Objective To provide evidence for the rational use of antibiotics.Methods Analyze on the results of pathogen detec-tion and antibiotic susceptibility tests for the patients in the hospital from January 2013 to December 2013.Results There were 2 111 strains of pathogenic bacteria detected in 2013,among which the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 75.5%(1 594/2 111). The main species were Klebsiella pneumonia,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Enterobacter cloacae,Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa,Klebsiella oxytoca.Gram-positive bacteria accounted for for 20.3%(428/2 111),the main species of which were Streptococcus pneumonia,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.There were 89 strains of fungi,which accoun-ted for 4.2%(89/2 111).The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae′s drug resistance to 13 kinds of anti-biotics were all less than 25.00%.Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed highly resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics while sensitive to Cefperazone-Sulbactam.The antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria to macrolide were greater than 70% while that to Vancomycin was 0.0%.Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were highly re-sistant to penicillin.Conclusion The monitoring of bacterial resistance in hospital contributes to the rational use of antibiotics and avoiding the formation and spread of drug-resistant strains.

Objective To explore the risk factors for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)caused by Candidain a hospital.Methods 64 patients with healthcare-associated(HA)Candidainfection in a hospital between January 201 1 and October 2013 were selected as case group,and 64 patients without HACandidainfection during the same period were as control group,clinical data of two groups of patients were analyzed.Results The mainCandidacau-sing HAI were Candidaalbicans(68. 75% ),followed by Candidatropicalis(15. 62% ),Candidaglabrata (9.38% )andCandidakrusei(6.25% ).The major infection sites were respiratory tract(67.19% ),urinary tract (18.75% )and digestive tract(10.94% ). Univariate analysis showed the risk factors for HA Candidainfection were age,length of hospital stay,diabetes,and malignant tumor and so on;multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that important risk factors for HACandidainfection were age(OR95% CI:2.57-33.67),length of hospi-tal stay(OR95% CI:2.17-25.37),malignant tumor(OR95% CI:1.04-15.23),chemotherapy(OR95% CI:1.76-20.63),and use of respirator(OR95% CI:4.67-96.37).Conclusion Risk factors for HACandidainfection are complicated,in order to reduce the incidence of HA Candidainfection,risk factors should be considered,and preventive measures according to risk factors should be made.

OBJECTIVEThis research aimed to detect the expression levels of ffh gene in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) UA159 under different pH conditions, analyze the effect of pH on the expression of ffh gene in S. mutans, and identify the factors regulating the ffh gene expression.

METHODSSamples of S. mutans were collected at different growth stages (4 h, 18 h) and pH values (pH 4.0-7.0). Fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the relative mRNA expression and trend of the target gene ffh in S. mutans at different growth stages and pH values.

RESULTSqRT-PCR results showed that the ffh gene expression decreased along with pH at 4 h, but the expression increased with decreasing pH at 18 h. Under the same pH conditions, the ffh gene expression was significantly different between 4 h and 18 h (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGrowth stage and pH value influenced the ffh gene expression in S. mutans.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of palmaris longus tendon (PLT) and iliotibial tract fascia graft (ITFG) for coracoclavicular ligament (CCL) reconstruction combined with hook plate fixation in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of 68 patients with ACJ dislocation of Rockwood type Ⅲ and above who had been treated in our department with CCL reconstruction using PLT or ITFG in addition to hook plate fixation from January 2008 to January 2014.They were 57 males and 11 females,with an average age of 36.1 years (range,from 19 to 55 years).The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their grafts used in CCL reconstruction:36 cases in PLT group and 32 in ITFG group.They were firstly treated with CCL reconstruction followed by hook plate fixation.The hook plates were removed at 6 months after operation.The acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular distances were measured on the postoperative anteroposterior radiographs of the injured shoulders.The outcomes were assessed at the final follow-ups according to Constant-Murley shoulder score and Karlsson criteria.The 2 groups were compatible without significant differences in preoperative general data (P ＞ 0.05).Results The 68 patients were followed up for an average of 18 months (range,from 16 to 22 months).The acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular distances measured in PLT group at 12 months after operation were significantly larger than those measured in ITFG group (P ＜ 0.05).At the final follow-ups,the Constant-Murley shoulder score (92.1 ±7.2) and Karlsson excellent to good rate (83.3％,30/36) in ITFG group were insignificantly higher than those in TIR group (88.3 ± 9.8;81.3％,26/32) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of ACJ dislocation of Rookwood type Ⅲ and above,CCL reconstruction using ITFG may lead to better radiographic outcomes than that using PLT,though the 2 grafts lead to similar functional recovery of the injured shoulders.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of glucocorticoid in the management of olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with nasal polyposis. METHOD: The published studies of the effectiveness of glucocorticoid in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis were searched in the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, Springer and CNKI databases(from the date of establishment of the databases to December 2014). The trails selection based on inclusion criteria and the quality of the included studies was assessed and meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5. 3 software. RESULT: A total of 5 trials involving 325 patients were included. The Meta-analysis showed that oral glucocorticoid showed more significant improvement in subjective olfaction scores compared to placebo [SMD = -2.22, 95% CI (-3.94 - -0. 49), P < 0.05], oral glucocorticoid also showed significant improvement in objective olfaction scores compared to placebo [SMD = 0.65, 95% CI (0.28-1.01), P < 0.05]. But subsequent use of nasal glucocorticoid had no impact on subjective and objective olfaction scores [SMD = -2.15, 95% CI (-5.67-1.38), P > 0.05], [SMD = 0.28, 95% CI (-0.08-0.64) P > 0.05]. CONCLUSION According to current evidence, oral glucocorticoid can significantly improve subjective and objective olfaction among patients with CRSwNP, but nasal glucocorticoid cannot improve subjective or objective olfaction dysfunction.
Chronic Disease ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; drug therapy ; Sinusitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Smell ; drug effects

Objective:To observe any effect of combining low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with interactive virtual scenario training on the recovery of upper limb motor function after a stroke.Methods:Ninety stroke survivors were randomly divided into a pseudo-rTMS group, an rTMS group and a combination group, each of 30. In addition to basic medication, conventional rehabilitation and nursing care, the pseudo-rTMS, rTMS and combination groups received either sham rTMS treatment, 1Hz rTMS or virtual situational interaction along with 1Hz rTMS 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Before and after the 4 weeks their motor evoked potentials, cortical latency and central motor conduction time were measured, and surface electromyography was applied to the affected biceps brachii and triceps brachii. Meanwhile, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment and the modified Barthel index were employed to assess the degree of neurological deficit, upper extremity motor function and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL).Results:After the 4-week intervention, a significant improvement was observed in all of the outcome measurements with all three groups. At that time the average scores of the rTMS group were significantly better than the pseudo-rTMS group′s averages but the average scores of the combination group were significantly better than those of either of the other two groups.Conclusion:Repeated application of low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with virtual scenario interactive training can effectively improve the upper limb motor function and ADL performance of stroke survivors, and relieve the symptoms of neurological deficit. The combined therapy is worthy of application in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the ameliorating effect of salidroside(SAL)on cisplatin(CIS)-induced damages of cochlear hair cells(CHC)and spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs)and its relationship with cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)/cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)pathway.Methods The cochlear basilar membranes of newborn C 57BL/6 mice were isolated and separated into control(C)group,CIS group,SAL group,SAL+SQ22536(cAMP inhibitor)group and SAL+H-89(PKA inhibitor)group,20 per group.Immunofluorescence staining was applied to observe the damages of CHC and SGNs.The kits were applied to detect the contents of ROS and cAMP in the basement membrane of the cochlea.Western blot was applied to detect the protein levels of PKA,p-CREB,CREB,Bcl-2,BDNF,and NF-M.Results CHC in CIS group were disorderly arranged and enlarged in size,SGNs had fragmented nuclei and lost neurites.SAL alleviated the damages of CHC and SGNs.Compared with the C group,the numbers of CHC and SGNs in the CIS group were less(P＜0.05),the contents of ROS and cAMP,and the levels of PKA,BDNF,NF-M,Bcl-2 proteins and p-CREB/CREB were higher(P＜0.05).Compared with the CIS group,the numbers of CHC and SGNs in the SAL group were higher(P＜0.05),the content of ROS was lower(P＜0.05),the content of cAMP,and the levels of PKA,BD-NF,NF-M,Bcl-2 proteins and p-CREB/CREB were higher(P＜0.05).Both SQ22536 and H-89 reversed the pro-tective effects of SAL on CHC and SGNs.Conclusion SAL may promote the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and neuroprotective factors by activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway to alleviate the damages of CHC and SGNs caused by CIS.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate culturing neural stem cells (NSCs) from rat embryos in vitro and to observe their growth and differentiation. METHOD: NSCs were isolated from hippocampus of SD rat embryos (P16-P18) and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing EGF, bFGF, B27. To observe process of cell proliferation by microscope and identify cell types by immunocytochemical analyses after differentiation. RESULT: NSCs grew well in serum-free conditional medium and their cell bodies present transparent with good refraction at about eighth day. After differentiation, the cells demonstrated NSE and GFAP immunoreactive. CONCLUSION NSCs were cultured well in serum-free conditional medium and they could be induced to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes in serum conditional medium.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; embryology ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND:Scaffold materials serve as platforms that provide space and structure,playing a crucial role in the regeneration of cartilage tissue.Scholars from around the world are exploring different approaches to fabricate more ideal scaffold materials. OBJECTIVE:To review the design principles and preparation methods of cartilage scaffolds,and to further explore the advantages and limitations of various preparation methods. METHODS:Literature searches were conducted on the databases of CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed,and FMRS from 1998 to 2023.The search terms were"cartilage repair,cartilage tissue engineering,cartilage scaffold materials,preparation"in Chinese and English.A total of 57 articles were ultimately reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The articular cartilage has a unique structure and limited self-repair capacity after injury.Even if self-repair occurs,the newly formed cartilage is typically fibrocartilage,which is far inferior to normal articular cartilage in terms of structure and mechanical properties.It is difficult to maintain normal function and often leads to degenerative changes.Currently,the design and fabrication of scaffold materials for cartilage repair need to consider the following aspects:biocompatibility and biodegradability,suitable pore structure and porosity,appropriate mechanical properties,and bioactivity.(2)Research on the preparation of cartilage scaffolds has made significant progress,continuously introducing new preparation methods and optimization strategies.These methods have their advantages and disadvantages,providing more possibilities for customized preparation and functional design of cartilage scaffolds according to specific requirements.

Objective To explore the signs of consistent changes of intestinal flora in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetes kidney disease (DKD) patients, by studying the key change characteristics of intestinal flora in these patients. Methods Thirty patients with T2DM,twenty-five patients with DKD were involved. Thirty healthy patients with matching age and sex were also involved as the control group. Fecal and serum specimens were collected from both the study group and the control group. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the 16S rDNA-v4 region of fecal samples;interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected by electrochemical luminescence and immunoturbidimetry. Microbiome analysis software QIIME (v1.9.1) was used to analyze the composition and diversity of intestinal flora. Microbial diversity analysis software LEfSe was used to compare intestinal bacteria markers differences between the study group and the healthy control group. The diagnosis model was established by the random forest method. The change characteristics of intestinal flora function were predicted by the PICRUSt. Results The intestinal flora diversity of DM and DKD patients was significantly different from that of the healthy control group (P<0.05). T2DM and DKD patients harbored lots of similar changes. For example, there was a significant decrease in Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia and Coprococcus(P<0.05). However, there was also a disease-specific pattern of imbalance between the two disease. There was a significant increase in Bacteroides in T2DM patients, and in Lactobacillus, Slackia, Anaerotruncus,Haemophilus and Enterococcus in DKD patients. Functional prediction was also confirmed that T2DM and DKD patients had more consistent changes. The correlation analysis between serum inflammatory indicators of T2DM and DKD and bacteria suggested that the decrease of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of T2DM and DKD patients may be the cause of the increase of serum inflammatory indicators. Conclusion T2DM and DKD patients harbored lots of similar changes in intestinal flora, a decrease of bacteria producing butyrate,but there was also a disease-specific change between the two disease,providing a data basis for further studies to evaluate the risk of nephropathy in patients with diabetes by intestinal flora .