Objective To study the changes and significance of the hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen in the larynx of old guinea pig.Methods Six young guinea pigs (4 months old) and 6 old guinea pigs (2 years old) were selected as control group and aged group for this study (n=6 for each)The expressions of HA and collagen in the larynx of guinea pigs were detected using Alcian blue and Masson trichrome methods,respectively.The images were managed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 For Window.Results The optical density (expression level) of HA in the larynx was lower in aged group than in control group (0.69 vs.0.80,F=13.45,P＜0.05).The optical density(expression level) of collagen in the larynx was higher in aged group than in control group (0.71 vs.0.63,F=9.56,P＜0.05).Conclusions The content of HA in larynx is decreased and collagen in larynx is increased in old guinea pig which may result in presbyphonia change through higher viscoelastic properties of vocal cords.

Objective To study the voice rest treatment after laryngomicrosurgery in patients with vocal fold polyps .Methods Eighty -five patients with vocal fold polyps were divided into two groups randomly :Group A (48 cases) and Group B ( 37 cases) ,receiving 1 or 2 weeks voice rest postoperation ,respectively .Vocal acoustic analy-sis and fiberlaryngoscopy were performed in all patients before the surgery and 1 ,2 ,3 and 4 weeks after surgery . Results When compared with the preoperative data ,there were no significant differences in jitter ,shimmer and NHR 1 week after surgery in patients of two groups (P>0 .05) .Two weeks after surgery ,all the parameters im-proved significantly in Group B(P<0 .05) ,but only jitter improved in Group A (P<0 .05) .All the data in two groups returned to normal 4 weeks after surgery .Laryngoscopic examination showed varying degrees of vocal fold hyperemia and edema one week after surgery ,which then gradually subsided and gone .At 4 weeks after surgery , the appearance of the operative vocal fold completely returned to normal .Conclusion Patients with vocal fold polyps should be treated with complete voice rest for 2 weeks after surgery ,followed by 2 weeks of relative voice rest .This is beneficial to the voice recovering and the wound healing .

Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; economics ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Xiyanping injection versus Ribavirin injection in the treatment of herpangina in children,and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBase,VIP Database,CJFD,Wanfang Database and CBM,randomized controlled trials (RCT) about efficacy and safety of Xiyanping injection versus Ribavirin injection in the treatment of herpangina in children were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software after data extracting and quality evaluating by modified Jadad. RE-SULTS:Totally 14 RCTs were enrolled,involving 1 939 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed total effective rate [OR=4.69, 95%CI(3.36,6.55),P<0.001],fever clearance time [MD=-1.36,95% CI(-1.60,-1.12),P<0.001],herpes regression time [MD=-1.34,95%CI(-1.61,-1.06),P<0.001],hospitalization time [MD=-1.88,95% CI(-3.68,-0.07),P=0.04] and sali-vation disappearance time [MD=-1.07,95% CI(-1.30,-0.84),P<0.001] of Xiyanping injection were significantly better than Ribavirin injection,there were statistically significant differences. And there was no significant difference in the incidence of ad-verse reactions [OR=0.56,95% CI(0.31,1.03),P=0.06]. CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of Xiyanping injection is better than Rib-avirin injection in the treatment of herpangina in children,with similar safety.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of Ibudilast on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with steroid resistant allergic rhinitis.METHODS A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study was carried out with Ibudilast in 66 patients with the steroid resistant allergic rhinitis.QOL was measured with Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire (Chinese version).Ibudilast (10rag twice daily,34 patients),placebo (32 patients) was given for 3 weeks. The SF-36 questionnaire was administered at the start of treatment and after 3 weeks of treatment.Sings and Symptom-medication scores were measured daily during the study.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the Ibudilast and placebo group in terms of sings and symptoms or QOL scores before study.After 3 weeks of treatment,symptoms scores were significantly decreased and QOL scores significantly improved in the Ibudilast group compared with those in placebo group (both P

Objective To evaluate the changes in sagittal profiles and complications during treatment with growing rods (GRs) in hyperkyphotic early-onset scoliosis (EOS).Methods From December 2009 to December 2016,a total of 32 EOS patients who received growing rods treatment in our center,including 8 males and 24 females,were reviewed retrospectively.All the patients had minimum 2-year follow-up and over 2 lengthenings.Based on the reference value of thoracic kyphosis (TK) in T2-12 of normal children,the patients were categorized into an N group (20°≤TK≤50°,15 cases,4 males and 11 females) or K group (TK≥50°,17 cases,4 males and 13 females).The distribution of etiology was similar between the two groups.The average age was (6.2±2.0) years and (6.3±2.3) years respectively,curve flexibility was 34.6％± 10.4％ and 35.8％± 11.2％ before surgery.The precontoured rods were tunneled submuscularly,connecting proximal and distal anchors,and tandem or domino connectors.The rods were then locked after applying direct distraction that allowed appropriate elongation.The connectors were all placed under the deep fascia.Results The mean follow-up in the N and K groups was (5.5±1.9) years and (5.5±2.1) years,respectively.The distribution of proximal and distal anchors was similar between the two groups.The N and K groups,respectively,had an average number of lengthenings of 5.1±2.0 and 5.3±2.3,with mean lengthening intervals of (11.3±2.3) months and (10.9±1.9) months,respectively.In the N group,TK was decreased from 36.0°±9.4° to 30.6°±.8.3° after surgery,and to 32.2°±7.8° at the last follow-up,demonstrating it was maintained within the normal range.In the K group,TK was markedly reduced from 67.6°±11.6° to 41.7°±8.7° after the index surgery,with a correction rate of 38.3％± 14.6％,and the difference was statistically significant.And then it slightly increased to 46.5°±8.4° at the last follow-up,with correction loss of 7.1％±4.2％,and the difference was not statistically significant compared with the postoperatiom.The complication rate in the K group was significantly higher than in the N group (76.5％ vs.33.3％,P=0.031).The most common implant-and alignment-related complication in both groups was rod fracture (15.6％) and proximal junctional kyphosis (21.9％),respectively.The incidence of rod fracture in the N group and K group was 6.7％ and 23.5％,respectively.And the incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis was noted as 13.3％ and 29.4％ in the N group and K group,respectively.Proximal junctional angle (PJA) in the K group was greater than that in the N group preoperatively,postoperatively and at the last follow-up.Moreover,the increasing amount of PJA was significantly greater in the K group compared to the N group (1.6°± 1.0° vs.0.7°±0.8°).Four and seven complication events in the N and K groups,respectively,were evaluated with Grade Ⅰ.Four and seven complication events in the N and K groups,respectively,were classified as Grade Ⅱ A.Conclusion GRs can effectively restore the sagittal profile in hyperkyphotie EOS patients,but with a higher complication rate compared to the patients with normal kyphosis.

Objective:To evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of pre-operative Halo-gravity traction (HGT) and posterior correction surgery in treating patients with neurological deficits secondary to severe focal angular kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine.Methods:A total of 16 patients (11 males, 5 females) with neurologic deficits secondary to severe focal angular kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine undergoing preoperative HGT and posterior correction operation from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age was 12.9±5.6 years (range 6-27 years). The standing X-ray of whole spine was taken at pre-, post-traction and post-operation. The Cobb angles of main curve at both sagittal and coronal planes were measured accordingly. The neurologic function at pre-traction, post-traction and post-operation was assessed according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading. The complications during HGT, operation and post-operative follow-up were recorded for each patient.Results:The average values of focal kyphosis and scoliosis were 96.1°±16.0° (71°-128°) and 75.5°±20.5° (40°-107°) at pre-traction respectively. The spinal cord function graded by ASIA criteria at pre-traction was B in 1 patient, C in 6 and D in 9, respectively. The correction rates of focal kyphosis and scoliosis were 32.8%±15.0% (18.0%-65.9%) and 22.9%±8.0% (14.1%-38.6%) after traction, which were further improved to 45.4%±14.9% (29.0%-69.0%) and 33.6%±8.6% (23.3%-49.3%) at post-operation without significant correction loss during 35.6±14.2 (24-72) months follow-up. After traction, the spinal cord function improved to grade D in 4 patients and grade E in 12 patients. At the last follow-up, the spinal cord functions were grade E in 15 patients and grade C in 1 patient. No neurologic monitor events occurred during operation. One patient suffered from transient left brachial plexus after operation. Further, proximal hook loosening was observed in 2 patients during follow-up. The spinal cord function was ASIA grade C pre-operatively in one patient, who recovered to ASIA grade E after operation and significantly deteriorated to ASIA C at 4 years follow-up.Conclusion:The correction of spinal kyphoscoliosis was satisfactory in this cohort. Preoperative HGT followed by posterior spinal correction surgery is an effective and safe procedure in treating neurological deficits secondary to focal angular kyphosis in the upper thoracic spine.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of individualized subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in allergic rhinitis(AR) maintain phase. METHOD: Compare nasal symptom scores (VAS) and special disease scale--nasal conjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire(RQLQ) score after 3 years treatment to evaluate the therapeutic effect of each group and the level of improving patients quality of life. Take patients' blood to detect the serum level of IL-10 by enzyme linked immunosorbent test (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). RESULT: After 3 years treatment, there was no difference of VAS between the conventional SCIT group and the individualized SCIT group. ELISA results showed that the level of IL-10 was significantly higher in the drug symptomatic treatment group than that in the healthy group, the levels of IL-10 were significantly lower in the conventional SCIT group and the individualized SCIT group than that in the healthy group, but there was no difference between the conventional SCIT and the individualized SCIT group. CONCLUSION After 3 years treatment, there was no difference between conventional and individualized SCIT groups. But the efficacy of the conventional and individualized SCIT groups were significantly better than that in the drug symptomatic treatment group.
Desensitization, Immunologic ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Precision Medicine ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To establish the rat model of depression and observe its morphological changes and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in nasal mucosal. METHOD: Thirty SD rats were divided into depression model group and normal controls with 15 rats in each group. The rat depression model were made by application of chronic unforeseeable medium stress stimulating. Behavior change were observed with open box experiment(open field) and humoral consumption-experiments (sucrose consumption), After being sacrificed, the nasal mucosal were taken for HE and NGF immunohistochemical study. The difference of nasal mucosal NGF protein between two groups were examined with medical digital image analysis technology. RESULT: There were no swelling and inflammatory cells infiltrating in nasal mucosal of normal group, but 53% nasal mucosal of depression model were observed such morphological changes. Th NGF immunohistochemical staining were negative in normal group but positive in 53% depression model group. There were significant differences between two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Depression rats may appear rhinitis symptoms under long-term stress stimulating. NGF may exert immunoregulatory effects, stimulate the immune cell proliferation and gathering, induce various media release, increase the sensitivity of nerve fibers itself and the producing of neuropeptide, promote the formation of nerve source inflammation and increase the reactivity of nasal mucosa.
Animals ; Depressive Disorder ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristic of chronic paranasal sinusitis CT scans and discuss the relationship between the anatomic variations in ostiomeatal complex (OMC) and the incidence of chronic sinusitis. METHOD: One hundred and ninety-seven cases diagnosis as sinusitis were selected and analyzed,whose age ranged between 4 and 74 years old. Several common anatomical abnormalities in ostiomeatal complex were evaluated through the observation of the coronal and axial plane CT scans of the paranasal sinusitis. RESULT: The incidence of anatomic variations in OMC concentrated in the age between 11-20. The incidence of chronic sinusitis also concentrated in the age between 11-20. Deviation of nasal septum, uncinate variations, inferior-turbinate hypertrophy were observed between the chronic sinusitis group and the none chronic sinusitis group,the correlation between deviation of nasal septum, uncinate variations, inferior-turbinate hypertrophy and chronic sinusitis were significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The occurrence of OMC variation is common. The anatomic variations may be one of the causes of chronic paranasal sinusitis, especially deviation of nasal septum, uncinate variations and inferior-turbinate hypertrophy. If these abnormalities were altered,it will have a great significance for the preservation and treatment of chronic paranasal sinusitis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Septum ; diagnostic imaging ; Paranasal Sinuses ; diagnostic imaging ; Sinusitis ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Young Adult