clinical manifestations for the course of medica-tion appeared visible to the naked eye hematuria,and few patients had pain in the waist or abdominal pain.In addi-tion,there were 12 cases of acute renal failure accounted for 7.59%,including 7 cases of death.14 cases of patients with urinary retention occurred,which accounted for 8.86%.Among them,8 patients for the use of cefazolin 2 -4 days after appeared dysuria,all male,aged 45 -75 years old,prompt discontinuation of the drug,after symptomatic treatment returned to normal.In addition,6 patients had dysuria,abdominal distension and pain in the use of ceftezole and cefuroxime,after discontinuation of the drug,symptoms improved obviously.Conclusion The clinical use of head hold bacteria cephalosporins drugs,if indeed there is a sign to caution in the use of the drugs,for age,kidney function is not complete person should also reduce drugs or careful with these drugs.At the same time,we should according to the patients'condition and individual differences in selecting the right drugs,should not give with other nephrotoxic drugs such as non steroidal anti -inflammatory drug,cyclosporine,and in the use process should closely monitor the blood concentration of patients and detect at any time in urine and kidney function change,and strive to achieve the rational use of the head hold bacteria carotenoid drugs.

Aim To isolate the female-specific sequence of Schistosomajaponicum S. J. in order to provide a basis for researching vaccines of anti-fecundity. Methods Representational difference analysis (RDA) was used to obtain a female-specific sequence of S.j. by the male S.j. genomic DNA substractive hybridization with the female. The fragment was about 562bp. Results This sequence was labeled as Dig probe by PCR technique to hybridize with the restriction fragments of each sex and the tester as well as the driver on the nylon membranes.The antiboly of Dig、 NBT、 and X-phosphate solution were utilized to immunoassay the result of hybridization. The result showed that the probe can hybridize to the tester but can not hybridize to the driver. Conclusion The result suggested that the fragment of approx. 562bp was the female-specific sequence of Schistosoma japonicum.

BACKGROUND:Most end-stage renal failure patients must undergo hemodialysis before and after kidney transplantation.Noncompliance is common in patients who undergo hemodialysis,and it correlated with mortality.The improvement in self-management behavior is beneficial to the improvement of survival rate and quailty of life of hemodialysis patients.OBJECTIVE:To investigate and analyze the effect of nursing intervention on self-management behavior and health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients before and after kidney transplantation.DESIGN:A randomized and controlled analysis.SETTING:Department of Nursing and Hemodialysis Center,First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University.PARTICIPANTS:Forty-eight renal failure patients who underwent hemodialysis in the Hemodialysis Center,First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University between February and April 2006 were recruited in this study.The involved patients.including 29 males and 19 females,aged 22-77 years,able to read and write the questionnaires,voluntarily participated in this study.Written informed consents of treatments and investigation items were obtained from each patient.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital.The involved patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups with 24 patients in each:intervention group and control group.METHODS:Patients in the intervention group were given 6 months of nursing(i.e.according to actual conditions,each patient was given health education by handing out health promoting stuffs,giving individual or centralized guidance as well as other modalities).Patients in the control group were given routine health education.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Self-management behavior and health-related quality of life were assessed before,3 and 6 months after nursing intervention using self-management behavior questionnaire and short-form 36 health survey.RESULTS:Forty-eight patients who underwent hemodialysis participated in the final analysis.There were no significant differences in the total scores of self-management behavior questionnaire and short-form 36 health survey between intervention group and control group before and 3 months after nursing intervention(P＞0.05).Significant difference in the total scores of self-management behavior questionnaire and short-form 36 health survey existed in each group 6 months after nursing intervention in comparison with baseline(P＜0.01,0.05).The total scores of self-management behavior questionnaire of intervention group were significantly increased 6 months after nursing intervention in comparison with the baseline (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Nursing intervention markedly improve the self-management behavior and quailty of life of patients who undergo hemodialysis before and after kidney transplantation.

AIM　To study the structural characterization of an acidic polysaccharide, H3, isolated from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. METHODS　Both chemical (such as sugar component analysis, methylation analysis, reduction of uronic acid, partial acidic hydrolysis, etc.) and spectral analysis (1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR, etc.) were used to investigate the structural characterization of H3. RESULTS　The molecular weight of H3 was estimated to be more than 1.0×106. The analytical results of sugar components indicated that H3 composed of Rha, Ara, Gal, and Gal A. Methylation analysis, partial acidic hydrolysis and 1H, 13CNMR further identified the linkages and sequence of the residues of H3. CONCLUSION　These results suggest that H3 is a highly branched heteropolysaccharide with structure elucidation for the first time.

Objective To study the method and efficacy of repairing cup ear deformity.Methods The mild cup ears were corrected by V-Y advanced flaps and retroauricular flaps(seventeen ears),and the severe cup ears corrected by rotate composite flaps of concha auriculae and retroauricular flaps(six ears).The donor defects were sutured in place in seven cases and repaired by skin grafting in six cases.From March 2000 to November 2005,sixteen cases(twenty-three ears),eleven patients were male and five female,with age range from eight to thirty-six years,were treated by the procedures mentioned above.Among them,twelve cases were mild cupping(five bilateral ears) and four cases severe cupping(two bilateral ears).Results All flaps survived with primary healing after operation.Follow-up from six months to two years showed that all the patients had achieved satisfactory appearance of external ear and obvious improvement of contour of auricle and cavity of concha.Conclusion V-Y advanced flap and rotate composite flap are effective methods for the correction of cup ear deformity.The rational using of retroauricular flap and fixation of contour of auricle and cavity of concha are also the key points for the operation.