Objective To investigate the prevention and management of severe bleeding during gynecological operations. Methods A retrospective study of 85 505 gynecological operations from 21 hospitals in China during the period of 1990 1999 was analyzed. Results There were 683 cases with bleeding more than 1 000 ml during surgery, an incidence of 0 80% (range 0 07%～6 98%). Operation for removal of malignant ovarian tumor was the commonest cause of severe bleeding (42 31%); followed by cervical carcinoma (28 71%); endometrial carcinoma (16 11%). Only 6 transvaginal surgeries (0 88%) had severe bleeding. The most common site of bleeding was massive oozing from the raw wound surface, then the paracervical area (15 7%), around sacral ligament (12 14%). Conclusions Advanced malignant tumors, tumors located at retroperitoneal or with extensive adhesion were the main causes of profuse bleeding during operation. Good surgical skill and well understanding of the pelvic anatomy are the basic key points for surgeons, and a supportive anesthesia is also important in reducing hemorrhage during operations. Once bleeding occurs, to stop the bleeding accurately and promptly by pressing, clamping, and suturing, and internal iliac artery ligation may be needed occasionally. Special attention should be paid to the hemostasis of the venous plexus of pelvic floor.

Objective To study the effect of thalidomide(Thd) used alone and in combination with cytoxan (CTX) on the growth and angiogenesis of human ovarian cancer transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Methods Human ovarian cancer model transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice was established, and divided into 3 groups: control group, Thd group, and Thd+CTX group.Tumor volume and weight,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) mRNA, VEGF protein, microvascular density(MVD) were detected. The level of VEGF mRNA in tumor tissue was determined by relative quantative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. VEGF protein level in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MVD was calculated by immunohistochemistry. Results (1)Tumor volumes in Thd group and Thd+CTX group were smaller than those in control group(P

The Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology International Workshop 2014 on gynecologic oncology was held in Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea on the 23rd to 24th August 2014. A total of 179 participants from 17 countries participated in the workshop, and the up-to-date findings on the management of gynecologic cancers were presented and discussed. This meeting focused on the new trends in the management of cervical cancer, fertility-sparing management of gynecologic cancers, surgical management of gynecologic cancers, and recent advances in translational research on gynecologic cancers.
Female ; Fertility Preservation/methods ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/*therapy ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy ; Translational Medical Research/methods ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy