Objective:To investigate if there is difference about the parameters of acoustic analysis with the different vowe |a|、|i|、| | and decide which vowels is best fitted to the acoustic analysis. Method:40 normal and 130 pathologic voice patients accepted acoustic analysis. Each acoustic parameters such as jitter,shimmer、NNE、 SDF0、SNR were compared with different vowels. Result:Jitter、shimmer、NNE with |i| were much lower than that with |a| and | | in normal cases and light hoarseness group. While the acoustic parameters with |i| were much higher than that with |a| and | | in moderate and heavy hoarseness group. Conclusion: |a| and | | were the preferred vowels for normal and light hoarseness group,while the |i| could supply some useful suggestion for the moderate and heavy hoarse patients.

In eukaryotes,the cell(s) material exchange has long existed in its proliferation and apoptosis,while the exchange of nucleus and cytoplasm only through the shuttle movement of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). NPC in the nuclear membrane,achieves the protein,RNA and other substances's transport task through the shuttle movement between nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotes.Specific nuclear pore proteins regulate specific transport path,and because of this,the transport and regulation through the NPC is highly selective and coordination,so the NPC play an important role in gene expression,cell signaling networks and maintain the environment.Some of them will change the structure properties of membrane,affecting mitosis,and some can be combined with the kinase leading to abnormal biochemical reactions,or combined with other biological factors in angiogenesis,cell migration or apoptosis of cells leading to abnormal changes,and leading to tumorigenesis.

Plant extracts are kinds of important anticancer drugs.Anticancer drugs research has focused on several important plant extracts such as resveratrol,ricin,epigallocatechin-3-gallate,oridonin,juglone,quercetin,matrine,nordihydroguaiaretic acid.In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that their antitumor mechanisms including induction of apoptosis,cytotoxicity,induced redifferentiation,antiangiogesis,antiinvasion and anti-metastasis.Plant extracts have multi-link and multi-target.Part of them have been used in preclinical studies.In-depth study of the anti-tumor mechanisms of plant extracts on cancer treatment is important,and the full mechanism needs further study.

Objective To investigate whether cochlear hair cells occur apoptosis following kanamycin treatment in guinea pigs. Methods It was comprised of two groups of six animals each. Experiment group and control group were subjected to administration of kanamycin,im,400 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,and saline respectively for successive 10 days. One week later, animals were sacrificed. Left cochlea and right cochlea were taken for cochlea preparation and cochlea section respectively. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate(d-UTP) nick end-labling(TUNEL) method.Results Apoptosis was present in cochlear hair cells, supporting cells as well as marginal cells of stria vascularis except for the spiral ganglion cells in kanamycin treatment guinea pigs. No apoptosis was detected in control animals. Conclusion Apoptosis of cochlear cells play important role in kanamycin ototoxicity.

Objective To study the voice rest treatment after laryngomicrosurgery in patients with vocal fold polyps .Methods Eighty -five patients with vocal fold polyps were divided into two groups randomly :Group A (48 cases) and Group B ( 37 cases) ,receiving 1 or 2 weeks voice rest postoperation ,respectively .Vocal acoustic analy-sis and fiberlaryngoscopy were performed in all patients before the surgery and 1 ,2 ,3 and 4 weeks after surgery . Results When compared with the preoperative data ,there were no significant differences in jitter ,shimmer and NHR 1 week after surgery in patients of two groups (P>0 .05) .Two weeks after surgery ,all the parameters im-proved significantly in Group B(P<0 .05) ,but only jitter improved in Group A (P<0 .05) .All the data in two groups returned to normal 4 weeks after surgery .Laryngoscopic examination showed varying degrees of vocal fold hyperemia and edema one week after surgery ,which then gradually subsided and gone .At 4 weeks after surgery , the appearance of the operative vocal fold completely returned to normal .Conclusion Patients with vocal fold polyps should be treated with complete voice rest for 2 weeks after surgery ,followed by 2 weeks of relative voice rest .This is beneficial to the voice recovering and the wound healing .

Objective To study the changes and significance of the hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen in the larynx of old guinea pig.Methods Six young guinea pigs (4 months old) and 6 old guinea pigs (2 years old) were selected as control group and aged group for this study (n=6 for each)The expressions of HA and collagen in the larynx of guinea pigs were detected using Alcian blue and Masson trichrome methods,respectively.The images were managed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 For Window.Results The optical density (expression level) of HA in the larynx was lower in aged group than in control group (0.69 vs.0.80,F=13.45,P＜0.05).The optical density(expression level) of collagen in the larynx was higher in aged group than in control group (0.71 vs.0.63,F=9.56,P＜0.05).Conclusions The content of HA in larynx is decreased and collagen in larynx is increased in old guinea pig which may result in presbyphonia change through higher viscoelastic properties of vocal cords.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hypertonic seawater and isotonic seawater for nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice model, and explore the possible mechanism of nasal irrigation with seawater in treatment of allergic rhinitis. METHOD: We used Der pl to make allergic rhinitis model of BALB/c mice, and divided them into three groups randomly. Nasal irrigation with hypertonic seawater (HS) or isotonic seawater (IS) in the treatment group 1-14 days after modeling, and black control (BC) group was given no treatment after modeling. Normal control (NC) group was given no treatment, the number of rubs and sneezings in each group were counted in 30 min after the last nasal irrigation. Mice were then killed 24 h after the last therapy. The noses of mice from each group were removed and fixed, then the slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the others were observed by transmission electron microscope. RESULT: Mice with hypertonic seawater and isotonic seawater were significantly improved in rubs and sneezings compared to the black control group (P<0. 05); The number of eosinophiles in mucosal tissues of HS group and IS group had no significant difference with that of the black control group (P> 0. 05); Ciliated columnar epithelium cells in mucosal tissues of HS group and IS group were arranged trimly, better than that in the black control group. Morphology and microstructure in nasal mucosal of HS group was closer to the normal group than in IS group. CONCLUSION The injury of nasal mucosa ciliated epithelium was significantly improved by nasal irrigation with hypertonic seawater and isotonic seawater, and the former is better than the latter, the mechanism of nasal irrigation with seawater in treatment of allergic rhinitis may rely on repairing the injured nasal mucosa ciliated epithelium, thereby the symptoms of nasal was reduced.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nasal Lavage ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nose ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Seawater

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features of epistaxis in the posterior fornix of inferior meatus and its comprehensive treatment measures. METHOD: We collected and retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 212 cases of epistaxis hospitalized in our department, among which 23 cases were diagnosed as epistaxis in the posterior fornix of inferior meatus. They underwent nasal endoscopic exploration and coagulation surgery with one case under general anesthesia and the other 22 under local anesthesia. The bleeding from olfactory cleft, spheno-ethmoidal recess and the middle nasal meatus were excluded for all the patients during the surgery. After shifting the inferior turbinate inward by fracture, the active bleeding was found in the posterior fornix of inferior meatus, which was stopped immediately by bipolar coagulation. The areas of coagulation and nasal mucosa erosion were packed with nasopore after operation. RESULT: For all the patients, bleeding spots were definitely located during the operation and successfully coagulated. None of them suffered from recurrent-bleeding within 1 week postoperatively. Followed up for 6 to 12 months, there was no epstaxis recurrence or nasal cavity adhesion at the bled side in all patients. CONCLUSION For intractable epistaxis patient, after excluding the bleeding in olfactory cleft, sphenoethmoidal recess and the middle nasal meatus, it should be considered that the bleeding might come from posterior fornix of inferior meatus. It is the key point to thoroughly expose the posterior fornix of inferior meatus by shifting the inferior turbinate inward by fracture and explore for the bleeding spot carefully.
Adult ; Aged ; Epistaxis ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective: Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is protein that appears to play an important role in mammalian first-line host defense. The objective of this study was to immunolocalize SP-A in human sinonasal tissue. Method:Eleven cases of allergic rhinitis, fifteen cases of polyp and seven cases of normal middle turbinate were studied with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence method to detect the expression of SP-A. Result:The expression of SP-A in allergic rhinitis and polyp were dramatically higher than that in controls(P<0.05), and there was no remarkable difference in the expression of SP-A between allergic rhinitis and polyp(P>0.05). The result demonstrated that SP-A was positivly correlated with eosinophils within the basement membrane of epitheli-um(R=0.81,0.55). In the result of immunofluorescence, there was significantly higher expression SP-A in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyp than that in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:SP-A is likely to play key roles in the inflammatory reaction process of allergic rhinitis and polyp. Its secretion in the upper airway indicates that future studies may allow manipulation of this protein and development of novel treatments for sinonasal pathology.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway on the apoptosis of gastric cancer MKN28 cells and the possible mechanisms.Methods The specific sequence of PTEN was transfected to MKN28 cells by eukaryotic expression vector (transfection group),and then vacant vector (negative control group) and PBS (blank control group) were transfected to the MKN28 cells,respectively.The effects of PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway on the apoptosis of MKN28 cells and the expressions of PI3K,AKT,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were investigated.The growth curve and apoptosis of the MKN28 cells were detected by MTT assay and TUNEL staining,respectively,and the protein expression was detected by the Western blot.MKN28 cells which did not transfected by the PTEN were processed by inhibitor of PI3K (LY294002) (treated group),and MKN28 cells in the control group were processed by PBS.The expressions of apoptosis protein and apoptosis-related protein were detected after inhibition of PI3 K.All data were analyzed using the t test.Results The model of over-expression of PTEN was obtained and transfected into MKN28 cells.The survival of MKN28 cells in the transfection group was significantly inhibited in a time-dependant manner ( r =0.938,P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean apoptotic rate of the transfection rate was 27.86％ ± 4.78％,which was significantly higher than 0.01％ ± 0.01％ of the negative control group ( t =9.527,P ＜ 0.05 ).The protein expression of PI3K in the transfection group was 0.25 ± 0.03,which was significantly lower than 0.93 ± 0.16 of the blank control group and 0.96 ± 0.15 of the negative control group (t =7.235,8.883,P ＜ 0.05 ).The protein expression of P-AKT in the transfection group was 0.21 ± 0.03,which was significantly lower than 0.93 ± 0.13 of the blank control group and 0.91 ± 0.12 of the negative control group (t =9.347,9.802,P ＜ 0.05 ).The expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 of the transfection group were 0.86 ± 0.11 and 0.87 ± 0.12,which were significantly higher than 0.16 ± 0.03 and 0.18 ± 0.04 of the negative control group,and 0.15 ± 0.02 and 0.16 ± 0.03 of the blank control group ( t =10.634,10.999,9.448,9.942,P ＜0.05).The apoptotic rate of the MKN28 cells of the treated group was 28.60％ ± 4.50％,which was significantly higher than 0.12％ ± 0.06％ of the control group (t =10.961,P ＜ 0.05 ).The protein expression of PI3K and P-AKT of the treated group were 0.18 ± 0.02 and 0.11 ± 0.01,which were significantly lower than 0.93 ± 0.14 and 0.90 ± 0.12 of the control group (t =9.186,11.363,P ＜ 0.05 ).The protein expression of PTEN of the treated group was 1.15 ± 0.15,which was significantly higher than 0.21 ± 0.08 of the control group (t =9.577,P ＜ 0.05 ).The relative expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 of the treated group were 0.86 ± 0.12 and 0.88 ± 0.11,which were significantly higher than 0.25 ± 0.02 and 0.21 ± 0.03 of the control group (t =8.685,10.178,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Over-expression of PTEN may enhance the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway.Inhibition of PI3K can enhance the expression of PTEN.PI3K and PTEN regulate the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.