Objectives To explore a better inhibitory effect of concentration and time of Celastrol on migration of HepG2 cells. Methods HepG2 cells were planted and cultured in 6-well plates. When the adherent cell density reached 70%-80%, cell migration was manufactured by scratch experiment model. Then, cell morphology and cell migration were observed under microscope with different concentrations of Celastrol 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.01μmol/L and DMSO at 0, 6, 12, 24 h. They were pictured and rates of cell migration and inhibition ratios of all groups were calculated. Results Celastrol inhibited HepG2 cell migration, and its inhibitory effect on the migration velocity was concentration-dependent in a certain range. The higher the concentration of Celastrol, the stronger effect is. Celastrol of the same concentration at different times had different inhibitory effect on cell migrationof HepG2 cells (P<0.05). Celastrol of different concentrations at the same time had different inhibitory effects on cell migration of HepG2 cells (P<0.05);Celastrol of high concentration cause dsevere changes in the cell morphology. Conclusion Celastrol of high concentration causes changes in the cell morphology and cell apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Celastrol inhibits HepG2 cell migration, which is dependent on the concentration and action time. The inhibitory effect of Celastrol on HepG2 cell migration is most obvious under final concentration of 5μmol/L at 6 h.

Objective: To dynamically observe the progression of chronic gastritis to gastric cancer (GC) in disease-traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern rats to provide data for understanding the disease pro-gression and effective approaches for drug screening and mechanism exploration.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (n=96, half female and half male) and model (n = 336, half female and half male) groups. Model rats received free access to N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (120μg/mL), sodium deoxycholate (20 mmol/L), and alcohol (45％), and were subjected to intermittent fasting. Mortality rate, body weight, water consumption, food intake, gastric pathology, blood content analysis, and liver and kidney function of model rats were dynamically monitored over 30 weeks. In the 30th week, pattern characteristics were assessed. Gastric pathology and pattern charac-teristics were observed for an additional 8 weeks to evaluate stability. Results: The overall mortality of the model group was 34.82％(33.10％for females and 36.55％for males) at 30 weeks post-intervention. Inflammatory cell infiltration, glandular atrophy, atypical hyperplasia, and GC manifested successively in the gastric mucosa of rats. In model rats, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine intake was lower in males than in females, whereas pathological changes in the gastric mucosa occurred earlier in females than in males. Notably, gastric mucosal lesions were more severe in males than in females. Our modeling methods maintained stable gastric mucosal lesions for at least 8 weeks after final intervention. The pattern characteristics observed in model rats at the 30th and 38th week were consistent with those of spleen deficiency, blood stasis, and yin deficiency pattern. Blood content and indexes of liver and kidney function in the model group were normal. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence for the pathological stages underscoring the progression of chronic gastritis to GC in disease-TCM pattern rats, which may facilitate development of relevant pharmacotherapies.

Objective To explore the evolvement rule of TCM syndrome types of the transformation of chronic gastritis (CG):from chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG),chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) to precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma (PLGC).Methods Based on gastroscopy and gastrobiop-sy,altogether 592 patients included from three hospitals affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medi-cine Dongzhimen Hospital,(Dongfang Hospital and Third affiliated Hospital)and Wangjing hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2013 to February 2014,were diagnosed with CNAG (338 cases),CAG (134 cases)and PLGC (120 cases).By using Epidata 3.1 the database was established,then principal component analysis,factor analysis and Chi-square test were conducted by using software SPSS 17.0.Results There were nine common syndrome types in CNAG,and the three leading ones were syndrome of incoordination between spleen and stomach,syndrome of heat-stag-nation in liver and stomach,syndrome of incoordination between liver and stomach.There were ten syn-drome types in CAG,and the highest frequency was syndrome of incoordination between liver and stom-ach,then syndrome of static blood in stomach collaterals and syndrome of deficient cold of spleen and stomach.The highest frequency of three syndrome of ten in PLGC were syndrome of yin deficiency in stomach,syndrome of yang deficiency in stomach and syndrome of static blood in stomach collaterals. The frequencies of location factors of CNAG from high to low were stomach,liver and spleen,the same as those of CAG;the frequencies of nature factors from high to low were qi stagnation,heat,qi deficiency, dampness and yang deficiency,which were some different from those of CAG being qi stagnation,heat, yang deficiency,dampness,blood stasis,yin deficiency and qi deficiency.With the disease progression, the frequencies of location factors of PLGC from high to low were stomach,spleen and liver,while those of nature factors were heat,yang deficiency,yin deficiency,qi stagnation,blood stasis,dampness,and qi deficiency.The distributions of location factors as well as nature factors were significantly different dur-ing the whole procedure of CG progression,CNAG,CAG and finally PLGC.Conclusion During the procedure of:CNAG turned into CAG and into PLGC in the end,the evolvement characteristic of “sthe-nia transforming into asthenia and appearing yin deficiency and blood stasis gradually”was found.

Objective To summarize the basic characteristics of fecal class Chinese medicines in modern clinical practice, and to find out the application of them in ancient prescriptions. Methods Taking“fe-ces”(Chinese:粪便;pinyin:fènbiàn) and “Chinese medicines”(Chinese: 中药; pinyin: zhōngyào) as the keywords, we searched CNKI, Wangfang, CQVIP and CBM databases of relevant articles pub-lished since the time of establishment. Then the fecal class Chinese medicines were screened. What we obtained were where the official names came from, what their alternative names were at different times, which creatures they were excreted from, what property and flavor, meridian tropism, efficacy and indi-cations they had. Furthermore, we searched the ancient prescriptions involving fecal class Chinese medi-cines using the database platform of Dictionary of Chinese Medicine Prescriptions, institute of Chinese Materia Medical of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences to get the common compatibility and po-tential rules of clinical application. Results Total eleven fecal class Chinese were common used in mod-ern clinical practice, which were recorded in various monographs of Chinese medicine by numerous names, and were excreted from birds, mammals and worm. The nature of the medicines were hot or cold;the flavor coved sour, bitter, sweet, bitter, salty; the meridian tropism lied in meridian of liver ( gall bladder) ,heart ( cardiac ) , spleen ( stomach ) , lung ( intestine ) and kidney ( bladder ); the various effects were listed as the following: resolving superficies, clearing heat, dispelling pathogenic wind and removing dampness, resolving stagnation, expelling blood stasisfor removing obstruction in collaterals, re-moving phlegm, relieving cough, calming endogenous wind, inducing resuscitation, removing toxicity, destroying parasites, relieve itching, eliminating necrotic tissues and promoting granulation. In addition, we extracted relevant 1 550 relevant prescriptions containing the eleven medicines which had the internal pharmaceutical compatibility and association rules. Conclusion The application of fecal class Chinese medicines has a long history. The further study and innovating application will be much of value of re-search and application in the intestinal microecology and the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

Objective To establish a stable rat model of non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with clinical characteristics.Methods Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)was used to establish a PCOS rat model by subcutaneous injection.Three-week-old female SD rats were divided into a normal group,6 mg/kg DHEA model group,and 60 mg/kg DHEA model group.The model groups were subcutaneously injected with the corresponding dose of DHEA daily,while the normal group was subcutaneously injected with glycerol daily for 21 consecutive days.The model was evaluated with ovarian histopathology as the gold standard to determine the optimal dosage of DHEA to induce a PCOS rat model.On this basis,the optimal DHEA modeling dose was selected,and stop and continue modeling groups were set up to observe the model for 28 days and evaluate its maintenance.The stop modeling group was no longer given DHEA,and the continued modeling group was subcutaneously injected with 60 mg/kg DHEA every 48 h.The evaluation indicators included body mass,estrous cycle,fasting blood glucose,serum insulin,histopathologic morphology of the ovaries,and serum sex hormone levels.Results(1)Compared with the normal group,the 6 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg DHEA model groups showed no significant difference in body mass,and their estrous cycles were irregular.There were more cystically dilated large follicles in the ovaries;fewer mature follicles;reduced layers of granulosa cells,which were arranged in a sparse and disorganized manner;and fewer lutea in the 6 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg DHEA model groups than the normal group.Furthermore,serum T and E2 levels were significantly higher in the 60 mg/kg DHEA model group(P＜0.05)than the normal group.(2)The stop modeling group(A2 group)resumed regular estrous cycles after 2 weeks,various growth follicles and corpora lutea were observed in the ovarian tissues,the number of cystic follicles was reduced,the number of granulosa cell layers increased,mature follicles were visible,oocyte morphology was locally intact,and the levels of E2 and AMH were reduced compared with the normal group(A1 group)(P＜0.05).(3)The continue model group(B2 group)was in the late stage of estrous cycle for a long period,and there were more large follicles with cystic dilatation,fewer mature follicles,fewer layers of granulosa cells with a sparse and disordered arrangement,and significantly fewer corpus lutea in the ovaries compared with the normal group(B1 group).The levels of serum LH,LH/FSH,and T were elevated(P＜0.05).Conclusions Subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg DHEA for 21 consecutive days can be used to successfully construct a non-obese PCOS rat model that possesses clinical characteristics.Subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg DHEA every 48 hours maintains the stability of the model.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the clinical experience of four sessions of Masters of Traditional Chinese Medicine and two sessions of National Famous Chinese Medicine Practitioners in treating ulcerative colitis （UC）. Data mining and analysis were conducted to clarify the diagnosis and treatment ideas and characteristics of prescription used by these famous doctors in treating UC. MethodsRelevant literature on the treatment of UC by renowned doctors was retrieved from the establishment of the database until March 31， 2023. The literature was collected from databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database， and China Biomedical Literature Database. The data mining techniques including frequency analysis， association rules， and cluster analysis were conducted using the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform V2.3.5. ResultsA total of 157 literatures were included in this study， including 115 clinical case data. The study found that UC can be categorized into 14 types of syndrome patterns for treatment， including large intestine dampness-heat syndrome （75，65.22%）， syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency （23， 20.00%）， spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome （21， 18.26%）. The main affected organs were the spleen （85， 73.91%） and large intestine （75， 65.22%）， and they were closely related to liver （24， 20.87%） and the kidney （21， 18.26%）. The predominant pathogenic factors were dampness （83， 72.17%） ， heat （80， 69.57%） and qi deficiency （65， 56.52%）. The treatment involved 30 kinds of treatment methods， including heat-clearing and dampness-draining method （75， 65.22%）， pleen-tonifying and qi-boosting method （25，21.74%） and spleen-invigorating and dampness-transforming method （23， 20.00%）. The medication involved 187 ingredients， with the most commonly used being heat-clearing herbs （37， 19.79%） and tonifying herbs （27， 14.44%）. The tastes of the herbs were mostly sweet （85， 45.45%） ， bitter （80， 42.78%） ， and pungent （71， 37.97%）. The association rules revealed 16 high-frequency combinations mainly composed of Huanglian （黄连）， Baishao （白芍） and Gancao （甘草） along with Baizhu （白术）， Fuling （茯苓）， Muxiang （木香） and Danggui （当归）. ConclusionFamous doctors are skilled in diagnosing and treating UC based on the differentiation of the zang-fu organs and qi-blood. The key pathological mechanism is “spleen deficiency as the root， and large intestine damp-heat as the manifestation”. The core treatment approach is “heat-clearing， spleen-tonifying， and dampness-draining”， with the inclusion of “regulating qi and blood， and balancing cold and heat”.

Cough variant asthma （CVA） is a chronic respiratory disease with cough as its main symptom. The occurrence of CVA is closely related to non-specific airway inflammation， and its pathogenesis involves environmental， genetic， immune， and other factors. In recent years， the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of CVA have attracted the attention of experts and scholars in China and abroad， especially its prominent role in regulating immune balance， relieving cough symptoms in CVA patients， and reducing recurrence. T Helper cells 1 （Th1）， T helper cells 2 （Th2）， T helper cells 17 （Th17）， and regulatory T cells （Treg） are derived from CD4⁺ T cells. Immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is a new hotspot in the pathogenesis of CVA and a potential key target in the treatment of CVA by TCM. Th cell subsets are in dynamic balance under physiological conditions， maintaining respiratory immune homeostasis in which pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines are balanced. Immature helper T cells （Th0） can be differentiated into Th1， Th2， Th17， Treg， and other cell subsets due to cytokine types in the microenvironment in the stage of CVA maturation. The proliferation of Th2 cells leads to eosinophilic airway inflammation. Excessive differentiation of Th17 cells induces neutrophil airway inflammation. Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells are mutually restricted in number and function， and the immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is easy to aggravate the generation of inflammatory response. Restoring immune balance is particularly important for the airway anti-inflammatory therapy of CVA. In this paper， the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg and the pathogenesis of CVA were systematically expounded. Meanwhile， the latest research on the regulation of immune imbalance by TCM compound， single TCM， and its effective ingredients in the treatment of CVA was reviewed. It provides ideas and references for revealing the scientific connotation of TCM regulating immune balance therapy of CVA， as well as the development of clinical treatment and basic research of CVA.