Objective To investigate the effect of oleanolic acid pretreatment on hepatic ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight male SD rats weighing 230-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 32 each): sham operation group (group S), I/R group, 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose group (group CMC) and oleanolic acid preconditioning (group OA). Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and hepatic arteries for 60 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 12 h of reperfusion in group I/R, CMC and OA. Oleanolic acid suspension 100 mg/kg was infused intragastrically in group OA, while the equal volume of 0.5% CMC-Na (in group CMC) and drinking water (in group S and I/R) was infused intragastrically instead once a day for 7 days, and then hepatic I/R was performed at day 8. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior vena cava at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h ofreperfusion for determination of serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) content, and expression of phospho-phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (p-PI3K), Akt, p-Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, p-Bad and Bad in the liver, and microscopic examination. Results Serum ALT activity and MDA content in the liver were significantly increased, SOD activity and GSH content in the liver were significantly decreased, expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, Bax, Bad and p-Bad was up-regulated, and Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated during reperfusion in group I/R, CMC and OA as compared with group S (P ＜0.05). Compared with group I/R, serum ALT activity and MDA content in the liver were significantly decreased, SOD activity and GSH content in the liver were significantly increased, expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt,Bcl-2 and p-Bad was up-regulated, and expression of Bad and Bax was down-regulated during reperfusion in group OA (P ＜ 0.05), but no significant change was found in the indexes mentioned above in group CMC (P ＞ 0.05).Serum ALT activity and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity and GSH content in the liver were significantly higher, expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-2 and p-Bad was significantly higher, and expression of Bad and Bax was significantly lower during reperfusion in group OA than in group CMC (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes in the liver were milder in group OA than in group I/R. Conclusion Oleanolic acid pretreatment can alleviate hepatic I/R injury by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective: To determinate whether human primary breast invasive ductal carcinoma((HPBIDC)) express somatostatin receptor(SSTR). Methods: SSTR expression in 82 patients with invasive duct carcinoma of breast was determined by immunohistochemistry and its correlation with clinical and pathological facts was analysed. Results: IHC analyses revealed that SSTR was expressed in HPBIDC (61/82, 74.4%). A significant correlation was found between SSTR expression and tumor stage (P

Objective: To investigate the relationship of the expression of the somatostatin receptor(SSTR) with tumor stages,tumor differentiation and the survival time in patients with human primary breast invasive ductal carcinoma(HPBIDC) and to provide theoretical evidence for the diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of the disease based on the SSTR expression.Methods: We detected the SSTR expression in the tumor tissues of 82 HPBIDC patients,and analyzed the relationship of the SSTR expression with the prognosis and survival time of the patients.Results: In the HPBIDC patients,the 5-year overall survival(OS) rates of the negative,weakly positive,moderately positive and strongly positive SSTR expression groups were 59.1,76.2,85.2 and 100.0%,those of the well,moderately and poorly differentiated groups were 94.1,90.6 and 60.0%,and those of the TNM Ⅰ,TNM Ⅱ,TNM Ⅲ and TNM Ⅳ groups were 100.0,86.0,56.3 and 25.0%,respectively.Conclusion: The expression of SSTR is significantly correlated with the prognosis of human primary breast invasive ductal carcinoma.

Electrolyte disturbance was prominent in patients with severe acute mountain sickness. In these patients hypoxia caused water and salt retension together with vasoactive substances and excessive free radicals might play important roles in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). More attention should be given to electrolyte monitoring in dealing with these severe mountain sickness in field.

OBJECTIVETo compare the abilities of transient elastography (TE) versus real-time tissue elastography (RTE) for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.

METHODSNinetytwo patients with chronic liver disease were enrolled in the study, and included 77 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 4 cases of chronic hepatitis C, 4 cases of autoimmune liver disease, 2 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis, I case of abnormal bile duct development, and 4 cases of unknown etiology.All patients were assessed by both TE and RTE in a single day.The correlation coefficient of liver fibrosis level and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of S more than 2 and =4 of TE and RTE were determined.The values were compared using findings fiom pathological analysis as reference.

RESULTSThe correlation coefficient of liver fibrosis level was significantly higher for TE (r =0.755, 95% CI:0.651-0.831, P =0.000) than for RTE (r=0.481, 95% CI:0.306-0.624, P =0.000) (Z=3.07, P =0.002).The areas under the ROC curves for S more than 2 and =4 were 0.903 and 0.740 for TE and 0.915 and 0.786 for RTE, respectively, indicating that the performance of TE was superior to that of RTE.

CONCLUSIONTE was superior to RTE for assessment of liver fibrosis.

Autoimmune Diseases ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnostic imaging ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; diagnostic imaging ; ROC Curve

Objective To explore the association of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PPARGC1) Gly482Ser with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) variations in longevity (aged above 90 yrs) Hans in Guangxi Yongfu and to explore the potential association between the variations and metabolic traits.Methods Based on our survey in Guangxi Yongfu in 2008-2011,212 elderly cases (aged 90～105 years) were included as longevity group and 207 cases without longevity history were included as control group.By household survey,we collected the longevity related parameters,blood glucose,blood lipid,blood pressure and other related metabolic traits.Peripheral blood was collected to extract DNA,the gene variations of Gly482Ser and ApoE were genotyped,and the database with genome and traits information were set up.By univariate analysis and multivariate genetic statistical analysis,the association between the variations and longevity and metabolic traits was assessed.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were lower in the longevity group.Gly482Ser was genotyped in all samples and fully fulfilled the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.After the Bonferroni correction,recessive model failed to find association between GG genotype and longevity.Stratified analyses by ApoEε4 allele revealed that,in the subgroup with no ApoEε4,PPARGC-1 GG genotype was positively associated with longevity in the recessive model,even after Bonferroni correction (OR =1.72,P＜0.05).In addition,longevity group with Gly482Ser GG genotype seemed to have relativelower fasting blood glucose (P ＜ 0.05) and higher high density lipoprotein levels (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Longevity Hans in Guangxi Yongfu preserve better metabolic state compared with the control group.GG genotype of Gly482Ser in PPARGC-1 is positively associated with longevity,which depends on not carrying the risk allele of ApoE ε4.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of IA regimen which contains idarubicin (IDA) 8 mg/m², 10 mg/m² or 12 mg/m² as induction chemotherapy for adult patients with de-novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . Methods: A total of 1 215 newly diagnosed adult AML patients, ranging from May 2011 to March 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and other 36 clinical blood centers in China were enrolled in the multicenter, single-blind, non-randomized, clinical controlled study. To compare the response rate of complete remission (CR) , adverse events between different dose idarubicin combined with cytarabine (100 mg/m²) as induction chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients of adult AML. Results: Of 1 207 evaluable AML patients were assigned to this analysis of CR rate. The CR rates of IDA 8 mg/m² group, IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 73.6% (215/292) , 84.1% (662/787) and 86.7% (111/128) , respectively (P<0.001) . After adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow, FAB classification and risk stratification, the odds ratios (95% CI) of IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 0.49 (0.34-0.70) and 0.36 (0.18-0.71) , as compared with the IDA 8 mg/m² group (P<0.001, P=0.003) . In the intermediate and favorable groups, CR rates was 76.5% (163/213) , 86.9% (506/582) and 86.1% (68/79) in different doses of IDA (P=0.007) . Interestingly, IA regimen with IDA 10 mg/m² was the only beneficial factor affecting CR in this group after adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow and FAB classification[OR=0.47 (95% CI 0.31-0.71) , P<0.001]. CR rates in adverse group was 50.0% (18/36) , 60.6% (43/71) and 81.8% (18/22) respectively (P=0.089) . However, the odds ratios (95% CI) of IDA 12 mg/m² when compared with the IDA 8 mg/m² was 0.22 (0.06-0.80) , after adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow and FAB classification. The median time (days) of neutrophil count less than 0.5×10⁹/L in IDA 8 mg/m² group, IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 14 (11-18) , 15 (11-20) and 18 (14-22) , respectively (P=0.012) and of platelet count lower than 20×10⁹/L were 14 (7-17) , 15 (11-20) and 17 (15-21) , respectively (P=0.001) . The incidences of lung infection in the three groups were 9.8%, 13.5% and 25.2%, respectively (P<0.001) . Conclusions For young adult patients (aged 18-60 years) with AML in China, intensifying induction therapy with idarubicin 10 mg/m² is clinically superior to IDA 8 mg/m² and IDA 12 mg/m² in favorable intermediate AML subgroup. However, idarubicin 12 mg/m² is more suitable to adverse AML subgroup.

The correct differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is essential for the myelination and remyelination processes in the central nervous system. Determining the regulatory mechanism is fundamental to the treatment of demyelinating diseases. By analyzing the RNA sequencing data of different neural cells, we found that cyclin-dependent kinase 18 (CDK18) is exclusively expressed in oligodendrocytes. In vivo studies showed that the expression level of CDK18 gradually increased along with myelin formation during development and in the remyelination phase in a lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination model, and was distinctively highly expressed in oligodendrocytes. In vitro overexpression and interference experiments revealed that CDK18 directly promotes the differentiation of OPCs, without affecting their proliferation or apoptosis. Mechanistically, CDK18 activated the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, thus promoting OPC differentiation. The results of the present study suggest that CDK18 is a promising cell-type specific target to treat demyelinating disease.